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Vacancy-Type Defects in HfO2 Layers and Their Role in Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transition Studied by Monoenergetic Positron Beams

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IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 2025年

作者： Uedono, Akira Kawakami, Kazuya Kuribara, Tatsunori Hasunuma, Ryu Harashima, Yosuke Shigeta, Yasuteru Ni, Zeyuan Yan, Ruolin Nakamura, Hideo Notake, Akira Moriya, Tsuyoshi Michishio, Koji Ishibashi, Shoji University of Tsukuba Faculty of Pure and Applied Science Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan Nara Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Ikoma Nara630-0192 Japan Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Ltd S-Technology Development Center Nirasaki Yamanashi650 Japan Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Ltd Development Department1 Nirasaki Yamanashi407-0192 Japan Tokyo Electron Ltd Digital Design Center Sapporo Hokkaido060-0003 Japan Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Ltd Software and Data Engineering Division Nirasaki Yamanashi407-0192 Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Research Institute for Measurement and Analytical Instrumentation Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8568 Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8568 Japan

The annealing properties of vacancies in HfO2 layers deposited on Si substrates and their role in amorphous-to-crystalline transition were studied with monoenergetic positron beams. HfO2 layers with a thickness of 4.30 nm were fabricated by the atomic layer deposition technique. The major vacancytype defects in these layers were identified as a Hf vacancy (VHf) coupled with multiple oxygen vacancies (VOs) and larger vacancy clusters. After annealing at 500°C, the concentration of vacancy clusters started to increase, which was attributed to the agglomeration of intrinsic open spaces in the amorphous phase upon the phase transition from amorphous to monoclinic crystalline phases. The amorphous-crystalline transition started near the interface between the HfO2 layer and bottom electrodes (TiN). After the crystallization, the concentration of vacancy clusters decreased as the annealing temperature increased. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Hafnium oxides

BoxPolyp: Boost Generalized Polyp Segmentation using Extra Coarse Bounding Box Annotations

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wei, Jun Hu, Yiwen Li, Guanbin Cui, Shuguang Zhou, S. Kevin Li, Zhen China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data China The Future Network of Intelligence Institute China School of Biomedical Engineering Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Shenzhen China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University China

Accurate polyp segmentation is of great importance for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, due to the high cost of producing accurate mask annotations, existing polyp segmentation methods suffer from severe data shortage and impaired model generalization. Reversely, coarse polyp bounding box annotations are more accessible. Thus, in this paper, we propose a boosted BoxPolyp model to make full use of both accurate mask and extra coarse box annotations. In practice, box annotations are applied to alleviate the over-fitting issue of previous polyp segmentation models, which generate fine-grained polyp area through the iterative boosted segmentation model. To achieve this goal, a fusion filter sampling (FFS) module is firstly proposed to generate pixel-wise pseudo labels from box annotations with less noise, leading to significant performance improvements. Besides, considering the appearance consistency of the same polyp, an image consistency (IC) loss is designed. Such IC loss explicitly narrows the distance between features extracted by two different networks, which improves the robustness of the model. Note that our BoxPolyp is a plug-and-play model, which can be merged into any appealing backbone. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results on five challenging benchmarks confirm that our proposed model outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Iterative methods

COph100: A comprehensive fundus image registration dataset from infants constituting the "RIDIRP" database

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hu, Yan Gong, Mingdao Qiu, Zhongxi Liu, Jiabao Shen, Hongli Yuan, Mingzhen Zhang, Xiaoqing Li, Heng Lu, Hai Liu, Jiang Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing China Center for High Performance Computing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China

