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MedBench:A Comprehensive,Standardized,and Reliable Benchmarking System for Evaluating Chinese Medical Large Language Models

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第4期7卷 1116-1128页

作者： Mianxin Liu Weiguo Hu Jinru Ding Jie Xu Xiaoyang Li Lifeng Zhu Zhian Bai Xiaoming Shi Benyou Wang Haitao Song Pengfei Liu Xiaofan Zhang Shanshan Wang Kang Li Haofen Wang Tong Ruan Xuanjing Huang Xin Sun Shaoting Zhang Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai 200232China Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025China Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shanghai 200240and also with Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Qing Yuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China West China Hospital Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China School of Design and Innovation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Computer Science and Technology East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092China

Ensuring the general efficacy and benefit for human beings from medical Large Language Models(LLM)before real-world deployment is ***,a widely accepted and accessible evaluation process for medical LLM,especially in the Chinese context,remains to be *** this work,we introduce“MedBench”,a comprehensive,standardized,and reliable benchmarking system for Chinese medical ***,MedBench assembles the currently largest evaluation dataset(300901 questions)to cover 43 clinical specialties,and performs multi-faceted evaluation on medical ***,MedBench provides a standardized and fully automatic cloud-based evaluation infrastructure,with physical separations between question and ground ***,MedBench implements dynamic evaluation mechanisms to prevent shortcut learning and answer *** MedBench to popular general and medical LLMs,we observe unbiased,reproducible evaluation results largely aligning with medical professionals’*** study establishes a significant foundation for preparing the practical applications of Chinese medical LLMs.

关键词： Medical Large Language Model(MLLM) benchmark platform open-source

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BEYOND 5G NETWORKS: INTEGRATION OF COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, CACHING, AND CONTROL

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Adam, Musbahu Mohammed Zhao, Liqiang Wang, Kezhi Han, Zhu State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University Xi’an710071 China Department of Computer and Information Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul02447 Korea Republic of

In recent years, the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks. Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating communication, computing, caching, and control (i4C) technologies. In this survey, we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C, comprising background, motivation, leading technological enablers, potential applications, and use cases. Next, we describe different models of communication, computing, caching, and control (4C) to lay the foundation of the integration approach. We review current state-of-the-art research efforts related to the i4C, focusing on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence (AI)-based integration approaches. We also highlight the need for intelligence in resources integration. Then, we discuss the integration of sensing and communication (ISAC) and classify the integration approaches into various classes. Finally, we propose open challenges and present future research directions for beyond 5G networks, such as 6G. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integration

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Calculation of Interval Carbon Emission Flow Considering Renewable Energy Uncertainty

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Shen, Haoning Ding, Tao Mu, Chenggang Jia, Wenhao Yuan, Yi Xiong, Jun Shen, Xin Li, Fangxing State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Yunnan Power Grid Co. Ltd. Yunnan Kunming650051 China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

To quantify the impact of uncertainties on carbon emission flow (CEF) resulting from renewable energy, a novel interval CEF model is proposed for an efficient solution by the bi-level branch and bound (B&B) method. Firstly, an analytical expression for the interval CEF model was derived based on carbon emission flow analysis theory and a deterministic carbon emission flow calculation model. The interval CEF model has a special structure that can be formulated as a mixed integer quadratic constrained linear programming (MIQCLP) problem. To effectively solve this MIQCLP problem, a bi-level B&B algorithm is designed, in which a spatial B&B method is utilized to solve the quadratic constrained linear programming (QCLP) problem at a higher level, while a simple B&B method is utilized to solve the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem at a lower level. Simulation results on several IEEE testing systems demonstrate the effectiveness and computational tractability of the model. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Branch and bound method

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A Unified Blockchain-Semantic Framework for Wireless Edge Intelligence Enabled Web 3.0

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lin, Yijing Gao, Zhipeng Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Deng, Ruilong Shen, Xuemin Sherman State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada

Web 3.0 enables user-generated contents and user-selected authorities. With decentralized wireless edge computing architectures, Web 3.0 allows users to read, write, and own contents. A core technology that enables Web 3.0 goals is blockchain, which provides security services by recording content in a decentralized and transparent manner. However, the explosion of on-chain recorded contents and the fast-growing number of users cause increasingly unaffordable computing and storage resource consumption. A promising paradigm is to analyze the semantic information of contents that can convey precisely the desired meanings without consuming many resources. In this article, we propose a unified blockchain-semantic ecosystems framework for wireless edge intelligence-enabled Web 3.0. Our framework consists of six key components to exchange semantic demands. We then introduce an Oracle-based proof of semantic mechanism to implement on-chain and off-chain interactions of Web 3.0 ecosystems on semantic verification algorithms while maintaining service security. An adaptive Deep Reinforcement Learning-based sharding mechanism on Oracle is designed to improve interaction efficiency, which can facilitate Web 3.0 ecosystems to deal with varied semantic demands. Finally, a case study is presented to show that the proposed framework can dynamically adjust Oracle settings according to varied semantic demands. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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Throughput Maximization for Movable Antenna Systems with Movement Delay Consideration

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Honghao Wu, Qingqing Gao, Ying Chen, Wen Mei, Weidong Hu, Guojie Xu, Lexi The Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau 999078 China The National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China The College of Communication Engineering Rocket Force University of Engineering Xi’an710025 China The Research Institute China United Network Communications Corporation Beijing100048 China

In this paper, we model the minimum achievable throughput within a transmission block of restricted duration and aim to maximize it in movable antenna (MA)-enabled multiuser downlink communications. Particularly, we account for the antenna moving delay caused by mechanical movement, which has not been fully considered in previous studies, and reveal the trade-off between the delay and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at users. To this end, we first consider a single-user setup to analyze the necessity of antenna movement. By quantizing the virtual angles of arrival, we derive the requisite region size for antenna moving, design the initial MA position, and elucidate the relationship between quantization resolution and moving region size. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm is developed to optimize MA position via successive convex approximation, which is subsequently extended to the general multiuser setup. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform fixed-position antenna schemes and existing ones without consideration of movement delay. Additionally, our algorithms exhibit excellent adaptability and stability across various transmission block durations and moving region sizes, and are robust to different antenna moving speeds. This allows the hardware cost of MA-aided systems to be reduced by employing low rotational speed motors. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Inventing the Potential of a High-Frequency EEG, Namely Dodecanogram (DDG): Human Subjects’ Study 5th

Inventing the Potential of a High-Frequency EEG, Namely Dode...

