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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cheng, Pengzhou Han, Mu Li, Aoxue Zhang, Fengwei The Department of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai201100 China The School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China The School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518000 China

Intrusion detection is an important defensive measure for automotive communications security. Accurate frame detection models assist vehicles to avoid malicious attacks. Uncertainty and diversity regarding attack methods make this task challenging. However, the existing works have the limitation of only considering local features or the weak feature mapping of multi-features. To address these limitations, we present a novel model for automotive intrusion detection by spatial-temporal correlation features of in-vehicle communication traffic (STC-IDS). Specifically, the proposed model exploits an encoding-detection architecture. In the encoder part, spatial and temporal relations are encoded simultaneously. To strengthen the relationship between features, the attention-based convolutional network still captures spatial and channel features to increase the receptive field, while attention-LSTM builds meaningful relationships from previous time series or crucial bytes. The encoded information is then passed to detector for generating forceful spatial-temporal attention features and enabling anomaly classification. In particular, single-frame and multi-frame models are constructed to present different advantages respectively. Under automatic hyper-parameter selection based on Bayesian optimization, the model is trained to attain the best performance. Extensive empirical studies based on a real-world vehicle attack dataset demonstrate that STC-IDS has outperformed baseline methods and obtains fewer false-alarm rates while maintaining efficiency. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Intrusion detection

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Design and exploration of vertically stacked complementary tunneling field-effect transistors

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Applied Physics Express 2024年第1期17卷 014001-014001页

作者： Thoti, Narasimhulu Li, Yiming Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Communications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

The purpose of this letter is to study the design and explore vertically stacked complementary tunneling field-effect transistors (CTFETs) using CFET technology for emerging technology nodes. As a prior work, the CTFET’s device-level simulations are implemented and deliberated in strict compliance with the experimental settings. This work comprises the study of physical and DC analyses by scaling the p- to n-CTFET separation (D pn), being a significant factor in CFET/CTFET design for its process difficulty. By utilizing the 50% benefit in footprint, the work is further extended to CTFET static random access memory implementation and characterization with hold/read noise margin analysis. © 2023 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Japan Society of Applied Physics by IOP Publishing Ltd

关键词： Si-Ge alloys

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High-efficiency optical frequency mixing in an all-dielectric metasurface enabled by multiple bound states in the continuum

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Physical Review B 2023年第7期107卷 075441-075441页

作者： Tingting Liu Meibao Qin Feng Wu Shuyuan Xiao Institute of Photonic Chips University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China School of Physics and Materials Science Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China School of Optoelectronic Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangzhou 510665 China Institute for Advanced Study Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China

We present nonlinear optical four-wave mixing in a silicon nanodisk dimer metasurface. Under the oblique incident plane waves, the designed metasurface exhibits a multiresonant feature with simultaneous excitations of three quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC). Through employing these quasi-BICs with maximizing electric field energy at the input bump wavelengths, significant enhancement of third-order nonlinear processes including third-harmonic generation, degenerate and nondegenerate four-wave mixing are demonstrated, giving rise to ten frequencies in the visible wavelengths. This work may lead to a new frontier of ultracompact optical mixer for applications in optical circuitry, ultrasensitive sensing, and quantum nanophotonics.

关键词： Nanophotonics Metasurfaces Finite-element method

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Topological photonics: Frontiers in robust light manipulation

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Reviews in Physics 2025年 13卷

作者： Zhang, Yongliang Sha, Wei E.I. Tsukerman, Igor State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Akron AkronOHOH 44325-3904 United States

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Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Interrogation Using Goubau Waves

Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Interrogation Using Goubau Wave...

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Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

作者： David W. Greve Jagannath Devkota Paul Ohodnicki Ruishu Wright Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon U. Pittsburgh PA USA ORISE Faculty Fellow National Energy Technology Laboratory Pittsburgh PA National Energy Technology Laboratory Pittsburgh PA USA NETL Support Contractor Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Swanson School of Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

Electromagnetic waves on single conductors (Goubau waves) are investigated for the interrogation of wireless sensors. A demonstration of interrogation of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor is presented, followed by ...

