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arXiv 2023年

作者： Longo, Luca Brcic, Mario Cabitza, Federico Choi, Jaesik Confalonieri, Roberto Ser, Javier Del Guidotti, Riccardo Hayashi, Yoichi Herrera, Francisco Holzinger, Andreas Jiang, Richard Khosravi, Hassan Lecue, Freddy Malgieri, Gianclaudio Páez, Andrés Samek, Wojciech Schneider, Johannes Speith, Timo Stumpf, Simone The Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Load Research Lab Technological University Dublin Ireland University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Croatia University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant’Ambrogio Milan Italy Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology Korea Republic of INEEJI Corporation Korea Republic of Department of Mathematics University of Padua Italy Derio Spain Bilbao Spain University of Pisa Pisa Italy Department of Computer Science Meiji University Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence DaSCI Andalusian Institute in Data Science & Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain Human-Centered AI Lab University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University United Kingdom The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Sophia Antipolis France eLaw Center for Law and Digital Technologies Leiden University Netherlands Department of Philosophy Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Center for Research & Formation in Artificial Intelligence Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Department of Information Systems and Computer Science University of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Department of Philosophy University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Center for Perspicuous Computing Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany School of Computing Science University of Glasgow United Kingdom

As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research with practical and ethical benefits across various domains. This paper not only highlights the advancements in XAI and its application in real-world scenarios but also addresses the ongoing challenges within XAI, emphasizing the need for broader perspectives and collaborative efforts. We bring together experts from diverse fields to identify open problems, striving to synchronize research agendas and accelerate XAI in practical applications. By fostering collaborative discussion and interdisciplinary cooperation, we aim to propel XAI forward, contributing to its continued success. Our goal is to put forward a comprehensive proposal for advancing XAI. To achieve this goal, we present a manifesto of 27 open problems categorized into nine categories. These challenges encapsulate the complexities and nuances of XAI and offer a road map for future research. For each problem, we provide promising research directions in the hope of harnessing the collective intelligence of interested stakeholders. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Ethical technology

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Process simulation of Multi-layer and Multi-channel Selective Laser Melt of Al2O3 Ceramics Based on Temperature Field

Process simulation of Multi-layer and Multi-channel Selectiv...

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作者： Xiaobing Chen Quan Sun Quanping Sun Haibing Wu Chang Zhang Key Lab of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Jiangsu Province Huaiyin Institute of Technology Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology

Based on the temperature field theory and ANSYS software, the simulation model of AlO ceramics selective laser melting（SLM） temperature field of multi-layer and multi-channel was established, and the analysis process of SLM temperature field simulation was *** temperature distribution of AlO ceramics SLM temperature field and molten pool forming characteristics were researched. When the laser power is 105W, the scanning speed is 50mm/s and the thickness of powder layer is 0.25m, there is no remelting in adjacent molten channels in the same layer and multiple layers. Laser power and scanning speed are the main factors that whether remelting occurs in adjacent molten channels and multiple layers.

关键词： SLM Process simulation of Multi-layer and Multi-channel Selective Laser Melt of Al2O3 Ceramics Based on Temperature Field

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A perspective of twisted photonic structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Jialin Lin, Xiao Chen, Mingyuan Low, Tony Chen, Hongsheng Dai, Siyuan Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Materials Research and Education Center Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States

Moiré superlattices-twisted van der Waals (vdW) structures with small angles-are attracting increasing attention in condensed matter physics, due to important phenomena revealed therein, including unconventional superconductivity, correlated insulating states, and ferromagnetism. Moiré superlattices are typically comprised of atomic layers of vdW materials where the exotic physics arises from the quantum electronic coupling between adjacent atomic layers. Recently, moiré electronics has motivated their photonic counterparts. In addition to vdW materials, twisted photonic systems can also be comprised of metamaterials, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals, mediated by interlayer electromagnetic coupling instead. The interplay between short-ranged interlayer quantum and long-ranged electromagnetic coupling in twisted structures are expected to yield rich phenomena in nano-optics. This perspective reviews recent progress in twisted structures for nanophotonics and outlooks emerging topics, opportunities, fundamental challenges, and potential applications. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Self-Propelled Detachment upon Coalescence of Surface Bubbles

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第23期127卷 235501-235501页

作者： Pengyu Lv Pablo Peñas Hai Le The Jan Eijkel Albert van den Berg Xuehua Zhang Detlef Lohse State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 People’s Republic of China Physics of Fluids group Faculty of Science and Technology Max Planck—University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics MESA+Institute and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede Netherlands BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Max Planck—University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics Mathematics and Computer Science MESA+Institute University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede Netherlands Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G1H9 Canada Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization 37077 Göttingen Germany

The removal of microbubbles from substrates is crucial for the efficiency of many catalytic and electrochemical gas evolution reactions in liquids. The current work investigates the coalescence and detachment of bubbles generated from catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Self-propelled detachment, induced by the coalescence of two bubbles, is observed at sizes much smaller than those determined by buoyancy. Upon coalescence, the released surface energy is partly dissipated by the bubble oscillations, working against viscous drag. The remaining energy is converted to the kinetic energy of the out-of-plane jumping motion of the merged bubble. The critical ratio of the parent bubble sizes for the jumping to occur is theoretically derived from an energy balance argument and found to be in agreement with the experimental results. The present results provide both physical insight for the bubble interactions and practical strategies for applications in chemical engineering and renewable energy technologies like electrolysis.

