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HRPDF: A Software-Based Heterogeneous Redundant Proactive Defense Framework for Programmable Logic Controller

Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2021年第6期36卷 1307-1324页

作者： Ke Liu Jing-Yi Wang Qiang Wei Zhen-Yong Zhang Jun Sun Rong-Kuan Ma Rui-Long Deng State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou 450001China College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of Information Systems Singapore Management UniversitySingapore 689867Singapore

Programmable logic controllers(PLCs)play a critical role in many industrial control systems,yet face increasingly serious cyber *** this paper,we propose a novel PLC-compatible software-based defense mechanism,called Heterogeneous Redundant Proactive Defense Framework(HRPDF).We propose a heterogeneous PLC architecture in HRPDF,including multiple heterogeneous,equivalent,and synchronous runtimes,which can thwart multiple types of attacks against PLC without the need of external *** ensure the availability of PLC,we also design an inter-process communication algorithm that minimizes the overhead of *** implement a prototype system of HRPDF and test it in a real-world PLC and an OpenPLC-based device,*** results show that HRPDF can defend against multiple types of attacks with 10.22%additional CPU and 5.56%additional memory overhead,and about 0.6 ms additional time overhead.

关键词： industrial control system programmable logic controller proactive defense heterogeneous redundant architecture

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CrossViT Wide Residual Squeeze-and-Excitation Network for Alzheimer's disease classification with self attention ProGAN data augmentation

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International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent systems 2021年第3-4期17卷 163-177页

作者： Kadri, Rahma Bouaziz, Bassem Tmar, Mohamed Gargouri, Faiez Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory Miracl University of Sfax Tunisia Sfax Tunisia Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax Fseg Sfax University of Sfax Tunisia Sfax Tunisia

Efficient and accurate early prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the neuroimaging data has attracted interest from many researchers to prevent its progression. Deep learning networks have demonstrated an optimal ability to analyse large-scale multimodal neuroimaging for AD classification. The most widely used architecture of deep learning is the Convolution neural networks (CNN) that have shown great potential in AD detection. However CNN does not capture long range dependencies within the input image and does not ensure a good global feature extraction. Furthermore, increasing the receptive field of CNN by increasing the kernels sizes can cause a feature granularity loss. Another limitation is that CNN lacks a weighing mechanism of image features;the network doesn't focus on the relevant features within the image. Recently,vision transformer have shown an outstanding performance over the CNN and overcomes its main limitations. The vision transformer relies on the self-attention layers. The main drawbacks of this new technique is that it requires a huge amount of training data. In this paper, we combined the main strengths of these two architectures for AD classification. We proposed a new method based on the combination of the Cross ViT and Wide Residual Squeeze-and-Excitation Network. We acquired MRI data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS). We also proposed a new data augmentation based on the self attention progressive generative adversarial neural network to overcome the limitation of the data. Our proposed method achieved 99% classification accuracy and outperforms CNN models. © 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： AD classification CNN CrossViT self attention ProGAN wide residual squeeze-and-excitation network

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Multi-objective virtual machine placement in virtualized data center environments

Multi-objective virtual machine placement in virtualized dat...

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2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Green computing and Communications, GreenCom 2010, 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social computing, CPSCom 2010

作者： Xu, Jing Fortes, José A. B. Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida PO Box 116200 Gainesville FL 32611-6200 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543314

Server consolidation using virtualization technology has become increasingly important for improving data center efficiency. It enables one physical server to host multiple independent virtual machines (VMs), and the transparent movement of workloads from one server to another. Fine-grained virtual machine resource allocation and reallocation are possible in order to meet the performance targets of applications running on virtual machines. On the other hand, these capabilities create demands on system management, especially for large-scale data centers. In this paper, a two-level control system is proposed to manage the mappings of workloads to VMs and VMs to physical resources. The focus is on the VM placement problem which is posed as a multi-objective optimization problem of simultaneously minimizing total resource wastage, power consumption and thermal dissipation costs. An improved genetic algorithm with fuzzy multi-objective evaluation is proposed for efficiently searching the large solution space and conveniently combining possibly conflicting objectives. A simulation-based evaluation using power-consumption and thermal-dissipation models (learned from profiling of a BladeCenter), demonstrates the good performance, scalability and robustness of our proposed approach when compared with four well-known bin-packing algorithms and two single-objective approaches. Our approach can seek and find solutions that exhibit good balance among the conflicting objectives while others cannot. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual machine

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CloudBLAST: combining MapReduce and virtualization on distributed resources for bioinformatics applications

CloudBLAST: combining MapReduce and virtualization on distri...

