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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Optimizing the balance of holes and electrons in inverted quantum dot light-emitting diodes by inserting electron transportation barrier layer

Optimizing the balance of holes and electrons in inverted qu...

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2015 SID International Symposium

作者： Jiang, Yibin Tang, Haoning Chen, Shuming Kwok, Hoi-Sing State Key Lab. on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering South University of Science and Technology of China Shenzhen518055 China

In this study, the hole-electron balance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QDLED) was tuned in order to achieve efficiency enhancement This hole-electron balance optimization was realized by inserting thin barrier layer in the electron transportation layer. Although the current density was slightly sacrificed because of the electron blocking of the barrier layer, the charge balance was improved hence leading to 123% efficiency enhancement. © 2015 SID.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

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LMAC: LTE-assisted MAC Protocol to Reduce Delay for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications

LMAC: LTE-assisted MAC Protocol to Reduce Delay for Vehicle-...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications

作者： Wenjie Hu Chiu Ngo Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University Advanced Technology Lab Samsung Research America

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364300

Reducing message delivery delay in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications is critical to the safety of drivers, but it faces great challenges since most vehicles have not equipped with wireless radios and existing ad-hoc MAC protocols are not efficient to reduce delay due to interference. In this paper, we leverage the drivers' smartphones to realize V2V Communications and propose a LTE-assisted MAC protocol (LMAC) to reduce the delay. LMAC collects all vehicles' locations via LTE and reduce the delay using two methods. First, it introduces a centralized algorithm to assign time slots for vehicles which reduces the delay due to interference and the time to wait for the assigned slots. Second, it uses vehicle locations and message spread directions to properly eliminate the redundant transmission. Simulations show that LMAC can reduce delay by more than 30% than existing methods.

关键词： Vehicles Delays Interference IEEE 802.11 Standard Topology Protocols Wireless communication

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Dispersion compensation of 40 Gb/s data by phase conjugation in slow light engineered chalcogenide and silicon photonic crystal waveguides

Dispersion compensation of 40 Gb/s data by phase conjugation...

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Iranian Conference on Electrical engineering (ICEE)

作者： Farshid Koohi-Kamali Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi Majid Ebnali-Heidari Faculty of Engineering Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Advanced Devices Simulation Lab. Tehran Iran

We report demonstration of four-wave mixing based mid-span optical phase conjugation (OPC) in short dispersion engineered slow-light chalcogenide and silicon photonic crystal waveguides for dispersion compensation of 4 ps, 40 Gb/s return to zero pseudorandom signals transmission through an 2 km of standard optical fiber link. We take into account the impact of two photon absorption, free carrier absorption, free carrier dispersion, and repetition rate effects in our numerical simulations. We achieve conversion efficiency of -28.26 and -19.68 dB between idler and probe in Si and chalcogenide OPC using a CW pump with the power of 100 mW.

关键词： Electrical engineering Conferences

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Lattice dynamics and the nature of structural transitions in organolead halide perovskites

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Physical Review B 2016年第9期94卷 094301-094301页

作者： Riccardo Comin Michael K. Crawford Ayman H. Said Norman Herron William E. Guise Xiaoping Wang Pamela S. Whitfield Ankit Jain Xiwen Gong Alan J. H. McGaughey Edward H. Sargent Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 10 Kings College Road Toronto Ontario M5S 3G4 Canada DuPont Central Research and Development Wilmington Delaware 19803 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Lab Argonne Illinois 60439 USA DuPont Electronics and Communication Technologies Wilmington Delaware 19803 USA Chemical and Engineering Materials Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Mechanical Engineering Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA

Organolead halide perovskites are a family of hybrid organic-inorganic compounds whose remarkable optoelectronic properties have been under intensive scrutiny in recent years. Here we use inelastic x-ray scattering to study low-energy lattice excitations in single crystals of methylammonium lead iodide and bromide perovskites. Our findings confirm the displacive nature of the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition, which is further shown, using neutron and x-ray diffraction, to be close to a tricritical point. Lastly, we detect quasistatic symmetry-breaking nanodomains persisting well into the high-temperature cubic phase, possibly stabilized by local defects. These findings reveal key structural properties of these materials, and also bear important implications for carrier dynamics across an extended temperature range relevant for photovoltaic applications.