关键词： Drops & bubbles

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Inferring scattering-type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Data from Atomic Force Microscopy Images

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Stanciu, Stefan G. Anton, Stefan R. Tranca, Denis E. Stanciu, George A. Ionescu, Bogdan Zalevsky, Zeev Kusnetz, Binyamin Belhassen, Jeremy Karsenty, Avi Cincotti, Gabriella Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest 313 Splaiul Independentei 060042 Romania CAMPUS Research Institute National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest 313 Splaiul Independentei 060042 Romania AI Multimedia Lab National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest 313 Splaiul Independentei 060042 Romania Faculty of Engineering Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan5290002 Israel Dept. of Applied Physic/Electro-Optics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Jerusalem College of Technology Jerusalem9116001 Israel Nanotechnology Center for Research and Education Jerusalem College of Technology Jerusalem9116001 Israel Department of Civil Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies Engineering University Roma Tre Rome Italy

Optical nanoscopy is crucial in life and materials sciences, revealing subtle cellular processes and nanomaterial properties. Scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) provides nanoscale resolution, relying on the interactions taking place between a laser beam, a sharp tip and the sample. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a fundamental part of an s-SNOM system, providing the necessary probe-sample feedback mechanisms for data acquisition. In this Letter, we demonstrate that s-SNOM data can be partially inferred from AFM images. We first show that a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model (pix2pix) can generate synthetic s-SNOM data from experimental AFM images. Second, we demonstrate that virtual s-SNOM data can be extrapolated from knowledge of the tip position and, consequently, from AFM signals. To this end, we introduce an analytical model that explains the mechanisms underlying AFM-to-s-SNOM image translation. These insights have the potential to be integrated into future physics-informed explainable AI models. The two proposed approaches generate pseudo s-SNOM data without direct optical measurements, significantly expanding access to optical nanoscopy through widely available AFM systems. This advancement holds great promise for reducing both time and costs associated with nanoscale imaging. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Near field scanning optical microscopy

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Persistent photogenerated state attained by femtosecond laser irradiation of thin Td-MoTe2

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cheng, Meixin Zhong, Shazhou Rivas, Nicolas Dekker, Tina Petruk, Ariel Alcides Gicala, Patrick Pichugin, Kostyantyn Chen, Fangchu Luo, Xuan Sun, Yuping Tsen, Adam W. Sciaini, Germán The Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid-State Physics HFIPS Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences HFIPS Hefei230031 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

Laser excitation has emerged as a means to expose hidden states of matter and promote phase transitions on demand. Such laser induced transformations are often rendered possible owing to the delivery of spatially and/or temporally manipulated light, carrying energy quanta well above the thermal background. Here, we report time-resolved broadband femtosecond (fs) transient absorption measurements on thin flakes of Weyl semimetal candidate Td-MoTe2 subjected to various levels and schemes of fs-photoexcitation. Our results reveal that impulsive fs-laser irradiation alters the interlayer behavior of the low temperature Td phase as evidenced by the persistent disappearance of its characteristic coherent 1A1≈ 13 cm–1 shear phonon mode. We found that this structural transformation withstands thermal annealing up to 500 K, although it can be reverted to the 1T’ phase by fs-laser treatment at room temperature. Our work opens the door to reversible optical control of topological properties. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transition metals

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A generative artificial intelligence framework based on a molecular diffusion model for the design of metal–organic frameworks for carbon capture

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Park, Hyun Yan, Xiaoli Zhu, Ruijie Huerta, Eliu A. Chaudhuri, Santanu Cooper, Donny Foster, Ian Tajkhorshid, Emad Data Science and Learning Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group NIH Resource Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Visualization Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Multiscale Materials and Manufacturing Lab University of Illinois Chicago ChicagoIL60607 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Computer Science University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Computational Science and Engineering Data Science and AI Department TotalEnergies EP Research & Technology USA LLC HoustonTX77002 United States Department of Biochemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit great promise for CO2 capture. However, finding the best performing materials poses computational and experimental grand challenges in view of the vast chemical space of potential building blocks. Here, we introduce GHP-MOFassemble, a generative artificial intelligence (AI), high performance framework for the rational and accelerated design of MOFs with high CO2 adsorption capacity and synthesizable linkers. GHP-MOFassemble generates novel linkers, assembled with one of three pre-selected metal nodes (Cu paddlewheel, Zn paddlewheel, Zn tetramer) into MOFs in a primitive cubic topology. GHP-MOFassemble screens and validates AI-generated MOFs for uniqueness, synthesizability, structural validity, uses molecular dynamics simulations to study their stability and chemical consistency, and crystal graph neural networks and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations to quantify their CO2 adsorption capacities. We present the top six AI-generated MOFs with CO2 capacities greater than 2m molg−1, i.e., higher than 96.9% of structures in the hypothetical MOF dataset. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Photoinduced Interlayer Dynamics in Td-MoTe2: A Broadband Pump-Probe Study

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cheng, Meixin Zhong, Shazhou Rivas, Nicolas Dekker, Tina Petruk, Ariel Alcides Gicala, Patrick Pichugin, Kostyantyn Chen, Fangchu Luo, Xuan Sun, Yuping Tsen, Adam W. Sciaini, Germán The Ultrafast electron Imaging Lab. Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid-State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

We report on time-resolved broadband transient reflectivity (tr-bb-TR) measurements performed on a bulk single crystal of Td-MoTe2 as a function of the incident pump fluence (F). Tr-bb-TR data unveil photoinduced electronic changes progressing on the sub-picosecond timescale as well as the dynamics of the coherent low-frequency 1A1 interlayer shear phonon. Our results indicate a gradual evolution of both the TR and the 1A1 Fourier intensity spectra as a function of F, ruling out the threshold-like change that has been associated with the ultrafast photoinduced Td ® 1T’ phase transition. We also observe a large redshift of the 1A1 Fourier spectral features, which suggests that large renormalization effects are taking place on interband transitions that are dielectrically susceptible to the 1A1 interlayer phonon displacement. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transition metals

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Configurable Phase Transitions in a Topological Thermal Material

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第10期127卷 105901-105901页

作者： Guoqiang Xu Ying Li Wei Li Shanhui Fan Cheng-Wei Qiu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Kent Ridge 117583 Republic of Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China GPL Photonics Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130033 China Department of Electrical Engineering and Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA

Diffusive nature of thermal transportation fundamentally restricts topological characteristics due to the absence of a sufficient parametric space with complex dimensionalities. Here, we create an orthogonal advection space with two advective pairs to reveal the unexplored topological transitions in thermal material. We demonstrate four types of configurable thermal phases, including the nontrivial dynamic-equilibrium distribution, nonchiral steplike π-phase transition, and another two trivial profiles related to the anti-parity-time symmetry nature. Our findings provide a recipe for realizing a topologically robust thermal system under arbitrary perturbations.

关键词： Diffusion Heat transfer Topological insulators Topological phase transition Metamaterials Topological materials

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Roadmap for phase change materials in photonics and beyond (vol 26, 107946, 2023)

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ISCIENCE 2023年第12期26卷 107946页

作者： Prabhathan, Patinharekandy Sreekanth, Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Teng, Jinghua Ko, Joo Hwan Yoo, Young Jin Jeong, Hyeon-Ho Lee, Yubin Zhang, Shoujun Cao, Tun Popescu, Cosmin-Constantin Mills, Brian Gu, Tian Fang, Zhuoran Chen, Rui Tong, Hao Wang, Yi He, Qiang Lu, Yitao Liu, Zhiyuan Yu, Han Mandal, Avik Cui, Yihao Ansari, Abbas Sheikh Bhingardive, Viraj Kang, Myungkoo Lai, Choon Kong Merklein, Moritz Mueller, Maximilian J. Song, Young Min Tian, Zhen Hu, Juejun Losurdo, Maria Majumdar, Arka Miao, Xiangshui Chen, Xiao Gholipour, Behrad Richardson, Kathleen A. Eggleton, Benjamin J. Sharda, Kanudha Wuttig, Matthias Singh, Ranjan Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonic Institute 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea DELL Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education of China) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China DELL School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Department of Materials Science &amp Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical &amp Computer Engineering University of Washington Washington Seattle USA Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Institute of Advanced Materials Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Nanoscale Optics Lab ECE Department University of Alberta Edmonton Canada CREOL College of Optics and Photonics University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS) School of Physics The University of Sydney New South Wales NSW 2006 Australia The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) The University of Sydney New South Wales NSW 2006 Australia Insti

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential as a platform for achieving diverse functionalities in active and reconfigurable micro-nanophotonic devices across the electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from terahertz to visible frequencies. This comprehensive roadmap reviews the material and device aspects of PCMs, and their diverse applications in active and reconfigurable micro-nanophotonic devices across the electromagnetic spectrum. It discusses various device configurations and optimization techniques, including deep learning-based metasurface design. The integration of PCMs with Photonic Integrated Circuits and advanced electric-driven PCMs are explored. PCMs hold great promise for multifunctional device development, including applications in non-volatile memory, optical data storage, photonics, energy harvesting, biomedical technology, neuromorphic computing, thermal management, and flexible electronics.

关键词： Physics Applied physics Materials application

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