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4th IEEE International Conference on eScience, eScience 2008

作者： Matsunaga, Andréa Tsugawa, Maurício Fortes, José Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida PO Box 116200 Gainesville FL 32611-6200 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535357

This paper proposes and evaluates an approach to the parallelization, deployment and management of bioinformatics applications that integrates several emerging technologies for distributed computing. The proposed approach uses the MapReduce paradigm to parallelize tools and manage their execution, machine virtualization to encapsulate their execution environments and commonly used data sets into flexibly deployable virtual machines, and network virtualization to connect resources behind firewalls/NATs while preserving the necessary performance and the communication environment. An implementation of this approach is described and used to demonstrate and evaluate the proposed approach. The implementation integrates Hadoop, Virtual Workspaces, and ViNe as the MapReduce, virtual machine and virtual network technologies, respectively, to deploy the commonly used bioinformatics tool NCBI BLAST on a WAN-based test bed consisting of clusters at two distinct locations, the University of Florida and the University of Chicago. This WAN-based implementation, called CloudBLAST, was evaluated against both non-virtualized and LAN-based implementations in order to assess the overheads of machine and network virtualization, which were shown to be insignificant. To compare the proposed approach against an MPI-based solution, CloudBLAST performance was experimentally contrasted against the publicly available mpiBLAST on the same WAN-based test bed. Both versions demonstrated performance gains as the number of available processors increased, with CloudBLAST delivering speedups of 57 against 52.4 of MPI version, when 64 processors on 2 sites were used. The results encourage the use of the proposed approach for the execution of large-scale bioinformatics applications on emerging distributed environments that provide access to computing resources as a service. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： MapReduce

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Characterizing user-level network virtualization: performance, overheads and limits

Characterizing user-level network virtualization: performanc...

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4th IEEE International Conference on eScience, eScience 2008

作者： Tsugawa, Maurício Fortes, José A. B. Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida PO Box 116200 Gainesville FL 32611-6200 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535357

Connectivity limitations of the current Internet pose challenges to e-Science infrastructure, as communication between resources is of key importance for the sharing of hardware, software and data across geographically distributed institutions. To overcome such limitations many overlay networks have been developed. Existing solutions report performance that can keep up with slow wide-area links-however the question remains as to how overlay networks perform on new high-speed Internet connections. This paper characterizes the performance of user-level packet processing, which is at the core of most overlay networks implementations. To this end, building blocks of packet processing software are identified and characterized, and performance of IP forwarders developed in C and Java are compared through extensive measurements. Factors that affect the performance of overlay networks and limitations of existing solutions are characterized, providing insights on possible improvements. Experimental results show the following: to achieve maximum throughput, only a few microseconds (2 to 5) can be spent in virtual network processing;processing of small packets can limit TCP throughput;and overlays need to be carefully architected as encapsulation overheads can be substantial. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Overlay networks

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Experimentation and evaluation of a generator of adaptable web applications

Experimentation and evaluation of a generator of adaptable w...

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XXVIIIeme Congres INFORSID 2010 - 28th Conference INFORSID 2010

作者： Djemaa, Raoudha Ben Abdallah, Fatma Ben Amous, Ikram Hamadou, Abdelmajid Ben MIRACL Multimedia InfoRmation systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory Route de Tunis Km 10 BP 242 Cité El Ons Sfax 3021 Tunisia

The Web evolves to contents integrating increasingly rich and varied media reached using very diverse accessAA,A device. This environment very heterogeneous requires that multimedia information sent by the server is adapted to the precise conditions of their use. To answer this adaptation, a set of methods, languages and architectures were developed. This article is a contribution in this direction. In this work, we present a generator of the adaptable Web applications (AWA). An experimental study of the generator was undertaken on various devices of access (PC, PDA, mobile telephone.). The results obtained were evaluated by a study of the performances carried out to test the effectiveness of generator (rate of satisfaction of the users, profit in memory capacity, execution time, etc).