Retinal image registration is vital for diagnostic therapeutic applications within the field of ophthalmology. Existing public datasets, focusing on adult retinal pathologies with high-quality images, have limited number of image pairs and neglect clinical challenges. To address this gap, we introduce COph100, a novel and challenging dataset known as the Comprehensive Ophthalmology Retinal Image Registration dataset for infants with a wide range of image quality issues constituting the public "RIDIRP" database1. COph100 consists of 100 eyes, each with 2 to 9 examination sessions, amounting to a total of 491 image pairs carefully selected from the publicly available dataset. We manually labeled the corresponding ground truth image points and provided automatic vessel segmentation masks for each image. We have assessed COph100 in terms of image quality and registration outcomes using state-of-the-art algorithms. This resource enables a robust comparison of retinal registration methodologies and aids in the analysis of disease progression in infants, thereby deepening our understanding of pediatric ophthalmic conditions. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image registration

Investigation of Bifacial Gain and Albedo of Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules that Operate in a Tropical Site

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Investigation of Bifacial Gain and Albedo of Bifacial Photov...

International Conference on Green Energy and Applications (ICGEA)

作者： Hui Li Tan Boon Han Lim Ming Hui Tan Xiang'an Zeng Kok-Keong Chong Kein Huat Chua Yong Zhang Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Kajang Malaysia Faculty of Innovation and Technology Taylor's University Subang Jaya Malaysia Digital Technology Center China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co. Ltd Guangdong China Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) Shenzhen P.R. China

ISBN: (数字)9798350349009

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349016

This paper investigates the impact of ground materials and albedo on the performance of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules in tropical regions. This research holds significance as it fills a critical gap in the existing literature, providing a comprehensive exploration of bifacial gain and albedo in tropical regions using an experimental setup. The experimental setup involved the installation of monofacial and bifacial PV modules with standard installation practices commonly employed in Malaysia. Various ground materials-concrete, white gravel, soil, and grass-were placed beneath the panels to analyze their effects on module performance. At the end of the study, the results showed the potential of a bifacial PV system in the tropics. The calculated bifacial gain in this study ranges from 8.7 % to 16.5%, depending on the ground materials applied. Compared to other bifacial PV system design research using only simulations, this paper emphasizes the importance of considering albedo variability, which could significantly impact bifacial gain in tropical regions. The results demonstrate a linear relationship between albedo and bifacial gain values. This study provides valuable insights for the PV industry, offering guidance in module selection for cost-effective PV plant installations. The calculated albedo and bifacial gain will serve as the reference range for the PV industry.

关键词： Industries Clouds Soil Planning Solar panels System analysis and design Standards

Angle-resolved magneto-chiral anisotropy in a non-centrosymmetric atomic layer superlattice

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Science Bulletin 2025年第9期70卷 1406-1409页

作者： Cheng, Long Bao, Mingrui Zhang, Xue Zhang, Jingxian Yang, Qun Li, Qiang Cao, Hui Qiu, Dawei Li, Hui Cheng, Guanglei Zhou, Hua Zuo, Jian-Min Zhou, Xiaodong Shen, Jian Zhu, Zhifeng Wang, Wenbo Zhai, Xiaofang School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China X-ray Science Division Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China

Psychometrics for Hypnopaedia-Aware Machinery via Chaotic Projection of Artificial Mental Imagery

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chang, Ching-Chun Gao, Kai Xu, Shuying Kordoni, Anastasia Leckie, Christopher Echizen, Isao National Institute of Informatics Chiyoda Tokyo Japan The Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan The Department of Psychology Lancaster University Lancaster United Kingdom The Department of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC Australia The Information and Society Research Division National Institute of Informatics The Department of Informatics Graduate University for Advanced Studies The Department of Information and Communication Engineering University of Tokyo Chiyoda Tokyo Japan

