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1st Indo-Japan Conference on Perception and Machine Intelligence, PerMIn 2012

作者： Bandyopadhyay, Asok Mukherjee, Bhaswati Chaudhuri, Bidyut Baran Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Plot-E2/1 Block GP Salt Lake Kolkata-700091 India Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute 203 B.T. Road Kolkata-700108 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783642273865

Character recognition (Printed and Handwritten) system has become an extremely useful tool in Human Computer Interaction. Handwriting is a complex perceptual motor task generating linguistic information. Characters reflect shape distinction needed to perceive different phonetic information of words. We have explored 'perceptual processes' of character recognition for developing a cognitive model. Especially, we tried to extract the Perceptual Anchorage Points in the character. An experiment was performed to identify Perceptual anchorage points in a character both for handwritten as well as printed character of different Bangla script fonts including fonts used in Bangladesh. A set of important points and shapes has been found in the experiment. It is noted that deletion of these regions from characters greatly reduces the human cognition of characters. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Character recognition

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Estimation of facial expression intensity from a sequence of binary face images

Estimation of facial expression intensity from a sequence of...

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International Conference on Image Information Processing

作者： Chandrani Saha Kuntal Ghosh Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Kolkata India Machine Intelligence Unit and Centre for Soft Computing Research Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

This paper presents a method of estimation of facial expression intensity from a sequence of binary facial images obtained from video. The binarization has been done using a neuro-visual model of figure ground segregation. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is taken as characteristic feature of a face with expression. This pattern gets evolved in the temporal domain over the sequence. The dynamics of the pattern, starting from a neutral face, is characterised by Hausdorff distance. Back Propagation (BP) Neural Networks are trained to estimate the expression intensity level of the basic expressions.

关键词： Face Estimation Humans Information processing Facial features Psychology Video sequences

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Thermal relaxation error on QKD: Effect and A Probable Bypass

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Aziz, Munsi Afif Gond, Bishwajit Prasad Nandi, Srijita Ray, Soujanya Bhoumik, Debasmita Majumdar, Ritajit Department of Computer Science & Engineering Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology India National Institute of Technology Sikkim India Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

Quantum cryptography was proposed as a counter to the capacity of quantum computers to break classical cryptosystems. A broad subclass of quantum cryptography, called quantum key distribution (QKD), relies on quantum mechanical process for secure distribution of the keys. Quantum channels are inherently noisy, and therefore these protocols will be susceptible to noise as well. In this paper, we study the performance of two QKD protocols - BB84 and E91 under thermal relaxation error. We show that while E91 protocol loses its security immediately due to loss of entanglement, the performance of BB84 protocol reduces to random guessing with increasing time. Next, we consider the action of an Eve on the BB84 protocol under thermal relaxation noise, who is restricted to guessing the outcome of the protocol only. Under this restriction, we show that Eve can still do better than random guessing when equipped with the characteristics of the noisy channel. Finally, we propose a modification of the BB84 protocol which retains the security of the original protocol, but ensures that Eve cannot get any advantage in guessing the outcome, even with a complete channel information. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Flare reduction in EUV Lithography by perturbation of wire segments

Flare reduction in EUV Lithography by perturbation of wire s...

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IFIP International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC)

作者： Sudipta Paul Pritha Banerjee Susmita Sur-Kolay Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of Calcutta India Advance Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

With growing demand for complex and high density integrated chips (IC), optical lithography with 193 nm immersion technology has become a bottleneck in the chip manufacturing industry. IC fabrication industry is looking forward to next generation lithography methods, for example, Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). While EUVL is capable of printing with a wavelength of 13.5 nm, it suffers from a major drawback called flare, due to the scattering of light on blank surfaces. Large flare and/or its large variation cause critical dimension (CD) violations. In this paper, we propose an Integer Linear Programming based method to mitigate the effects of flare in the post routing step through perturbation of wire segments. Experimental results on a set of synthetic circuits show significant reduction of flare and its standard deviation across the chip surface.

关键词： Layout Wires Ultraviolet sources Lithography Standards Optical distortion Optical surface waves

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Length-based anchor-free distributed localization in a covered sensor network

Length-based anchor-free distributed localization in a cover...

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International Conference on Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks

作者： B. Sau K. Mukhopadhyaya Kolkata under Faculty Improvement Programme (FIP) University Grant Commission Government of India Jadavpur University India Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9781424433278

Centralized localization dissipates a lot of energy in pooling the proximity information of the individual nodes. In contrast a distributed algorithm usually uses only local information at each node. Most localization algorithms available in the literature are are anchor based or they estimate the position of the sensors at the cost of losing accuracy. In this paper, we propose an anchor-free length-based distributed localization technique under a restricted model which solves a specialized case of this problem. The model assumes that all known distances between the sensors are less than the communication range of the sensors and all unknown distances are greater. We also assume that communication range is at least twice as much as the sensing range. Every point in the field of interest is assumed to be covered by some sensor. Each sensor localizes some of its neighbours with information from its neighbours. Each node communicates information for localization to its neighbours only; thus reducing traffic over the network. We also show that, the time required to localize all sensors uniquely under this model is linear in the number of sensors.