关键词： Lattice dynamics Crystal structures Perovskites Neutron diffraction X-ray powder diffraction X-ray scattering

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Erratum to: A Strategy to Achieve High-Efficiency Organolead Trihalide Perovskite Solar Cells

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Journal of Electronic Materials 2016年第11期45卷 6045-6045页

作者： Shabnam Andalibi Ali Rostami Ghafar Darvish Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi Department of Electrical Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Photonics and Nanocrystal Research Lab. (PNRL) Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Advanced Devices Simulation Lab Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran

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Five-partite entanglement generation in a high-Q microresonator

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Physical Review A 2015年第4期91卷 042311-042311页

作者： Yutian Wen Xufei Wu Rongyu Li Qiang Lin Guangqiang He State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester New York 14627 USA

We propose to produce five-partite entanglement via cascaded four-wave mixing in a high-Q microresonator that may become a key to future one-way quantum computation on chip. A theoretical model is presented for the underlying continuous-variable entanglement among the generated comb modes that is expansible to more complicated scenarios. We analyze the entanglement condition when the van Loock and Furusawa criteria are violated and discuss the device parameters for potential experimental realization that may be utilized to build an integrated compact five-partite entanglement generator. The proposed approach exhibits great potential for future large-scale integrated full optical quantum computation on chip.

关键词： MICRORESONATORS (Optoelectronics) COMB filters QUANTUM computing QUANTUM systems QUANTUM states

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The 5th International Conference on Biomedical engineering and Biotechnology (ICBEB 2016) Abstracts

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BMC MEDICAL IMAGING 2016年第SUPPL 1期16卷 65-65页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of MRI Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250021 People’s Republic of China Department of Interventional Radiology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250021 People’s Republic of China College of Information Science and Technology Engr. Research Center of Digitized Textile & Fashion Tech. for Ministry of Education Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China Intelligent multimedia information processing Lab College of Software Northeastern University Shenyang Liaoning Province 110004 China Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Department of Electrical Engineering The City College of New York CUNY New York USA Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing Nanjing China School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210046 China College of Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore School of Electronic Information Shanghai Dianji University Shanghai China School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Shepherd University Shepherdstown WV 25443 USA Davis College of Agriculture Natural Resources and Design West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26505 USA State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Center of Medical Physics and Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China College of Agricultural and Life Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York NY 10012 USA Translational Imaging Division & MRI Unit Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY 10032 USA Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System & Adv

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Author Correction: Genomic footprints of activated telomere maintenance mechanisms in cancer (Dec, 10.1038/s41467-019-13824-9, 2022)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第1期13卷 1-1页

作者： Sieverling, Lina Hong, Chen Koser, Sandra D. Ginsbach, Philip Kleinheinz, Kortine Hutter, Barbara Braun, Delia M. Cortes-Ciriano, Isidro Xi, Ruibin Kabbe, Rolf Park, Peter J. Eils, Roland Schlesner, Matthias Brors, Benedikt Rippe, Karsten Jones, David T. W. Feuerbach, Lars Division of Applied Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany Division of Applied Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant 69120 Heidelberg Germany Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Division of Chromatin Networks German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Department of Chemistry Centre for Molecular Science Informatics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Chemistry Centre for Molecular Science Informatics University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA School of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Statistical Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany New BIH Digital Health Center Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Bioi

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Real-Time Multi-scale Action Detection from 3D Skeleton Data

Real-Time Multi-scale Action Detection from 3D Skeleton Data

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IEEE Workshop on Applications of computer Vision (WACV)

作者： Amr Sharaf Marwan Torki Mohamed E. Hussein Motaz El-Saban Department of Computer and Systems Engineering Alexandria University Egypt Egypt-Japan Univeristy of Science and Technology Alexandria University Microsoft Advanced Technology Lab Cairo

ISBN: (纸本)9781479966844

In this paper we introduce a real-time system for action detection. The system uses a small set of robust features extracted from 3D skeleton data. Features are effectively described based on the probability distribution of skeleton data. The descriptor computes a pyramid of sample covariance matrices and mean vectors to encode the relationship between the features. For handling the intra-class variations of actions, such as action temporal scale variations, the descriptor is computed using different window scales for each action. Discriminative elements of the descriptor are mined using feature selection. The system achieves accurate detection results on difficult unsegmented sequences. Experiments on MSRC-12 and G3D datasets show that the proposed system outperforms the state-of-the-art in detection accuracy with very low latency. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose using multi-scale description in action detection from 3D skeleton data.

关键词： Feature extraction Joints Real-time systems Three-dimensional displays Vectors Detectors

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