Neural backdoors represent insidious cybersecurity loopholes that render learning machinery vulnerable to unauthorised manipulations, potentially enabling the weaponisation of artificial intelligence with catastrophic consequences. A backdoor attack involves the clandestine infiltration of a trigger during the learning process, metaphorically analogous to hypnopaedia, where ideas are implanted into a subject's subconscious mind under the state of hypnosis or unconsciousness. When activated by a sensory stimulus, the trigger evokes conditioned reflex that directs a machine to mount a predetermined response. In this study, we propose a cybernetic framework for constant surveillance of backdoors threats, driven by the dynamic nature of untrustworthy data sources. We develop a self-aware unlearning mechanism to autonomously detach a machine's behaviour from the backdoor trigger. Through reverse engineering and statistical inference, we detect deceptive patterns and estimate the likelihood of backdoor infection. We employ model inversion to elicit artificial mental imagery, using stochastic processes to disrupt optimisation pathways and avoid convergent but potentially flawed patterns. This is followed by hypothesis analysis, which estimates the likelihood of each potentially malicious pattern being the true trigger and infers the probability of infection. The primary objective of this study is to maintain a stable state of equilibrium between knowledge fidelity and backdoor vulnerability. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Reverse engineering

从四方到立方:高性能太阳能电池的钙钛矿相结构演变

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Science Bulletin 2023年第2期68卷 141-145,M0003页

作者：魏旗梁昊 Yuki Haruta Makhsud Saidaminov 米启兮 Michael Saliba 崔光磊宁志军 School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China High Performance Computing Department National Supercomputing Center in ShenzhenShenzhen 200441China Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering and Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies(CAMTEC) University of VictoriaVictoria V8P 5C2Canada Institute for Photovoltaics University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China

Crystal structure, which is generally determined by the composition, ionic radius and valence state of constituent elements, plays a significant role in the material’s fundamental properties such as optical, electronic, and mechanical characters. The manipulation of the crystal structure through compositional engineering, and understanding the relationship between crystal structure and properties are essential for the development of materials.

关键词：太阳能电池结构演变钙钛矿相

A Survey of Pretraining on Graphs: Taxonomy, Methods, and Applications

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Xia, Jun Zhu, Yanqiao Du, Yuanqi Li, Stan Z. School of Engineering Westlake University China Institute of Advanced Technology Westlake Institute for Advanced Study China Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Department of Computer Science George Mason University United States

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) such as BERT have revolutionized the landscape of natural language processing (NLP). Inspired by their proliferation, tremendous efforts have been devoted to pre-trained graph models (PGMs) recently. Owing to its huge model parameters, PGMs can capture abundant knowledge from massive labeled and unlabeled graph data. The knowledge implicitly encoded in model parameters can benefit various downstream tasks and help to alleviate several fundamental issues of learning on graphs. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey for PGMs. We first briefly present the limitations of graph representation learning and thus introduce the motivation for graph pre-training. Next, we systematically categorize existing PGMs based on a taxonomy from five different perspectives including the history, model architectures, pre-training strategies, tunning strategies and applications. Finally, we outline several promising research directions that can serve as a guideline for future studies. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Taxonomies

Boosting the generation rate of squeezed single-photon states by generalized photon subtraction

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tomoda, Hiroko Machinaga, Akihiro Takase, Kan Harada, Jun Kashiwazaki, Takahiro Umeki, Takeshi Miki, Shigehito China, Fumihiro Yabuno, Masahiro Terai, Hirotaka Okuno, Daichi Takeda, Shuntaro Department of Applied Physics School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Optical Quantum Computing Research Team RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan NTT Device Technology Labs NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Kanagawa Atsugi243-0198 Japan Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 588-2 Iwaoka Nishi-ku Kobe Hyogo651-2492 Japan

In optical quantum information processing with continuous variables, optical non-Gaussian quantum states are essential for universal and fault-tolerant quantum computation. Experimentally, their most typical generation method is photon subtraction (PS), where single-photon detection by an on/off detector probabilistically heralds the generation of squeezed single-photon states. In PS, however, trying to avoid unwanted multiphoton detection inevitably limits the generation rate, hindering the application of squeezed single-photon states. Here, we theoretically show that generalized photon subtraction (GPS), a simple extension of PS, can improve the generation rate while maintaining the quality of the generated states. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the generation rate improvement for 2-dB- and 4-dB-squeezed single-photon states compared to PS, by more than one order of magnitude, particularly for the case of 2 dB. Our results will accelerate the application of squeezed single-photon states to more advanced quantum information protocols. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers