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Two Birds With One Stone: Enhancing Communication and Sensing via Multi-Functional RIS

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ni, Wanli Wang, Wen Zheng, Ailing Wang, Peng You, Changsheng Eldar, Yonina C. Niyato, Dusit Schober, Robert The Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China The Pervasive Communications Center Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China The Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China The Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Israel The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Erlangen91054 Germany

In this article, we propose new network architectures that integrate multi-functional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MF-RISs) into 6G networks to enhance both communication and sensing capabilities. Firstly, we elaborate how to leverage MF-RISs for improving communication performance in different communication modes including unicast, mulitcast, and broadcast and for different multi-access schemes. Next, we emphasize synergistic benefits of integrating MF-RISs with wireless sensing, enabling more accurate and efficient target detection in 6G networks. Furthermore, we present two schemes that utilize MF-RISs to enhance the performance of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). We also study multi-objective optimization to achieve the optimal trade-off between communication and sensing performance. Finally, we present numerical results to show the performance improvements offered by MF-RISs compared to conventional RISs in ISAC. We also outline key research directions for MF-RIS under the ambition of 6G. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reconfigurable architectures

Thermodynamic Energy Cost and Bit Error Rate of Imperfect Transmitters in Molecular Communication

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Thermodynamic Energy Cost and Bit Error Rate of Imperfect Tr...

IEEE Conference on Global Communications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Dongliang Jing Lin Lin Andrew W. Eckford College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Yangling China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science York University Toronto Ontario Canada

In some molecular communication (MC) designs, signaling molecules are held in reservoirs of different concentrations. This paper explores two thermodynamic implications of creating such a transmitter. First, it requires energy to generate reservoirs at different concentrations, since their chemical potential is different from the environment. Second, it requires an enormous energy cost to create a pure (or nearly pure) reservoir, so the transmitter is necessarily imperfect. Drawing from the Maxwell's Demon thought experiment, we consider the separation of an environmental mixture into reservoirs of differing concentrations, which requires free energy, but which allows information to be encoded in the difference of concentration. Both theoretical and simulation results indicate that the performance of the transmitter is positively correlated with the amount of consumed free energy. Furthermore, our simulation results indicate that there may be a fundamental thermodynamic tradeoff between energy per bit and bit error rate in MC.

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Enhancing Resilience of Power Systems with Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System

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Enhancing Resilience of Power Systems with Fuel Cell-Battery...

Power science and Technology (ICPST), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Mingjian Tuo Muhoza Bertrand Cunzhi Zhao Mulan Zhang Hubei Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Power Battery Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan China College of Electrical & Information Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan China Department of Engineering and Computer Science McNeese State University Lake Charles Louisiana USA Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Train and Electronics Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan China

ISBN: (数字)9798350349030

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349047

The increasing penetration level of renewable energy resources (RES) has introduced a significant challenge on system frequency dynamics management. Batteries with fast dynamic response are widely used to regulate frequency fluctuation. Considering the degradation of batteries during constant charging and discharging process, it is practical to combine battery with other energy storage to support primary frequency. This paper investigates how hybrid energy storage system including fuel cell (FC) as main and battery as complementary power resources power source can be used to guarantee the frequency stability following the worst contingency while ensuring operational economy. A novel enhanced resilience constrained unit commitment (ER-SCUC) model is proposed to achieve efficient and coordinated utilization of battery energy storage system (BESS) and hydrogen energy storage system (HESS). The economic and low-carbon complementarity between green hydrogen and blue hydrogen are introduced. A case study of a modified IEEE-24 system demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed ER-SCUC model.

关键词： Fluctuations Power system dynamics Fuel cells Power system stability Green hydrogen Hybrid power systems Stability analysis

Enhancing Visual Surveillance on Smart Ships Through Integrated Image Deblurring and Object Detection

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Feng, Hui Guo, Jundong Xu, Haixiang Du, Zhe Zhang, Yingju He, Yijing Cao, Guilin Ge, Shuzhi Sam Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ship Technology Wuhan University of Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Energy Power Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430063 China Wuhan University of Technology China Key Laboratory of High Performance Ship Technology of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430063 China Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117576 Singapore

Smart ships commonly utilize visual measurement units, such as cameras, for environmental perception in the maritime domain, aimed at achieving advanced navigation capabilities. Characterized by the influence of wind, wave, and ocean current, smart ships navigating on maritime environment frequently encounter sway and motion disturbances, which subsequently introduce uncertainties to visual sensors, notably leading to motion blur in captured images. In order to mitigate the detrimental impact of motion blur on the visual obstacle detection algorithm employed in smart ships, we introduce IDD-GAN. Unlike conventional approaches, which treat motion deblurring and object detection as separate tasks, IDD-GAN integrates both processes, enabling end-to-end training and prediction through the use of generative adversarial networks. To address varying scales of motion blur caused by different levels of sensor interference, we have developed a multi-scale deblurring discriminator. Empirical results demonstrate the capability to achieve high-performance objectdetection even under conditions of motion blur. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ships

Mixture of Experts for Intelligent Networks: A Large Language Model-enabled Approach

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Mixture of Experts for Intelligent Networks: A Large Languag...

