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34th Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2024, GLSVLSI 2024

作者： Jian, Haojie Chen, Chao Wang, Zheng Wu, Pengfei Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering Research Institute Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706059

The reliability of neural network (NN) accelerators is one key to ensuring inference accuracy. Relying solely on the robustness of NN can only tolerate transient faults, and once the circuit encounters permanent faults, it will lead to a serious accuracy drop. We, by employing processing elements (PEs) checking and re-scheduling of threads of functional units, propose a new fault-tolerant mechanism named PerFT-N for neural processing units (NPUs). Compared to previous NPU fault-tolerant methods, PerFT-N recovers the execution facing permanent faults with minimal hardware overhead. Specifically, we utilize the existing resources to achieve fault detection and localization, while achieving recovery by re-linking unfailed threads. Furthermore, an instruction-based programmable permanent fault emulation scheme is deployed on the FPGA platform for fast verification. Experimental results demonstrate that the PerFT-N architecture works in the extreme case with 98.5% of failed functional units while incurring the physical overheads of 2.7% in area and 3.6% in power consumption under 40nm SMIC standard cell library. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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Evolution Analysis of Network Attack and Defense Situation Based on Game Theory

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 1475-1494页

作者： Haiyan Sun Chenglong Shao Jianwei Zhang Kun Wang Wanwei Huang College of Software Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou450007China Intelligent Computing Power Research Department Zhengzhou Xinda Advanced Technology Research InstituteZhengzhou450007China

To address the problem that existing studies lack analysis of the relationship between attack-defense game behaviors and situation evolution from the game perspective after constructing an attack-defense model,this paper proposes a network attack-defense game model(ADGM).Firstly,based on the assumption of incomplete information between the two sides of the game,the ADGM model is established,and methods of payoff quantification,equilibrium solution,and determination of strategy confrontation results are ***,drawing on infectious disease dynamics,the network attack-defense situation is defined based on the density of nodes in various security states,and the transition paths of network node security states are ***,the network zero-day virus attack-defense behaviors are analyzed,and comparative experiments on the attack-defense evolution trends under the scenarios of different strategy combinations,interference methods,and initial numbers are conducted using the NetLogo simulation *** experimental results indicate that this model can effectively analyze the evolution of the macro-level network attack-defense situation from the micro-level attack-defense *** instance,in the strategy selection experiment,when the attack success rate decreases from 0.49 to 0.29,the network destruction rate drops by 11.3%,in the active defense experiment,when the interference coefficient is reduced from 1 to 0.7,the network destruction rate decreases by 7%,and in the initial node number experiment,when the number of initially infected nodes increases from 10 to 30,the network destruction rate rises by 3%.

关键词： Network attack-defense situation evolution zero-day virus NetLogo

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A Framework Based on the DAO and NFT in Blockchain for Electronic Document Sharing

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2373-2395页

作者： Lin Chen Jiaming Zhu Yuting Xu Huanqin Zheng Shen Su Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China Engineering Research Center of lntegration and Application of Digital Learning Technology Ministry of EducationBeijing100816China

In the information age,electronic documents(e-documents)have become a popular alternative to paper documents due to their lower costs,higher dissemination rates,and ease of knowledge ***,digital copyright infringements occur frequently due to the ease of copying,which not only infringes on the rights of creators but also weakens their creative ***,it is crucial to establish an e-document sharing system that enforces copyright ***,the existing centralized system has outstanding vulnerabilities,and the plagiarism detection algorithm used cannot fully detect the context,semantics,style,and other factors of the *** watermark technology is only used as a means of infringement *** paper proposes a decentralized framework for e-document sharing based on decentralized autonomous organization(DAO)and non-fungible token(NFT)in *** use of blockchain as a distributed credit base resolves the vulnerabilities inherent in traditional centralized *** e-document evaluation and plagiarism detection mechanisms based on the DAO model effectively address challenges in comprehensive text information checks,thereby promoting the enhancement of e-document *** mechanism for protecting and circulating e-document copyrights using NFT technology ensures effective safeguarding of users’e-document copyrights and facilitates e-document ***,recognizing the security issues within the DAO governance mechanism,we introduce an innovative optimization *** experimentation,we validate the enhanced security of the optimized governance mechanism,reducing manipulation risks by up to 51%.Additionally,by utilizing evolutionary game analysis to deduce the equilibrium strategies of the framework,we discovered that adjusting the reward and penalty parameters of the incentive mechanism motivates creators to generate superior quality and unique e-documents,while evaluators are more likely to engage in

关键词： Electronic document sharing blockchain DAO NFT evolutionary game

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A survey on federated learning:a perspective from multi-party computation

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第1期18卷 93-103页

作者： Fengxia LIU Zhiming ZHENG Yexuan SHI Yongxin TONG Yi ZHANG Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Key Laboratory of Mathematics Informatics Behavioral Semantics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment and Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Pengcheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing 100190China Institute for Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Research Center of Financial Computing and Digital Engineering Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

Federated learning is a promising learning paradigm that allows collaborative training of models across multiple data owners without sharing their raw *** enhance privacy in federated learning,multi-party computation can be leveraged for secure communication and computation during model *** survey provides a comprehensive review on how to integrate mainstream multi-party computation techniques into diverse federated learning setups for guaranteed privacy,as well as the corresponding optimization techniques to improve model accuracy and training *** also pinpoint future directions to deploy federated learning to a wider range of applications.

