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IEEE Conference and Exhibition on Global Telecommunications (GLOBECOM)

作者： A. Fumagalli M. Tacca K. Wu J.-P. Vasseur Optical Networking Advanced Research (OpNeAR) Laboratory Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science University of Technology Dallas USA Cisco Systems Inc. Boxborough MA USA

MPLS-TE (traffic engineering) fast reroute proposes a local protection mechanism to reroute protected TE LSPs (label switched paths) quickly onto precomputed and signaled bypass tunnels. The paper explores the case of multiple network element failure scenarios. The undesired complexity inherent in the multiple failure scenario originates from the fact that those failure scenarios are more disruptive, and may require multiple bypass tunnels to cope with them. The paper adapts the MPLS local recovery schemes to multi-failure scenarios, while controlling the number of bypass tunnels that are required. This is achieved by mapping multi-failure scenarios onto probable failure patterns (PFPs). PFPs are characterized by their probability (or frequency) of occurrence during the network lifetime. A number of bypass tunnels is then computed to cope effectively with the PFPs according to their frequency or probability of occurrence. It is shown that by properly choosing how the PFPs are grouped, and how the corresponding bypass tunnels are computed, it is possible to trade the required number of bypass tunnels for their average length and outage probability, i.e., the probability that the local recovery scheme cannot cope with the occurrence of a multi-failure pattern.

关键词： Intelligent networks Multiprotocol label switching Tellurium Protection Telecommunication traffic Frequency Optical fiber networks Laboratories computer science Mission critical systems

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Interaction Balance Method for Large-scale Industrial Processes With Fuzzy Constraints 1

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2004年第11期37卷 423-428页

作者： Jia-Chen GU Bai-Wu WAN Xiao-E RUAN Automation Research and Design Institute of Metallurgical industry Beijing P R China Systems Engineering Institute State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi ‘an Jiaotong University Xi'an R R China Dept.of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Faculty of Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P.R.China

The interaction balance method (IBM) with fuzzy constraints is proposed for large-scale industrial processes under hierarchical steady-state optimization with the consideration of the model-reality difference and the constraints of subprocesses being flexible. In this approach, the models that are treated as equality constraints and the inequality constraints of the subprocesses are all fuzzified. Two cases of interaction balance method are studied: the open-loop IBM and the IBM with global feedback. Simulation results show that the solutions of the proposed method with global feedback are very close to the optimal solutions of the real process.

关键词： Fuzzy models large-scale systems coordination constraints hierarchical control

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A method for dealing with assignment ambiguity

A method for dealing with assignment ambiguity

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： S.J. Julier J.K. Uhlmann D. Nicholson ITT AES Naval Research Laboratory Inc. Washington D.C. DC USA Department of Computer Engineering & Computer Science University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre Bristol UK

Many landmark-based navigation systems suffer from the problem of assignment ambiguity: the navigation system receives a measurement from a landmark, but the identity of the landmark is not uniquely known. This uncertainty is frequently addressed by attempting to identify the landmark which caused the measurements. Two common approaches are the nearest neighbour and multiple hypothesis tracking methods. However, the nearest neighbour method is notoriously unreliable and the multiple hypothesis method can only be implemented in real time for a small number of hypotheses. We consider an alternative approach for assignment ambiguity which uses the covariance union (CU) algorithm. Every potential assignment is used to generate an estimate. CU is applied to the set of estimates. Providing the true assignment is included within the set, the unioned estimate is guaranteed to be consistent. We provide a theoretical development of CU, describe a method for computing its value, and illustrate its performance in a nonlinear navigation example.

关键词： Navigation Remotely operated vehicles Vehicle detection Laser modes Machine vision computer vision Application software Space vehicles Mobile robots Space exploration

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Development of high power RF MEMS switches

Development of high power RF MEMS switches

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International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings

作者： J.S. Hong S.G. Tan Z. Cui L. Wang R.B. Greed D.C. Voyce Department of Electrical Electronic & Computer Engineering Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh UK Central Microstructure Facility Rutherford and Appleton Laboratory Didcot UK Advanced Technology Research & Development Center BAE SYSTEMS Chelmsford Essex UK

This paper reports on recent developments of high power RF MEMS switch. An approach using a matrix of switching elements for the development is introduced. The design and modelling of a 2 /spl times/ 2 RF MEMS switch ... 详细信息

关键词： Radiofrequency microelectromechanical systems Switches Communication switching Radio frequency Insertion loss Bridge circuits Electrodes Microwave devices Power engineering computing Power engineering and energy

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New Trend in Control of Steady-state Large-scale systems *

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2004年第11期37卷 455-460页

作者： Bai-Wu WAN Ding LIU Xiaoe RUAN Institute of Systems Engineering State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University P.R. China School of Automation Xi'an University of Technology P.R.China Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 373-7 Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Korea Faculty of Science Xi'an Jiaotong University P.R.China

This paper reviews what the first Author and his Group have been investigating for the past decade in the on-line steady-state hierarchical intelligent control and optimization of large-scale industrial processes (LSIP), as well as large-scale systems (LSS). The techniques include the use of neural networks for identification and optimization, the use of expert systems to solve some kinds of hierarchical multi-objective optimization problems, the use of the fuzzy logic control and the use of the iterative learning control. In addition, several implementation examples and the product quality control for LSS are introduced. Finally the paper prospects the new stages of development.