International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC

作者： Hongyang Du Guangyuan Liu Yijing Lin Dusit Niyato Jiawen Kang Zehui Xiong Dong In Kim School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and System Integration of IoT Ministry of Education Guangzhou China Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing Guangzhou China Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350361261

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361278

Optimizing various wireless user tasks poses a significant challenge for networking systems because of the expanding range of user requirements. Despite advancements in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), the need for customized optimization tasks for individual users complicates developing and applying numerous DRL models, leading to substantial computation resource and energy consumption and can lead to inconsistent outcomes. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach utilizing a Mixture of Experts (MoE) framework, augmented with Large Language Models (LLMs), to analyze user objectives and constraints effectively, select specialized DRL experts, and weigh each decision from the participating experts. Specifically, we develop a gate network to oversee the expert models, allowing a collective of experts to tackle a wide array of new tasks. Furthermore, we innovatively substitute the traditional gate network with an LLM, leveraging its advanced reasoning capabilities to manage expert model selection for joint decisions. Our proposed method reduces the need to train new DRL models for each unique optimization problem, decreasing energy consumption and AI model implementation costs. The LLMenabled MoE approach is validated through a general maze navigation task and a specific network service provider utility maximization task, demonstrating its effectiveness and practical applicability in optimizing complex networking systems.

关键词： Wireless communication Energy consumption Navigation Computational modeling Logic gates Probability Throughput

Performance optimization of microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater treatment and sustainable Bio-H2 production using response surface methodology (RSM)

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2022年第34期47卷 15464-15479页

作者： Chandrasekhar, Abudukeremu Kadier ab Junying Wang ab K. Wang, Junying Chandrasekhar, K. Abdeshahian, Peyman Islam, M. Amirul Ghanbari, Farshid Bajpai, Mukul Katoch, Surjit Singh Bhagawati, Prashant Basavaraj Li, Hui Kalil, Mohd Sahaid Hamid, Aidil Abdul Abu Hasan, Hassimi Ma, Peng-Cheng [a]Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China [b]Center of Material and Opto-electronic Research University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China [c]School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea [d]Department of Biotechnology Engineering School of Lorena University of São Paulo São Paulo 12602-810 Brazil [e]Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada [f]Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC) Abadan University of Medical Sciences Abadan Iran [g]Environmental Engineering Lab Civil Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Hamirpur Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh 177005 India [h]Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology Ashta Maharashtra 416301 India [i]Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment National University of Malaysia (UKM) UKM Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia [j]School of Biosciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology National University of Malaysia (UKM) UKM Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia [k]Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment National University of Malaysia (UKM) UKM Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are a new bio-electrochemical method for converting organic matter to hydrogen gas (H-2). Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is hazardous wastewater that is mostly formed during the crude oil extraction process in the palm oil industry. In the present study, POME was used in the MEC system for hydrogen generation as a feasible treatment technology. To enhance biohydrogen generation from POME in the MEC, an empirical model was generated using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was utilized to perform twenty experimental runs of MEC given three important variables, namely incubation temperature, initial pH, and influent dilution rate. Experimental results from CCD showed that an average value of 1.16 m(3) H-2/m(3) d for maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) was produced. A second-order polynomial model was adjusted to the experimental results from CCD. The regression model showed that the quadratic term of all variables tested had a highly significant effect (P < 0.01) on maximum HPR as a defined response. The analysis of the empirical model revealed that the optimal conditions for maximum HPR were incubation temperature, initial pH, and influent dilution rate of 30.23 ?, 6.63, and 50.71%, respectively. Generated regression model predicted a maximum HPR of 1.1659 m(3) H-2/m(3) d could be generated under optimum conditions. Confirmation experimentation was conducted in the optimal conditions determined. Experimental results of the validation test showed that a maximum HPR of 1.1747 m(3) H-2/m(3) d was produced. (c) 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) Hydrogen production Palm oil mill effluent (POME) Wastewater Optimization Response surface methodology (RSM)