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5th International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive engineering, TCCE 2023

作者： Singh, Pushpendra Sarkar, Jhimli Dey, Parama Sarkar, Sounak Pattanaya, Anindya Nag, Sudipa Pramanik, Sudeshna Sahoo, Pathik Saxena, Komal Krishnanda, Soami Daya Dutta, Tanusree Ghosh, Subrata Bandyopadhyay, Anirban NIMS 1-2-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba3050047 Japan Department Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering IIT Kharagpur West Bengal Kharagpur721302 India Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam781039 India Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management Indian Institute of Management Ranchi834008 India Amity School of Applied Science Amity University Rajasthan Kant Kalwar NH-11C Jaipur Delhi Highway Rajasthan Jaipur303007 India Microwave Physics Laboratory Department of Physics and Computer Science Dayalbag Educational Institute Uttar Pradesh Agra282005 India Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology NEIST Assam Jorhat785006 India Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad201002 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819719228

The conventional EEG machine measures brain signal frequencies between 1 and 300 Hz on the scalp. By utilizing Fourier transform (FFT), it generates a 2D frequency profile. Our innovative EEG, known as Dodecanogram (DDG), operates in two modes. In the first mode, it detects a wide range of frequencies from 6 THz to 1 milliHz, creating a brain scan based on resonance. In the second mode, it uses picosecond pulses to capture potential surges, measuring their duration, intensity, and phase variation, revealing brain activity patterns. Both modes work simultaneously in the DDG device. To minimize environmental interference, we use interconnected DDG devices on eight human brains. The detected results from DDG show that DDG is a fundamental technology for understanding various mental states. Potential applications include neuro-disease diagnosis and exploring treatments involving electrical and electromagnetic pulses. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Electromagnetic pulse

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Stabilization Guarantees of Human-Compatible Control via Lyapunov Analysis

Stabilization Guarantees of Human-Compatible Control via Lya...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Sirui Li Roy Dong Cathy Wu Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Laboratory for Information & Decision Systems the Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) enable more efficient and sustainable transportation systems. Ample studies have shown that controlling a small fraction of AVs can smooth traffic flow and mitigate traffic congestion. However, deploying AVs to real-world systems is challenging due to transparency and safety concerns. An alternative approach deployable in the imminent future is human-compatible driving, where human drivers are guided by real-time instructions to stabilize the traffic. To respect human drivers’ reaction time $\Delta$, a class of piecewise-constant policies is considered, where periodic instructions are given at every $\Delta$ seconds to human drivers, who hold the instructed action constant until the next instruction. While previous work provides a basic theoretical analysis by considering a single driver setting in the absence of traffic, a principled control theoretic analysis that takes into account the full traffic system is lacking. This work uses Lyapunov stability theory to analyze piecewise-constant policies in a traffic system governed by the Optimal Velocity Model (OVM). We provide sufficient conditions for piecewise-constant controls with hold length $\Delta$ to stabilize the system. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our theoretical analyses closely follow simulated results, and can be used to interpret meaningful relationships between system parameters and maximum stable hold lengths.

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Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bausch, Johannes Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Blackwell, Sam Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Davies, Alex De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Paolo, Agustin Di Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Edlich, Thomas Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heras, Francisco J.H. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Holland, George Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Kohli, Pushmeet Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kozlovskii, Borislav Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Lacroix, Nathan Landhuis, David Lange Google Research United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstMA United States Google DeepMind United Kingdom Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States Department of Physics University of Connecticut StorrsCT United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL United States Department of Physics ETH Zurich Switzerland Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA United States Yale Quantum Institute Yale University New HavenCT United States Departments of Applied Physics and Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States

Quantum error correction [1–4] provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of Λ = 2.14 ± 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% ± 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit’s lifetime by a factor of 2.4 ± 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 µs at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 µs. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3×109 cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Decoding

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electrically-controlled Varifocal and Bifocal-Bicolor Metalenses Embedded in a Liquid Crystal

Electrically-controlled Varifocal and Bifocal-Bicolor Metale...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Melissa Bosch Maxim R. Shcherbakov Kanghee Won Hong-Seok Lee Gennady Shvets Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine CA USA Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) Suwon-si Republic of Korea School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

We demonstrate highly-compact multifunctional zoom components based on low-loss all-dielectric metasurfaces integrated with liquid crystals (LCs). These devices could find use in next-generation imaging systems includ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Aberration correction Cameras Imaging systems Laser imaging Liquid crystals Resonant modes

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Combining linear and nonlinear polarization-sensitive imaging modalities for enhanced characterizations of collagen

Combining linear and nonlinear polarization-sensitive imagin...

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Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics, Microscopy 2022

作者： Yang, Lingxiao Iyer, Rishyashring R. Sorrells, Janet E. Chaney, Eric J. Boppart, Stephen A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

Here we propose a custom multimodal system with simultaneous and spatially co-registered polarization-sensitive optical coherence microscopy and polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy to enable q... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Collagen

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