关键词： Large-scale systems industrial control intelligent control optimization quality control

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Using a non-prior training active feature model

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2004年 3333卷 69-78页

作者： Kim, Sangjin Kang, Jinyoung Shin, Jeongho Lee, Seongwon Paik, Joonki Kang, Sangkyu Abidi, Besma Abidi, Mongi Department of Image Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science Multimedia and Film Chung-Ang University 221 Huksuk-Dong Tongjak-Ku Seoul 156-756 Korea Republic of Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 27996-2100 United States

This paper presents a feature point tracking algorithm using optical flow under the non-prior training active feature model (NPT-AFM) framework. The proposed algorithm mainly focuses on analysis of deformable objects, and provides real-time, robust tracking. The proposed object tracking procedure can be divided into two steps: (i) optical flow-based tracking of feature points and (ii) NPT-AFM for robust tracking. In order to handle occlusion problems in object tracking, feature points inside an object are estimated instead of its shape boundary of the conventional active contour model (ACM) or active shape model (ASM), and are updated as an element of the training set for the AFM. The proposed NPT-AFM framework enables the tracking of occluded objects in complicated background. Experimental results show that the proposed NPT-AFM-based algorithm can track deformable objects in real-time. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

关键词： Optical flows

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A cost-effective usability evaluation progression for novel interactive systems

A cost-effective usability evaluation progression for novel ...

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)

作者： D. Hix J.L. Gabbard J.E. Swan M.A. Livingston T.H. Hollerer S.J. Julier Y. Baillot D. Brown Systems Research Center Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Naval Research Laboratory Virtual Reality Laboratory Washington D.C. DC USA Department of Computer Science University of California CA USA ITT Advanced Engineering and Sciences Alexandria VA USA

This paper reports on user interface design and evaluation for a mobile, outdoor, augmented reality (AR) application. This novel system, called the battlefield augmented reality system (BARS), supports information presentation and entry for situation awareness in an urban war fighting setting. To our knowledge, this is the first time extensive use of usability engineering has been systematically applied to development of a real-world AR system. Our BARS team has applied a cost-effective progression of usability engineering activities from the very beginning of BARS development. We discuss how we first applied cycles of structured expert evaluations to BARS user interface development, employing user interface mockups representing occluded (non-visible) objects. Then we discuss how results of these evaluations informed our subsequent user-based statistical evaluations and formative evaluations, and present these evaluations and their outcomes. Finally, we discuss how and why this sequence of types of evaluation is cost-effective.

关键词： Usability Interactive systems Bars Laboratories User interfaces Augmented reality Application software Virtual reality Costs Knowledge engineering

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DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH POWER RF MEMS SWITCHES

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH POWER RF MEMS SWITCHES

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第四届国际微波与毫米波技术会议

作者： J.-S. Hong S. G. Tan Z. Cui L. Wang R. B. Greed D. C. Voyce Department of Electrical Electronic & Computer Engineering Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH144AS U.K. Department of Electrical Electronic & Computer Engineering Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH144AS U.K. Central Microstructure Facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot U.K. Central Microstructure Facility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot U.K. Advanced Technology Research Centre BAE SYSTEMS Great Baddow Chelmsford Essex CM2 8HN U.K. Advanced Technology Research Centre BAE SYSTEMS Great Baddow Chelmsford Essex CM2 8HN U.K.

关键词： DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH POWER RF MEMS SWITCHES POWER

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Parallelizing parallel rollout algorithm for solving markov decision processes

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International Workshop on OpenMP Applications and Tools, WOMPAT 2003

作者： Kim, Seon Wook Chang, Hyeong Soo Advanced Computer Systems Laboratory Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sogang University Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783540404354

Parallel rollout is a formal method of combining multiple heuristic policies available to a sequential decision maker in the framework of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). The method improves the performances of all of the heuristic policies adapting to the different stochastic system trajectories. From an inherent multi-level parallelism in the method, in this paper we propose a parallelized version of parallel rollout algorithm, and evaluate its performance on a multi-class task scheduling problem by using OpenMP and MPI programming model. We analyze and compare the performance in two versions of parallelized codes, e.g., OpenMP and MPI on several execution environment. We show that the performance using OpenMP API is higher than MPI due to lower overhead in data synchronization across processors. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

关键词： Markov processes

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OpenMP and compilation issue in embedded applications

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International Workshop on OpenMP Applications and Tools, WOMPAT 2003

作者： Oh, Jaegeun Kim, Seon Wook Kim, Chulwoo Advanced Computer Systems Laboratory Korea University Korea Republic of Integrated System and Processor Laboratory Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783540404354

Currently embedded systems become more and more important and widely applied to everywhere around us, such as a mobile phone, a PDA, an HDTV, and so on. In this paper, we applied OpenMP to non-traditional benchmarks, i.e. embedded applications in order to examine the applicability of OpenMP in this area. We parallelized embedded benchmarks, called EEMBC, consisting of 5 categories and total 34 applications, and measure their performance in detail. From experiment, we could find 90 parallel sections in 17 applications, but we achieved speedup only in four applications. Since embedded applications consists of a chunk of small loops, we could not get speedup due to large parallelization overheads such as thread management and instruction overheads. Also we show that the OpenMP-inserted parallel code size is much larger than a serial version due to multithreaded libraries, which is critical to embedded systems because of their limited size of memory systems. We discuss an identified critical, but a trivial problem in the current OpenMP specification when we applied OpenMP to these applications. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

关键词： Embedded systems

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