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Electron-induced chemistry and sputtering of volatile species from amorphous and crystalline water ice

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Mishra, Yogeshwar Nath Chandra, Sankhabrata Gudipati, Murthy S. Henderson, Bryana Hanstorp, Dag Yung, Yuk L. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91109 United States Department of Physics University of Gothenburg GothenburgSE 41296 Sweden Division of Geological and Planetary Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Saudi Arabia

Electron irradiation of water-rich ices plays a significant role in initiating the chemical and physical processes on the surface of airless icy bodies in radiation environments such as Europa and Enceladus, as well as on the Moon, comets, and asteroids interacting with the solar wind. The sputtering process by electrons and ions leads to chemical modification and outgassing of their icy surfaces and the subsequent formation of a tenuous atmosphere. Though electron-sputtering yields are known to be lower compared to ion-sputtering yields, one needs to also account for their differential fluxes. Europa receives about 10 times more electron flux than proton flux, making electron-induced outgassing important to study and understand. Here, we report a rigorous experimental study of electron bombardment of Europa analog crystalline and amorphous pure water ices at 100 K under ultrahigh vacuum and compare our results with reported data in the literature to provide quantitative data for low-energy electron-induced chemistry and sputtering of water-ice. In our experiments, the electron-induced sputtering yields of all the gaseous species H2, O, OH, H2O, and O2 are investigated for electron energies lower than 2 keV in terms of partial pressure vs. time of irradiation. The effective averaged change in partial pressure of the desorbed species is converted to the number of sputtered atoms or molecules per second per cm2 from the ice, and then to the sputtering yields (number of species sputtered per electron). These values at different electron fluences (electrons/cm2) are then used to derive the number of atoms or molecules desorbed or sputtered per keV of incident electrons, to enable utilizing our data to quantify the contribution of electron-sputtering process towards the exospheric composition of Europa. Our data agrees well with the previously reported data for the sputtering of O2 and H2O yield for the amorphous ice. We also find that crystalline ice shows significantly

关键词： Electron irradiation

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Thermalization of Interacting Quasi-One-Dimensional Systems

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第3期130卷 030401-030401页

作者： Miłosz Panfil Sarang Gopalakrishnan Robert M. Konik Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw ul. Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA

Many experimentally relevant systems are quasi-one-dimensional, consisting of nearly decoupled chains. In these systems, there is a natural separation of scales between the strong intrachain interactions and the weak interchain coupling. When the intrachain interactions are integrable, weak interchain couplings play a crucial part in thermalizing the system. Here, we develop a Boltzmann-equation formalism involving a collision integral that is asymptotically exact for any interacting integrable system, and apply it to develop a quantitative theory of relaxation in coupled Bose gases in the experimentally relevant Newton’s cradle setup. We find that relaxation involves a broad spectrum of timescales. We provide evidence that the Markov process governing relaxation at late times is gapless; thus, the approach to equilibrium is generally nonexponential, even for spatially uniform perturbations.

关键词： Cold atoms & matter waves Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics Bose gases Boltzmann theory

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Enhanced Labeling Technique for Reddit Text and Fine-Tuned Longformer Models for Classifying Depression Severity in English and Luganda

Enhanced Labeling Technique for Reddit Text and Fine-Tuned L...

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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)

作者： Richard Kimera Daniela N. Rim Joseph Kirabira Ubong Godwin Udomah Heeyoul Choi Department of Advanced Convergence Handong Global University Pohang South Korea School of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Handong Global University Pohang South Korea Department of Psychiatry Busitema University (Faculty of Health Sciences) Mbale Uganda Department of Psychiatry University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo Akwa Ibom Nigeria

Depression is a global burden and one of the most challenging mental health conditions to control. Using the BDI questionnaire, experts can detect its severity early, administer appropriate medication to patients, and impede its progression. Owing to the fear of potential stigmatization, many patients turn to social media platforms such as Reddit for advice and assistance at various stages of their journey. This research extracts text from Reddit to facilitate the diagnostic process, employs a proposed labelling approach to categorize the text, and subsequently fine-tunes the Longformer model. The model’s performance is compared against the baseline models, including Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and Gradient Boosting. Our findings reveal that the Longformer model outperforms the baseline models in both English (48%) and Luganda (45%) languages on a custom-made dataset.