关键词： sfederated learning multi-party ycomputation privacy-preserving data mining distributed learning

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Quantifying the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and the armed conflict with Russia on Sentinel 5P TROPOMI NO_(2)changes in Ukraine

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Big Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 58-81页

作者： Anh Phan Hiromichi Fukui Graduate School of Engineering Chubu UniversityKasugaiJapan Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies and International Digital Earth Applied Science Research Center(IDEAS) Chubu UniversityKasugaiJapan

This study investigated variations in nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))levels in Ukraine during two significant periods:the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in 2020 and the armed conflict with Russia in *** and reprocessed Sentinel 5P data products were utilized for the analysis.A machine learning model was employed to generate a business-as-usual NO_(2)time series that accounted for meteorological *** the nine most populous cities in Ukraine,during the lockdown in 2020 we observed a moderation of increases in NO_(2)levels during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown *** at the same months during the conflict period in 2022,we identified much more significant reductions in NO_(2)level in these cities,averaging 12.1%for original and 18.1%for reprocessed *** our examination of major urban areas,we observed reductions in NO_(2)levels in areas surrounding coal power plants damaged or destroyed by the *** the major urban areas in Ukraine,we conclude that changes in daily anthropogenic activities due to the conflict-related events had more substantial impacts on NO_(2)levels than did COVID-19 lockdown.

关键词： NO_(2) COVID-19 Russia-Ukraine armed conflict weather-normalization

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Analyzing the Critical Success Factors Influencing the small- and medium-sized Enterprises in Odisha (India): A Cross-Sectional Study

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2025年第2期5卷 797-815页

作者： Sahoo, Debasis Nayak, Chandrakanta Mishra, Debesh Mechanical Engineering GITA Autonomous College Odisha Bhubaneswar India Mechanical Engineering Maharaja Institute of Advanced Computing and Research (MIACR) Odisha Bhubaneswar India

The majority of “small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)” in Odisha (India) look unable to maintain itself while having a high success-rate, indicating that these SMEs are exposed to considerable risks and vulnerabilities that are affecting their performances. Given the above, it was clear that research into “critical success factors (CSFs)” for the development of SMEs was still in its early-phases. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of CSFs on the SMEs performance. In this study, a survey of 66 SMEs in Odisha with the “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT)” analysis was performed in order to examine their continuing difficulties and potential opportunities, which was further followed by statistical-analysis of obtained data from 186 respondents by utilizing designed-questionnaires. The four significant CSFs that were identified through extensive review of literature and SMEs survey included “support of top-management, orientation of entrepreneurship, business-environment, and focus on customers”, respectively. All the four CSFs were found to be significant and positively related to SMEs performance. This was because all of the analyzed factors of CSFs and SMEs performance exhibited strong positive relationships with each other. The findings will be useful to both entrepreneurs and researchers in building a framework for increasing overall organizational performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Critical Success Factors India Odisha Performance Small- and medium-sized Enterprises Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis

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A survey on lattice‑based digital signature

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Cybersecurity 2025年第2期8卷 42-59页

作者： Fengxia Liu Zhiyong Zheng Zixian Gong Kun Tian Yi Zhang Zhe Hu Jia Li Qun Xu Institute of Artificial Intelligence Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191People’s Republic of China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing BeijingPeople’s Republic of China Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Financial Computing and Digital Engineering Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872People’s Republic of China School of Mathematics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872People’s Republic of China

Lattice-based digital signature has become one of the widely recognized post-quantum algorithms because of its simple algebraic operation,rich mathematical foundation and worst-case security,and also an important tool for constructing *** survey explores lattice-based digital signatures,a promising post-quantum resistant alternative to traditional schemes relying on factoring or discrete logarithm problems,which face increasing risks from quantum *** study covers conventional paradigms like Hash-and-Sign and Fiat-Shamir,as well as specialized applications including group,ring,blind,and proxy *** analyzes the versatility and security strengths of lattice-based schemes,providing practical *** chapter summarizes advancements in schemes,identifying emerging *** also pinpoint future directions to deploy lattice-based digital signatures including quantum cryptography.

