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International Symposium on Electronic System Design (ISED)

作者： Tapalina Banerjee Sudip Poddar Robert Wille Bhargab B. Bhattacharya Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute University of Calcutta Kolkata India EDA-LAB National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan Institute for Integrated Circuits Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India

ISBN: (数字)9781728141770

ISBN: (纸本)9781728141787

Accurate sample preparation, an essential component in microfluidic design automation, poses a great challenge to lab-on-chip (LoC) designers. Although continuous-flow based microfluidic biochips (CFMBs) offer many advantages, the problem of achieving fast, stable, and controllable sample concentration becomes more pronounced when such chips are used. Most of the flow-based dilutions and/or mixing methods need certain settling time to ensure an output flow with stable concentration profile resulting in initial loss of fluids. Control-valve sequencing along with time management for injecting input fluids further complicates the scenario. In this paper, we address the problem of preparing a homogeneous mixture of several input-fluids with different concentration factors. We present a binary tree-based free-flowing microfluidic architecture, which obviates the need for any control valve. The passive fluidic network supports balanced hydraulic resistance along all input-output fluid paths and ensures low Reynolds number. We show that the homogeneity of mixing can be expedited by properly assigning inlets to fluids with different concentrations based on a graph-matching algorithm. The method reveals how design automation tools can be effectively used for solving a problem of fluid dynamics. Theoretical attributes of the proposed architecture, when compared with COMSOL Multiphysics based simulations, provide excellent agreement with high accuracy.

关键词： Mixers Valves Computer architecture Immune system Computer science

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Dilution with digital microfluidic biochips: How unbalanced splits corrupt target-concentration

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Poddar, Sudip Wille, Robert Rahaman, Hafizur Bhattacharya, Bhargab B. Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata700108 India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur721 302 India Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata700108 India School of VLSI Technology Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur711103 India Institute for Integrated Circuits Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

Sample preparation is an indispensable component of almost all biochemical protocols, and it involves, among others, making dilutions and mixtures of fluids in certain ratios. Recent microfluidic technologies offer suitable platforms for automating dilutions on-chip, and typically on a digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB), a sequence of (1: 1) mix-split operations is performed on fluid droplets to achieve the target concentration factor (CF) of a sample. An (1: 1) mixing model ideally comprises mixing of two unit-volume droplets followed by a (balanced) splitting into two unit-volume daughter-droplets. However, a major source of error in fluidic operations is due to unbalanced splitting, where two unequal-volume droplets are produced following a split. Such volumetric split-errors occurring in different mix-split steps of the reaction path often cause a significant drift in the target-CF of the sample, the precision of which cannot be compromised in life-critical assays. In order to circumvent this problem, several error-recovery or error-tolerant techniques have been proposed recently for DMFBs. Unfortunately, the impact of such fluidic errors on a target-CF and the dynamics of their behavior have not yet been rigorously analyzed. In this work, we investigate the effect of multiple volumetric split-errors on various target-CFs during sample preparation. We also perform a detailed analysis of the worst-case scenario, i.e., the condition when the error in a target-CF is maximized. This analysis may lead to the development of new techniques for error-tolerant sample preparation with DMFBs without using any sensing operation. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital microfluidics

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Interference Avoidance through Frequency Assignment and Association Control in IEEE 802.11 WLAN

Interference Avoidance through Frequency Assignment and Asso...

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IEEE International Symposium on Network computing and Applications

作者： Babul P. Tewari Sasthi C. Ghosh Department of Computer Science & Engineering Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College Durgapur West Bengal India Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

Very often a denser deployment of APs is required to increase the coverage and capacity in IEEE 802.11 WLAN. It increases the number of APs with overlapping coverage areas. Such overlapping eventually makes more and more clients to fall in the common coverage area of several APs. Interfering APs require different frequency channels for operation in order to avoid the co-channel interference between the APs. Two clients receiving down-link data from two non-interfering APs operating on the same frequency, may also suffer from interference, if both the clients present within the intersecting coverage area of their associating APs. This type of client interference is very common, as the number of available frequency channels is very limited. Ignorance of both types of interference may significantly overestimates the network performance while independent consideration of the frequency assignment and the association control to deal with such interferences, may lead to a sub-optimal solution. In this paper we argue that both the frequency assignment and the association control play an important role and they should be considered simultaneously to improve the overall network performance. We propose an efficient greedy algorithm that jointly deals with the frequency assignment and association control to maximize the aggregate down-link throughput while avoiding both type of interferences. Through simulation, we have shown that our proposed approach is superior than both the traditional approach of dealing with these interferences and the approach that ignores these interferences altogether.

关键词： Throughput Aggregates IEEE 802.11 Standards Frequency control Interchannel interference Channel allocation

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On the Asymmetry of Stuck-at Fault Sensitivity in Memristive Neural Architectures

On the Asymmetry of Stuck-at Fault Sensitivity in Memristive...

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IEEE International Test Conference on India (ITC India)

作者： Manobendra Nath Mondal Animesh Basak Chowdhury Santlal Prajapati Susmita Sur-Kolay Bhargab B. Bhattacharya School of Computer Science UPES Dehradun India NYU Tandon School of Engineering New York University New York U.S.A. Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute India

ISBN: (数字)9798350352597

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352603

The use of memristive crossbar-based architectures has gained traction as a potential solution for performing computationally expensive tasks such as matrix-vector multiplication and vector outer product, which require significant amount of space, time, and energy. Despite being deemed inherently fault-tolerant, memristive crossbar-based neural architecture (MCNA) may often experience accuracy degradation due to hardware faults, resulting in significant variations. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the impact of stuck-at faults (SAFs) on the accuracy of a neural network during classification or regression. Contrary to the popular belief, it is observed that the impact of stuck-at-0 (SAO) and stuck-at-l (SAl) faults are highly asymmetric with respect to the loss of accuracy. Thus this study might help in planning test strategies for the enhancement of fault immunity in memristive neural architectures.

关键词： Fault tolerance Accuracy Sensitivity Fault tolerant systems Computer architecture Automatic test pattern generation Vectors

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Finding a Largest-Area Triangle in a Terrain in Near-Linear Time

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Cabello, Sergio Das, Arun Kumar Das, Sandip Mukherjee, Joydeep Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Slovenia Institute of Mathematics Physics and Mechanics Slovenia Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute India Dept. of Computer Science Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute India

A terrain is an x-monotone polygon whose lower boundary is a single line segment. We present an algorithm to find in a terrain a triangle of largest area in O(n log n) time, where n is the number of vertices defining the terrain. The best previous algorithm for this problem has a running time of O(n2). Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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Innovative ranking strategy for IPL team formation

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Banerjee, Saptarshi Mitra, Arnabi Ganguly, Debayan Majumdar, Ritajit Chatterjee, Kingshuk Department of Computer Science and Engineering Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology

indian Premier League (IPL) is a tournament of twenty over cricket matches. Teams of this tournament are selected via an auction from a pool of players. Each team employs a think-tank to build the best possible team. Few studies have been performed to automate the process of team selection. However, those studies mostly concentrate either on the current form of the players, or their long term performance. In this paper, we have (i) selected traditional features as well as determined some derived features, which are generated from the traditional features, for batsmen and bowlers, (ii) formulated heuristics for clustering batsmen into openers, middle order batsmen and finishers, (iii) formulated heuristics for relative ranking of batsmen and bowlers considering the current performance as well as the experience of each player, and (iv) have proposed two greedy algorithms for team selection where the total credit point of the team and the number of players in each cluster is fixed. Our proposed ranking scheme and algorithm not only determines the best possible team, but can also determine the best alternate player if one of the target players is unavailable. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Design automation for biochemistry synthesis on a digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip

Design automation for biochemistry synthesis on a digital mi...

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IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

作者： Krishnendu Chakrabarty Bhargab B. Bhattacharya Ansuman Banerjee Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Advanced Computing & Microelectronic Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

Microfluidic biochips are recently being advocated for on-chip implementation of several biochemical laboratory assays or protocols [1]. Such labs-on-a-chip (LoC) have brought a complete paradigm shift in DNA analysis, toxicity grading, in molecular biology, and in drug design and delivery. This technology offers a viable and low-cost platform for reducing healthcare cost of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, for providing point-of-care (P-o-C) health services [2, 3], and for the management of bio-terrorism threats [4]. These chips are also immensely useful for rapid and accurate diagnosis of various diseases including malaria, human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and for mitigating neglected tropical diseases (NTD) prevalent in the developing countries [5].

关键词： Protocols System-on-chip Routing Laboratories Drugs Diseases Design automation

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SIMOP-A fast tool for generating optimum dilutions of microfluidic samples using simulation

SIMOP-A fast tool for generating optimum dilutions of microf...

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IEEE Distributed computing, VLSI, Electrical Circuits and Robotics (DISCOVER)

作者： Sutirtha Das Sweta Mukherjee Neha Aryani Subhashis Majumder Nilina Bera Bhargab B. Bhattacharya IIT Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra-400076 Prabandh Shikhar IIM Indore Indore ITC Infotech Bangalore Department of Computer Science and Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509016242

The technology of digital microfluidic (DMF) biochips now offers viable replacement of expensive healthcare and bio-, chemical laboratory procedures with low-cost, fully-automated, miniaturized integrated systems. Preparing dilution of a fluid sample that optimizes various parameters such as reagent-cost, mixing time, waste production, is a basic problem in the domain of algorithmic microfluidics. Most of the existing dilution algorithms used in droplet-based microfluidic systems deploy a sequence of (1 : 1) mix-split steps, where two unit-volume droplets of different concentrations are mixed, followed by a balanced split operation to obtain two equal-sized droplets. In this paper, we introduce a simulation-guided optimization procedure (SIMOP) for achieving the target concentrations with a sequence of (1 : 1) mix-split steps while optimizing multiple factors according to user-specified priority levels. The SIMOP-algorithm produces a given concentration while optimizing each criterion as desired. Experimental results favorably demonstrate the performance of the proposed method compared to BS and DMRW algorithms. The proposed procedure may find many potential applications to microfluidics such as in' biomedical engineering and healthcare services.

关键词： Electronic mail Optimization Computational modeling Medical services Chemicals Minimization Protocols

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Optimization of polymerase chain reaction on a cyberphysical digital microfluidic biochip 13

Optimization of polymerase chain reaction on a cyberphysical...

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IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

作者： Yan Luo Bhargab B. Bhattacharya Tsung-Yi Ho Krishnendu Chakrabarty Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Duke University Durham NC USA Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Computer Science and Information Engineering Department National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479910694

The amount of DNA strands available in a biological sample is a major limitation for many genomic bioanalyses. To amplify the traces of DNA strands, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used for conducting subsequent experiments. Compared to conventional instruments and analyzers, the execution of PCR on a digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) can achieve short time-to-results, low reagent consumption, rapid heating/cooling rates, and high integration of multiple processing modules. However, the PCR biochip design methods in the literature are oblivious to the inherent randomness and complexity of bioanalyses, and they do not consider the interference among on-chip devices and the cost of droplet transportation. We present, for the first time, an integrated design method to optimize the complete PCR procedure, including (i) DNA amplification and termination control, (ii) resource placement that satisfies physical constraints needed to avoid interference, and (iii) droplet transportation needed for mixing and detection. We propose a statistical model for sensor feedback-driven (cyberphysical) on-line decision making in order to optimize and control the execution sequence for DNA amplification. Next, we present a geometric algorithm for layout design to avoid device interference and reduce the cost of droplet routing. Simulation results on three laboratory protocols demonstrate that the proposed design method results in a compact layout and produces an execution sequence for efficient control of PCR operations on a cyberphysical DMFB.

关键词： DNA Reservoirs Heating Layout Transportation Electrodes Algorithm design and analysis

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A dynamic microtask scheduling approach for SLO based human-augmented computing

A dynamic microtask scheduling approach for SLO based human-...

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International Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology (RAIT)

作者： Koushik Sinha Pratham Majumder Geetha Manjunath Dept. of Computer Science Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL USA Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Data Analytics Research Lab Xerox Research Center India Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479985807

Current machine algorithms for qualitative analysis of unstructured data (in the form of social media posts, audio and video, among others) do not perform well and show low accuracies due to the need for human-like intelligence. However, machines are easily scalable, fast and the quality of their output is predictable. On the other hand, though humans are much better than machine algorithms at image and video analysis, natural language text and speech processing, they are unfortunately unpredictable, slower and can be erroneous or even malicious as computing agents. Therefore, a task execution engine which can enable human-augmented cloud computing by intelligently orchestrating machine and human computing resources would be able to provide richer and superior analytics on unstructured data than either of the two types of computing agents in isolation. We believe that a key aspect of enabling such analytics would be to provide guaranteed service level objectives, in terms of accuracy, time and budget In this paper, we present a microtask scheduler with integrated service level objectives (SLO) management. With this goal, we have introduced two new decision parameters: H-M ratio and microtask completion rate. An early prototype has been built and validated through simulation with actual performance data collected from anonymous crowd workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Machine computation was done using Hewlett Packard's Autonomy IDOL while ground truth was established through the use of known, expert workers. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work that attempts to simultaneously attempt to address the three SLO parameters of accuracy, budget and deadline for data-parallel microtasks.

关键词： Manuals

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