关键词： Monitoring Wireless sensor networks Network topology Telecommunication traffic Hardware Computer networks Distributed computing microelectronics Mathematics User-generated content

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Error mitigated quantum circuit cutting

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Majumdar, Ritajit Wood, Christopher J. Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute India IBM Quantum IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY10598 United States

We investigate an error mitigated tomographic approach to the quantum circuit cutting problem in the presence of gate and measurement noise. We explore two tomography specific error mitigation techniques;readout error mitigated conditional fragment tomography, which uses knowledge of readout errors on all cut and conditional qubit measurements in the tomography reconstruction procedure;and dominant eigenvalue truncation (DEVT), which aims to improve the performance of circuit cutting by performing truncation of the individual conditional tomography fragments used in the reconstruction. We find that the performance of both readout error mitigated tomography and DEVT tomography are comparable for circuit cutting in the presence of symmetric measurement errors. For gate errors our numerical results show that probability estimates for the original circuit obtained using DEVT outperforms general circuit cutting for measurement, depolarization and weakly biased Pauli noise models, but does not improve performance for amplitude damping and coherent errors, and can greatly decrease performance for highly biased Pauli noise. In cases where DEVT was effective, it as also found to improve performance of partial tomographic reconstruction using at least 50% of the full tomographic data with a conditional least-squares tomographic fitter, while linear inversion tomography with or without DEVT mitigation was found to perform poorly with with partial data. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Tomography

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Design of an optimal test pattern generator for built-in self testing of path delay faults

Design of an optimal test pattern generator for built-in sel...

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International Conference on VLSI Design

作者： D.K. Das I. Chaudhuri B.B. Bhattacharya Department of Computer Science & Engineering. Jadavpur University Calcutta India Mentor Graphics Corporation Hyderabad India Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Calcutta India

A novel design of a test pattern generator (TPG) for built-in self-testing (BIST) of path delay faults, is proposed. For an n-input CUT, the TPG generates a sequence of length (n.2/sup n/+1), that includes all n.2/sup n/ single-input-change (SIC) test pairs, and hence optimal. The generation of such a sequence of minimum length (i.e., n.2/sup n/+1) was an open problem. A simple iterative circuit of the TPG is then constructed. This provides minimum test application time for testing path delay faults, and compares favorably with the earlier BIST designs.

关键词： Test pattern generators Automatic testing Delay Circuit testing Silicon carbide Circuit faults Built-in self-test Electrical fault detection Fault detection Robustness

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Noncontiguous Channel Allocation for Multimedia Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks

Noncontiguous Channel Allocation for Multimedia Communicatio...

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作者： Bhattacharya, Ansuman Ghosh, Rabindranath Sinha, Koushik Datta, Debasish Sinha, Bhabani P. Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Shillong793003 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering St. Thomas' College of Engineering and Technolgy Kolkata700023 India Department of Computer Science Southern Illinois University Carbondale CarbondaleIL62901 United States Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur721302 India Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata700108 India

In conventional wireless systems, unless a contiguous frequency band with width at least equal to the required bandwidth is obtained, multimedia communication cannot be effected with the desired quality of service. We propose here a novel channel allocation technique to overcome this limitation in a cognitive radio network, which is based on utilizing several noncontiguous channels, each of width smaller than the required bandwidth, but whose sum equals at least the required bandwidth. We present algorithms for channel sensing, channel reservation, and channel deallocation along with transmission and reception protocols with two different implementations based on FDM-FDMA and OFDM-FDMA techniques. Simulation results for both these implementations show that the proposed technique outperforms the existing first-fit and best-fit allocation techniques in terms of the average number of attempts needed for acquiring the necessary number of channels for all traffic situations ranging from light to extremely heavy traffic. Furthermore, the proposed technique can allocate the required numbers of channels in less than 1 s with FDM-FDMA even (4.5 s with OFDM-FDMA) for 96% traffic load, while the first-fit and best-fit techniques fail to allocate any channel in such situations. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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Efficient decoding of surface code syndromes for error correction in quantum computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Bhoumik, Debasmita Sen, Pinaki Majumdar, Ritajit Sur-Kolay, Susmita Kumar, Latesh K.J. Iyengar, Sundaraja Sitharama Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala India KFSCIS Florida International University MiamiFL United States

Errors in surface code have typically been decoded by Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) based method. Recently, neural-network-based Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been employed for this purpose. Here we propose a two-level (low and high) ML-based decoding scheme, where the first level corrects errors on physical qubits and the second one corrects any existing logical errors, for different noise models. Our results show that our proposed decoding method achieves ∼ 10× and ∼ 2× higher values of pseudo-threshold and threshold respectively, than for MWPM. We show that usage of more sophisticated ML models with higher training/testing time, do not provide significant improvement in the decoder performance. Finally, data generation for training the ML decoder requires significant overhead hence lower volume of training data is desirable. We have shown that our decoder maintains a good performance with the train-test-ratio as low as 40: 60. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Error correction

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Enhancing face matching in a suitable binary environment

Enhancing face matching in a suitable binary environment

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International Conference on Image Information Processing

作者： Apurba Das Kuntal Ghosh Advanced Image Processing Laboratory Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Kolkata India Machine Intelligence Unit and Center for Soft Computing Research Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata Kolkata India

Computerized human face recognition is a complex task of deformable pattern recognition. The principal source of complexities lies in the significant inter-class overlapping of faces due to the variations caused by different poses, illuminations, and expressions (PIE). The popularly used computerized face recognition algorithms like PCA, EBGM etc. are fairly reliable to determine facial attributes from an image. But, in most of the cases the features are extracted in terms of gray textures. When the database size is tuned to millions, then huge processing time is required, as each of the pixel must be represented using at least eight bits. In the present paper, our objective is to minimize the processing time by reducing the number of bits to represent each pixel. This we have done by combining two methods. The first one is a neuro-visually inspired method of figure-ground segregation (NFGS) which can convert the entire face image into a binary 2D array, efficiently. The second one is the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) which extracts the scale invariant and rotation invariant features from the binarized face image and thereafter matches the features. The proposed algorithm is found successful in actually enhancing the performance of face matching. Psycho-visual experiments also corroborate the fact.

关键词： Face Face recognition Analysis of variance Information processing Databases Algorithm design and analysis Humans

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