关键词： Adaptable web application Adaptation of the media objects Experimentation and evaluation Generator Sensitivity to the context

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User-level virtual network support for sky computing

User-level virtual network support for sky computing

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5th IEEE International Conference on e-Science, e-Science 2009

作者： Tsugawa, Maurício Matsunaga, Andréa Fortes, José Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida PO Box 116200 Gainesville FL 32611-6200 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769538778

With the emergence of multiple cloud providers of Infrastructure-as-a- Service, it becomes possible to envision a near-future when high-performance computing users could combine services from different clouds to access huge numbers of resources. However, as more administrative privileges are exposed to end users, providers are required to deploy network security measures that present challenges to the network virtualization technologies that are needed to enable inter-cloud communication. This paper studies these challenges and proposes techniques to enable unmodified applications on resources across distinct clouds. The techniques are implemented in TinyViNe, an extension to ViNe, a virtual networking technology for distributed resources in different administrative domains. The results of evaluating TinyViNe on a WAN-based testbed across three sites are reported for a bioinformatics application (BLAST) and MPI benchmarks. The results confirm that TinyViNe enables cross-cloud computing while having little impact on application performance. TinyViNe also has auto-configuration and "download-and-run" capabilities for easy deployment by users who are not knowledgeable about networking. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Virtualization

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A WAN-optimized live storage migration mechanism toward virtual machine evacuation upon severe disasters

A WAN-optimized live storage migration mechanism toward virt...

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作者： Hirofuchi, Takahiro Tsugawa, Maurido Nakada, Hidemoto Kudoh, Tomohiro Itoh, Satoshi Information Technology Research Insti-tute National Institute of Science Technology Tsukuba-shi Japan Advanced Computing Information Systems Laboratory University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 United States

Wide-area VM migration is a technology with potential to aid IT services recovery since it can be used to evacuate virtualized servers to safe locations upon a critical disaster. However, the amount of data in-volved in a wide-area VM migration is substantially larger compared to VM migrations within LAN due to the need to transfer virtualized storage in addition to memory and CPU states. This increase of data makes it chal-lenging to relocate VMs under a limited time window with electrical power. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to improve live storage migration across WAN. The key idea is to reduce the amount of data to be trans-ferred by proactively caching virtual disk blocks to a backup site during regular VM operation. As a result of pre-cached disk blocks, the proposed mechanism can dramatically reduce the amount of data and consequently the time required to live migrate the entire VM state. The mechanism was evaluated using a prototype implementation under different workloads and network conditions, and we confirmed that it dramatically reduces the time to complete a VM live migration. By using the proposed mechanism, it is possible to relocate a VM from Japan to the United States in just under 40 seconds. This relocation would otherwise take over 1500 seconds, demon-strating that the proposed mechanism was able to reduce the migration time by 97.5%. © 2013 The Institute of Electronics, information and Communication Engineers.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Characterizing User-Level Network Virtualization: Performance, Overheads and Limits

Characterizing User-Level Network Virtualization: Performanc...

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IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid computing

作者： Maurício Tsugawa José A. B. Fortes Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Advanced Computing and Information Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Connectivity limitations of the current Internet pose challenges to e-Science infrastructure, as communication between resources is of key importance for the sharing of hardware, software and data across geographically distributed institutions. To overcome such limitations many overlay networks have been developed. Existing solutions report performance that can keep up with slow wide-area links - however the question remains as to how overlay networks perform on new high-speed Internet connections. This paper characterizes the performance of user-level packet processing, which is at the core of most overlay networks implementations. To this end, building blocks of packet processing software are identified and characterized, and performance of IP forwarders developed in C and Java are compared through extensive measurements. Factors that affect the performance of overlay networks and limitations of existing solutions are characterized, providing insights on possible improvements. Experimental results show the following: to achieve maximum throughput, only a few microseconds (2 to 5) can be spent in virtual network processing; processing of small packets can limit TCP throughput; and overlays need to be carefully architected as encapsulation overheads can be substantial.

关键词： IP networks Software performance Java Hardware Throughput Peer to peer computing Routing Resource virtualization Computer networks Distributed computing

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A survey on hand gesture recognition for mobile devices

A survey on hand gesture recognition for mobile devices

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作者： Lahiani, Houssem Neji, Mahmoud National School of Electronics and Telecommunications University of Sfax Tunisia Tunisia Multimedia Information Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory Faculty of Economics and Management University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

As smartphones and mobile devices become ubiquitous in the daily life of human beings, facilitating interaction with them will have a positive impact on their use. This paper presents an emerging and important area for research on human-machine interaction, involving interaction with mobile devices. Hand gesture recognition is already a quite mature field and its integration on advanced technologies like smartphones makes a survey an interesting and needed contribution. The design of interactive mobile applications should differ from traditional desktop applications. For this purpose, the paper discusses some concepts that help to understand new challenges and introduces techniques that may be useful to properly exploit these devices. This paper gives also an overview of recent works done on vision-based and contact-based hand gesture recognition systems for mobile devices. Used techniques and approaches are also discussed. At the end, we conclude with some reflections. Copyright © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Palmprint recognition

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