Diffusion-Driven Semantic Communication for Generative Models with Bandwidth Constraints

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Guo, Lei Chen, Wei Sun, Yuxuan Ai, Bo Pappas, Nikolaos Quek, Tony State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing Jiaotong University China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore Singapore

Diffusion models have been extensively utilized in AI-generated content (AIGC) in recent years, thanks to the superior generation capabilities. Combining with semantic communications, diffusion models are used for tasks such as denoising, data reconstruction, and content generation. However, existing diffusion-based generative models do not consider the stringent bandwidth limitation, which limits its application in wireless communication. This paper introduces a diffusion-driven semantic communication framework with advanced VAE-based compression for bandwidth-constrained generative model. Our designed architecture utilizes the diffusion model, where the signal transmission process through the wireless channel acts as the forward process in diffusion. To reduce bandwidth requirements, we incorporate a downsampling module and a paired upsampling module based on a variational auto-encoder with reparameterization at the receiver to ensure that the recovered features conform to the Gaussian distribution. Furthermore, we derive the loss function for our proposed system and evaluate its performance through comprehensive experiments. Our experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in pixel-level metrics such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and semantic metrics like learned perceptual image patch similarity (LPIPS). These enhancements are more profound regarding the compression rates and SNR compared to deep joint source-channel coding (DJSCC). Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bandwidth

A Tutorial on Extremely Large-Scale MIMO for 6G: Fundamentals, Signal Processing, and Applications

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Zhe Zhang, Jiayi Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Cui, Shuguang Ai, Bo Debbah, Mérouane Letaief, Khaled B. Poor, H. Vincent The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Shenzhen518172 China The Department of Broadband Communication Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518000 China The Center for 6G Technology The Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Hong Kong The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO), which offers vast spatial degrees of freedom, has emerged as a potentially pivotal enabling technology for the sixth generation (6G) of wireless mobile networks. With its growing significance, both opportunities and challenges are concurrently manifesting. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of research on XL-MIMO wireless systems. In particular, we introduce four XL-MIMO hardware architectures: uniform linear array (ULA)-based XL-MIMO, uniform planar array (UPA)-based XL-MIMO utilizing either patch antennas or point antennas, and continuous aperture (CAP)-based XL-MIMO. We comprehensively analyze and discuss their characteristics and interrelationships. Following this, we introduce several electromagnetic characteristics and general distance boundaries in XL-MIMO. Given the distinct electromagnetic properties of near-field communications, we present a range of channel models to demonstrate the benefits of XL-MIMO. We further discuss and summarize signal processing schemes for XL-MIMO. It is worth noting that the low-complexity signal processing schemes and deep learning empowered signal processing schemes are reviewed and highlighted to promote the practical implementation of XL-MIMO. Furthermore, we explore the interplay between XL-MIMO and other emergent 6G technologies. Finally, we outline several compelling research directions for future XL-MIMO wireless communication systems. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： MIMO systems

Integrated Pockels Laser

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Mingxiao Chang, Lin Wu, Lue Staffa, Jeremy Ling, Jingwei Javid, Usman A. He, Yang Lopez-Rios, Raymond Xue, Shixin Morin, Theodore J. Shen, Boqiang Wang, Heming Zeng, Siwei Zhu, Lin Vahala, Kerry J. Bowers, John E. Lin, Qiang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Institute of Optics University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies Clemson University ClemsonSC29634 United States

The development of integrated semiconductor lasers has miniaturized traditional bulky laser systems, enabling a wide range of photonic applications. A progression from pure III-V based lasers to III-V/external cavity structures has harnessed low-loss waveguides in different material systems, leading to significant improvements in laser coherence and stability. Despite these successes, however, key functions remain absent. In this work, we address a critical missing function by integrating the Pockels effect into a semiconductor laser. Using a hybrid integrated III-V/Lithium Niobate structure, we demonstrate several essential capabilities that have not existed in previous integrated lasers. These include a record-high frequency modulation speed of 2 exahertz/s (2.0×1018 Hz/s) and fast switching at 50 MHz, both of which are made possible by integration of the electro-optic effect. Moreover, the device co-lases at infrared and visible frequencies via the second-harmonic frequency conversion process, the first such integrated multi-color laser. Combined with its narrow linewidth and wide tunability, this new type of integrated laser holds promise for many applications including LiDAR, microwave photonics, atomic physics, and AR/VR. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semiconductor lasers