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Modeling the performance of early fault-tolerant quantum algorithms

Physical Review Research 2024年第2期6卷 023118-023118页

作者： Qiyao Liang Yiqing Zhou Archismita Dalal Peter Johnson Zapata AI Boston Massachusetts 02110 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Zapata Computing Canada Inc. Toronto Ontario M5V 2Y1 Canada

Progress in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) has driven the pursuit of practical applications with early fault-tolerant quantum computers (EFTQC). These devices, limited in their qubit counts and fault-tolerance capabilities, require algorithms that can accommodate some degrees of error, which are known as EFTQC algorithms. To predict the onset of early quantum advantage, a comprehensive methodology is needed to develop and analyze EFTQC algorithms, drawing insights from both the methodologies of noisy intermediate-scale quantum and traditional FTQC. To address this need, we propose such a methodology for modeling algorithm performance on EFTQC devices under varying degrees of error. As a case study, we apply our methodology to analyze the performance of randomized Fourier estimation (RFE) [Kshirsagar, Katabarwa, and Johnson, arXiv:2209.11322], an EFTQC algorithm for phase estimation. We investigate the runtime performance and the fault-tolerant overhead of RFE in comparison to the traditional quantum phase estimation algorithm. Our analysis reveals that RFE achieves significant savings in physical qubit counts while having a much higher runtime upper bound. We anticipate even greater physical qubit savings when considering more realistic assumptions about the performance of EFTQC devices. By providing insights into the performance trade-offs and resource requirements of EFTQC algorithms, our work contributes to the development of practical and efficient quantum computing solutions on the path to quantum advantage.

关键词： Quantum algorithms & computation Quantum computation Quantum error correction Quantum information processing

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Stackable, Storable, Millimeter-Scale Biobatteries Having High Instantaneous Power Outputs

Stackable, Storable, Millimeter-Scale Biobatteries Having Hi...

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Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS)

作者： Maryam Rezaie Anwar Elhadad Seokheun Choi Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton New York USA Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability SUNY Binghamton New York USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665493079

We report a millimeter-sized bacteria-powered biobattery that can generate substantially high-power density (427 µW/cm 2 ) only in 7 minutes after liquid introduction. The biobattery features (i) Bacillus subtilis endospores as a storable, dormant biocatalyst which are primed for quick germination, and (ii) a 3-D graphene hydrogel anode decorated with copper oxide particles for high-power generation. Individual biobattery units are easily stackable in series and three-biobattery pack produces more than enough energy to power a light-emitting diode (LED). This work can release microbial energy technology from its restriction to research settings and translate it to practical real-world applications.

关键词： Heating systems Performance evaluation Microorganisms Hydrogels Graphene Light emitting diodes Copper

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Photo-luminescence properties of ion implanted Er3+-defects in 4H-SiCOI towards integrated quantum photonics

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bader, Joshua Lim, Shao Qi Inam, Faraz Ahmed Johnson, Brett C. Peruzzo, Alberto McCallum, Jeffrey Li, Qing Castelletto, Stefania School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Quantum Photonics Laboratory Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics The University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC3010 Australia Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh202002 India School of Science RMIT University Melbourne3001 Australia Advanced Research Department Qubit Pharmaceuticals Paris75014 France Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States

Colour centres hosted in solid-state materials such as silicon carbide and diamond are promising candidates for integration into chip-scale quantum systems. Specifically, the incorporation of these colour centres within photonic integrated circuits may enable precise control over their inherent photo-physical properties through strong light-matter interaction. Here, we investigate ion-implanted erbium (Er3+) defects embedded in thin-film 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator (4H-SiCOI). Optimized implantation conditions and thermal annealing processes designed to enhance the emission characteristics of the Er3+-defect are reported. By examining key properties such as photoluminescence intensity, optical lifetime, and polarization, we present an analysis of ensemble Er3+-defects within 4H-SiCOI, providing insights into their potential for future quantum applications. © 2025, CC0.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides

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Light(science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 89-102页

作者： Christian R.Ocier Corey A.Richards Daniel A.Bacon-Brown Qing Ding Raman Kumar Tanner J.Garcia Jorik van de Groep Jung-Hwan Song Austin J.Cyphersmith Andrew Rhode Andrea N.Perry Alexander J.Littlefield Jinlong Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jonah F.Messinger Mark L.Brongersma Kimani C.Toussaint Jr Lynford L.Goddard Paul V.Braun Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA

Direct laser writing(DLW)has been shown to render 3D polymeric optical components,including lenses,beam expanders,and mirrors,with submicrometer ***,these printed structures are limited to the refractive index and dispersive properties of the ***,we present the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that enables the tuning of the refractive index over a range of greater than 0.3 by performing DLW inside photoresist-filled nanoporous silicon and silica *** the laser exposure during printing enables 3D submicron control of the polymer infilling and thus the refractive index and chromatic *** SCRIBE’s unprecedented index range and 3D writing accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical Luneburg lens operating at visible ***’s ability to tune the chromatic dispersion alongside the refractive index was leveraged to render achromatic doublets in a single printing step,eliminating the need for multiple photoresins and writing *** also has the potential to form multicomponent optics by cascading optical elements within a *** a demonstration,stacked focusing structures that generate photonic nanojets were fabricated inside porous ***,an all-pass ring resonator was coupled to a subsurface 3D *** measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 nm suggests the possibility of compact photonic systems with optical interconnects that traverse multiple *** is uniquely suited for constructing such photonic integrated circuits due to its ability to integrate multiple optical components,including lenses and waveguides,without additional printed supports.

关键词： index refractive render

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Dynamic Pricing based Near-Optimal Resource Allocation for Elastic Edge Offloading

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xia, Yun Xue, Hai Zhang, Di Mumtaz, Shahid Xu, Xiaolong Rodrigues, Joel J.P.C. School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University the Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Information System The National Telemedicine Center The National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications Zhengzhou450001 China Department of Engineering Nottingham Trent University NottinghamNG1 4FQ United Kingdom The Department of Electronic Engineering Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Amazonas State University AM Manaus Brazil

In mobile edge computing (MEC), task offloading can significantly reduce task execution latency and energy consumption of end user (EU). However, edge server (ES) resources are limited, necessitating efficient allocation to ensure the sustainable and healthy development for MEC systems. In this paper, we propose a dynamic pricing mechanism based near-optimal resource allocation for elastic edge offloading. First, we construct a resource pricing model and accordingly develop the utility functions for both EU and ES, the optimal pricing model parameters are derived by optimizing the utility functions. In the meantime, our theoretical analysis reveals that the EU’s utility function reaches a local maximum within the search range, but exhibits barely growth with increased resource allocation beyond this point. To this end, we further propose the Dynamic Inertia and Speed-Constrained particle swarm optimization (DISC-PSO) algorithm, which efficiently identifies the near-optimal resource allocation. Comprehensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of DISC-PSO, demonstrating that it significantly outperforms existing schemes by reducing the average number of iterations to reach a near-optimal solution by 92.11%, increasing the final user utility function value by 0.24%, and decreasing the variance of results by 95.45%. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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AnimalTrack: A Benchmark for Multi-Animal Tracking in the Wild

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Libo Gao, Junyuan Xiao, Zhen Fan, Heng State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China Nanjing Institute of Software Technology Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of North Texas Denton United States

Multi-animal tracking (MAT), a multi-object tracking (MOT) problem, is crucial for animal motion and behavior analysis and has many crucial applications such as biology, ecology and animal conservation. Despite its importance, MAT is largely under-explored compared to other MOT problems such as multi-human tracking due to the scarcity of dedicated benchmarks. To address this problem, we introduce AnimalTrack, a dedicated benchmark for multi-animal tracking in the wild. Specifically, AnimalTrack consists of 58 sequences from a diverse selection of 10 common animal categories. On average, each sequence comprises of 33 target objects for tracking. In order to ensure high quality, every frame in AnimalTrack is manually labeled with careful inspection and refinement. To our best knowledge, AnimalTrack is the first benchmark dedicated to multi-animal tracking. In addition, to understand how existing MOT algorithms perform on AnimalTrack and provide baselines for future comparison, we extensively evaluate 14 state-of-the-art representative trackers. The evaluation results demonstrate that, not surprisingly, most of these trackers become degenerated due to the differences between pedestrians and animals in various aspects (e.g., pose, motion, and appearance), and more efforts are desired to improve multi-animal tracking. We hope that AnimalTrack together with evaluation and analysis will foster further progress on multi-animal tracking. The dataset and evaluation as well as our analysis will be made available at https:// ***/projects/AnimalTrack/. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Petroleum reservoir evaluation

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Neuromorphic-Driven Agentic AI for Autonomous Decision-Making Systems

Neuromorphic-Driven Agentic AI for Autonomous Decision-Makin...

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Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications (ICMNWC), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Manjunath Kamath K Samata Mehta.S Akshaya H. L Shilpashree N Girish Jadhav Abhijit Mitra Department of Cyber Security NMAM Institute of Technology NITTE (Deemed to be University) Karkala India Department Of CSE (IOT & Cyber Security including Block Chain Technology) Brindavan College of Engineering Bengaluru India Department of Computer Science Sarada Vilas College Mysuru India Department Of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Parul institute of Engineering and Technology Parul University Post Limda India Symbiosis Centre for Advanced Legal Studies and Research (SCALSAR) Symbiosis Law School Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune India

ISBN: (数字)9798331528348

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528355

Agentic AI represents a paradigm shift in the development of intelligent systems capable of adaptive and proactive interactions in dynamic and complex environments. By integrating reinforcement learning (RL) with cognitive frameworks, Agentic AI goes beyond traditional rule-based and reactive models, enabling autonomous systems to make informed decisions, anticipate future states, and learn from experience. This paper explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of Agentic AI, highlighting its potential to transform a variety of fields, including robotics, autonomous driving, finance, and healthcare. Through a detailed review of state-of-the-art research, we illustrate how cognitive architectures such as ACT-R and Soar, combined with advanced RL techniques like Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), contribute to the development of AI agents with human-like reasoning and decision-making capabilities. Experimental results demonstrate that Agentic AI significantly outperforms conventional AI approaches in terms of adaptability, learning efficiency, and decision accuracy. The findings suggest that Agentic AI offers a robust framework for creating intelligent systems capable of complex problem-solving, long-term planning, and proactive behavior, paving the way for the next generation of AI-driven applications.

关键词： Adaptation models Adaptive systems Decision making Finance Medical services Reinforcement learning Cognition Autonomous vehicles Robots Optimization

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Unified Performance Analysis of Multi-Hop FSO Systems over Double Generalized Gamma Turbulence Channels with Pointing Errors

Unified Performance Analysis of Multi-Hop FSO Systems over D...

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作者： Ashrafzadeh, Behnam Zaimbashi, Amir Soleimani-Nasab, Ehsan Uysal, Murat Department of Electrical Engineering Optical and Rf Communication Systems Laboratory Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman*** Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman*** Iran Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Özyegin University Istanbul34794 Turkey

Free space optical (FSO) communication systems provide high bandwidth in unregulated spectrum and act as a powerful line-of-sight wireless connectivity solution. The performance of FSO systems can be seriously impaired by fading as a result of atmospheric turbulence and/or pointing errors due to misalignment. In the context of FSO systems, relaying was proposed as an effective fading mitigation technique due to the fact that the variance is distance-dependent in turbulence channels. In this article, we present a unified performance analysis of multi-hop FSO systems over Double Generalized Gamma (DGG) turbulence channels with pointing error impairments. We assume amplify-and-forward relaying and consider both heterodyne detection and intensity modulation with direct detection. We derive tight closed-form expressions for the outage probability and bit error probability of both fixed-gain and channel state information (CSI)-assisted relaying in terms of the bivariate Fox-H functions and Fox-H functions, respectively. We further analyze asymptotic behavior of the outage probability in terms of simple elementary functions and obtain the achievable diversity orders. Diversity gain is found to be a function of atmospheric turbulence parameters, pointing error, detection type and the number of hops. Monte Carlo simulation results are further provided to verify the accuracy of the derived expressions. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Atmospheric turbulence

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Manipulating Fano coupling in an opto-thermoelectric field

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lin, Linhan Lepeshov, Sergey Krasnok, Alex Huang, Yu Jiang, Taizhi Peng, Xiaolei Korgel, Brian A. Alu, Andrea Zheng, Yuebing State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering DTU Electro Technical University of Denmark Building 343 Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL33174 United States School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha410082 China Mc Ketta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York NY10016 United States Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Fano resonances in photonics arise from the coupling and interference between two resonant modes in structures with broken symmetry. They feature an uneven and narrow and tunable lineshape, and are ideally suited for optical spectroscopy. Many Fano resonance structures have been suggested in nanophotonics over the last ten years, but reconfigurability and tailored design remain challenging. Herein, we propose an all-optical "pick-and-place" approach aimed at assemble Fano metamolecules of various geometries and compositions in a reconfigurable manner. We study their coupling behavior by in-situ dark-field scattering spectroscopy. Driven by a light-directed opto-thermoelectric field, silicon nanoparticles with high quality-factor Mie resonances (discrete states) and low-loss BaTiO3 nanoparticles (continuum states) are assembled into all-dielectric heterodimers, where distinct Fano resonances are observed. The Fano parameter can be adjusted by changing the resonant frequency of the discrete states or the light polarization. We also show tunable coupling strength and multiple Fano resonances by altering the number of continuum states and discrete states in dielectric heterooligomers. Our work offers a general design rule for Fano resonance and an all-optical platform for controlling Fano coupling on demand. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light polarization

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Frozen Mode Regime in an Optical Waveguide With Distributed Bragg Reflector

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Furman, Nathaniel Mealy, Tarek Islam, Shafiqul Vitebskiy, Ilya Gibson, Ricky Bedford, Robert Boyraz, Ozdal Capolino, Filippo The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States The Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH45433 United States

We introduce a glide symmetric optical waveguide exhibiting a stationary inflection point (SIP) in the Bloch wavenumber dispersion relation. An SIP is a third order exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) where three Bloch eigenmodes coalesce to form a so-called frozen mode with vanishing group velocity and diverging amplitude. We show that the incorporation of chirped distributed Bragg reflectors and distributed coupling between waveguides in the periodic structure facilitates the SIP formation and greatly enhances the characteristics of the frozen mode regime. We confirm the existence of an SIP in two ways: by observing the flatness of the dispersion diagram and also by using a coalescence parameter describing the separation of the three eigenvectors collapsing on each other. We find that in the absence of losses, both the quality factor and the group delay at the SIP grow with the cubic power of the cavity length. The frozen mode regime can be very attractive for light amplification and lasing, in optical delay lines, sensors, and modulators. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Slow light

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