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Screening cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation: A deep learning model based on retinal fundus photographs

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Heart Rhythm O2 2025年第5期6卷 678-686页

作者： Wang, Zhen Li, Mingxiao Xia, Peng Jiang, Chao Shen, Ting Ma, Jiaming Bai, Yu Zhang, Suhui Lai, Yiwei Li, Sitong Xu, Hui Xu, Yang Ma, Tong Ju, Lie He, Liu Dong, Li Sang, Caihua Long, Deyong Chen, Yuzhong Du, Xin Ge, Zongyuan Dong, Jianzeng Wei, Wen-Bin Ma, Changsheng Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China Engineering Research Center of Medical Devices for Cardiovascular Diseases Ministry of Education Capital Medical University Beijing China National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing China Beijing Airdoc Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States School of Clinical Medicine Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science Beijing China Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China Monash e-Research Center Monash University Clayton Australia

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a higher risk of cognitive impairment (CI). However, complexity of CI diagnosis and lack of simple screening approaches limited early screening and intervention of CI in AF patients. Objective: Our study aimed to develop deep learning models based on fundus photographs for easy screening of CI in AF patients. Methods: From May 2021 to April 2023, patients who completed fundus examination and cognitive function evaluation in the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study were included. The training and validation sets were randomly split at an 8:2 ratio. Participants from the Beijing Eye Study served as the external validation set. Different deep learning models were trained, and their CI detection ability was validated. Results: A total of 899 patients in the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study were included. In the validation set, the vision-ensemble model based on fundus images alone had an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.855 (95% confidence interval 0.816–0.894) for CI screening. The multimodal model (AUROC 0.861, 95% confidence interval 0.823–0.898), based on fundus photographs and 4 clinical variables, performed comparably to the vision-ensemble model. The AUROC of the vision-ensemble model for CI screening achieved 0.773 (95% confidence interval 0.709–0.837) in the external test set. In the saliency map, the vision-ensemble model focused on areas around retinal vessels and the optic disc. Conclusion: A vision-ensemble model based on fundus images might be practical for preliminary screening of CI in AF patients. © 2025 Heart Rhythm Society

关键词： Artificial intelligence Atrial fibrillation Cognitive impairment Deep learning Fundus photography

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Giant Thermomechanical Bandgap engineering in Quasi-two-dimensional Tellurium

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hussain, Naveed Ahmed, Shehzad Tep, Hüseyin U. Ullah, Kaleem Shahzad, Khurram Wu, Hui Shcherbakov, Maxim R. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Guangdong518060 China Micro and Nano-Technology Program School of Natural and Applied Sciences Middle East Technical University Ankara06800 Turkey Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19711 United States Department of Physics Middle East Technical University Ankara06800 Turkey

Mechanical straining-induced bandgap modulation in two-dimensional (2D) materials has been confined to volatile and narrow modulation due to substrate slippage and poor strain transfer. We report the thermomechanical modulation of the inherent bandgap in quasi-2D tellurium nanoflakes (TeNFs) via non-volatile strain induction during hot-press synthesis. We leveraged the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between TeNFs and growth substrates by maintaining a high-pressure enforced non-slip condition during thermal relaxation (623 to 300K) to achieve the optimal biaxial compressive strain of -4.6 percent in TeNFs/sapphire. This resulted in an enormous bandgap modulation of 2.3 eV, at a rate of up to ~600 meV/%, which is two-fold larger than reported modulation rate. Strained TeNFs display robust band-to-band radiative excitonic blue photoemission with an intrinsic quantum efficiency (IQE) of c.a. 79.9%, making it promising for energy efficient blue LEDs and nanolasers. Computational studies reveal that biaxial compressive strain inhibits exciton-exciton annihilation by evading van-Hove singularities, hence promoting radiative-recombination. Bandgap modulation by such nonvolatile straining is scalable to other 2D semiconductors for on-demand nano(opto)-electronics. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy gap

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