关键词： Post-quantum cryptography Lattice-based cryptography Lattice-based digital signatures

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Concurrent hetero-/homo-geneous electrocatalysts to bi-phasically mediate sulfur species for lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 663-668,I0016页

作者： Rui-Bo LingHu Jin-Xiu Chen Jin-Hao Zhang Bo-Quan Li Qing-Shan Fu Gulnur Kalimuldina Geng-Zhi Sun Yunhu Han Long Kong Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics(IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129ShaanxiChina Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816JiangsuChina Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering School of Engineering and Digital SciencesNazarbayev UniversityKabanbay Batyr Ave.53Astana 010000Kazakhstan

Expediting redox kinetics of sulfur species on conductive scaffolds with limited charge accessible surface is considered as an imperative approach to realize energy-dense and power-intensive lithium-sulfur(Li-S)*** this work,the concept of concurrent hetero-/homo-geneous electrocatalysts is proposed to simultaneously mediate liquid-solid conversion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and solid lithium disulfide/sulfide(Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S)propagation,the latter of which suffers from sluggish reduction kinetics due to buried conductive scaffold surface by extensive deposition of Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)*** selected model material to verify this concept is a two-in-one catalyst:carbon nanotube(CNT)scaffold supported iron-cobalt(Fe-Co)alloy nanoparticles and partially carbonized selenium(C-Se)*** Fe-Co alloy serves as a heterogeneous electrocatalyst to seed Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S through sulphifilic active sites,while the C-Se sustainably releases soluble lithium polyselenides and functions as a homogeneous electrocatalyst to propagate Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S via solution *** bi-phasic mediation of the sulfur species benefits reduction kinetics of LiPS conversion,especially for the massive Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S growth scenario by affording an additional solution directed route in case of conductive surface being largely *** strategy endows the Li-S batteries with improved cycling stability(836 mA h g^(-1)after 180 cycles),rate capability(547 mA h g^(-1)at 4 C)and high sulfur loading superiority(2.96 mA h cm^(-2)at 2.4 mg cm^(-2)).This work hopes to enlighten the employment of bi-phasic electrocatalysts to dictate liquid-solid transformation of intermediates for conversion chemistry batteries.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur batteries Electrocatalysis Lithium polysulfides Sulfur cathode Energy density

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Frameworked electrolytes:Ionic transport behavior and high mobility for solid state batteries

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InfoMat 2024年第2期6卷 76-89页

作者： Jianguo Sun Hao Yuan Jing Yang Tuo Wang Yulin Gao Qi Zhao Ximeng Liu Haimei Wang Yong-Wei Zhang John Wang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore ST Engineering Advanced Material Engineering Pte.Ltd. SingaporeSingapore National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing Liang Jiang New AreaChongqingthe People's Republic of China Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore

All solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are the holy grails of rechargeable batteries,where extensive searches are ongoing in the pursuit of ideal solid-state ***,there is still a long way off to the satisfactorily high(enough)ionic conductivity,long-term stability and especially being able to form compatible interfaces with the solid ***,we have explored ionic transport behavior and high mobility in the sub-nano pore networks in the framework ***,the frameworked electrolyte behaves as a solid,and however in the(sub)-nano scales,the very limited number of solvent molecules in confinement makes them completely different from that in liquid *** from a liquid-electrolyte counterpart,the interactions between the mobile ions and surrounding molecules are subject to dramatic changes,leading to a high ionic conductivity at room temperature with a low activation ***+ions in the sub-nano cages of the network structure are highly mobile and diffuse rather independently,where the rate-limiting step of ions crossing cages is driven by the local concentration gradient and the electrostatic interactions between Li^(+)*** new class of frameworked electrolytes(FEs)with both high ionic conductivity and desirable interface with solid electrodes are demonstrated to work with Li-ion batteries,where the ASSB with LiFePO_(4)shows a highly stable electrochemical performance of over 450 cycles at 2℃ at room temperature,with an almost negligible capacity fade of 0.03‰ each *** addition,the FE shows outstanding flexibility and anti-flammability,which are among the key requirements of large-scale applications.

关键词： frameworked electrolyte macroscopically solid with 3D ionic channels in sub-nano-scales solid-state battery space confinement of Li ions

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Strengthening-softening transition and maximum strength in Schwarz nanocrystals

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第3期6卷 320-328页

作者： Hanzheng Xing Jiaxi Jiang Yujia Wang Yongpan Zeng Xiaoyan Li Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore138632Singapore

Recently,a Schwarz crystal structure with curved grain boundaries(GBs)constrained by twin-boundary(TB)networks was discovered in nanocrystalline Cu through experiments and atomistic *** Cu with nanosized Schwarz crystals exhibited high strength and excellent thermal ***,the grainsize effect and associated deformation mechanisms of Schwarz nanocrystals remain ***,we performed large-scale atomistic simulations to investigate the deformation behaviors and grain-size effect of nanocrystalline Cu with Schwarz *** simulations showed that similar to regular nanocrystals,Schwarz nanocrystals exhibit a strengthening-softening transition with decreasing grain *** critical grain size in Schwarz nanocrystals is smaller than that in regular nanocrystals,leading to a maximum strength higher than that of regular *** simulations revealed that the softening in Schwarz nanocrystals mainly originates from TB migration(or detwinning)and annihilation of GBs,rather than GB-mediated processes(including GB migration,sliding and diffusion)dominating the softening in regular *** analyses of simulation data further showed that compared with those in regular nanocrystals,the GB-mediated processes in Schwarz nanocrystals are suppressed,which is related to the low volume fraction of amorphous-like GBs and constraints of TB *** smaller critical grain size arises from the suppression of GB-mediated processes.

关键词： Schwarz nanocrystal Curved grain boundary Atomistic simulation Grain size effect Maximum strength

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