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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bhoumik, Debasmita Majumdar, Ritajit Saha, Amit Sur-Kolay, Susmita Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute India IBM Quantum IBM India Research Lab India A. K. Choudhury School of Information Technology University of Calcutta India

Quantum computers are noisy at present in the absence of error correction and fault tolerance. Interim methods such as error suppression and mitigation find wide applicability. Another method, which is independent of other error suppression and mitigation, and can be applied in conjunction with them to further lower the noise in the system, is circuit cutting. In this paper, we propose a scheduler that finds the optimum schedule for the subcircuits obtained by circuit cutting on the available set of hardware to (i) maximize the overall fidelity, and (ii) ensure that the predefined maximum execution time for each hardware is not exceeded. The fidelity obtained by this method on various benchmark circuits is significantly better than that of the uncut circuit executed on the least noisy device. The average increase in the fidelity obtained by our method are respectively ∼ 12.3% and ∼ 21% for 10-qubit benchmark circuits without and with measurement error mitigation, even when each hardware was allowed the minimum possible execution time. This noise and time optimized distributed scheduler is an initial step towards providing the optimal performance in the current scenario where the users may have limited access to quantum hardware. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Error correction

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Efficient decoding of surface code syndromes for error correction in quantum computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Bhoumik, Debasmita Sen, Pinaki Majumdar, Ritajit Sur-Kolay, Susmita Kumar, Latesh K.J. Iyengar, Sundaraja Sitharama Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala India KFSCIS Florida International University MiamiFL United States

Errors in surface code have typically been decoded by Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) based method. Recently, neural-network-based Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been employed for this purpose. Here we propose a two-level (low and high) ML-based decoding scheme, where the first level corrects errors on physical qubits and the second one corrects any existing logical errors, for different noise models. Our results show that our proposed decoding method achieves ∼ 10× and ∼ 2× higher values of pseudo-threshold and threshold respectively, than for MWPM. We show that usage of more sophisticated ML models with higher training/testing time, do not provide significant improvement in the decoder performance. Finally, data generation for training the ML decoder requires significant overhead hence lower volume of training data is desirable. We have shown that our decoder maintains a good performance with the train-test-ratio as low as 40: 60. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Error correction

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Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Mutual Authentication using a Single Basis

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Das, Nayana Paul, Goutam Majumdar, Ritajit Applied Statistics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Cryptology and Security Research Unit R. C. Bose Centre for Cryptology and Security Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

In this paper, we propose a new theoretical scheme for quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) with user authentication. Different from the previous QSDC protocols, the present protocol uses only one orthogonal basis of single-qubit states to encode the secret message. Moreover, this is a one-time and one-way communication protocol, which uses qubits prepared in a randomly chosen arbitrary basis, to transmit the secret message. We discuss the security of the proposed protocol against some common attacks and show that no eavesdropper can get any information from the quantum and classical channels. We have also studied the performance of this protocol under realistic device noise. We have executed the protocol in IBMQ Armonk device and proposed a repetition code based protection scheme that requires minimal overhead. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Interference Avoidance through Frequency Assignment and Association Control in IEEE 802.11 WLAN

Interference Avoidance through Frequency Assignment and Asso...

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IEEE International Symposium on Network computing and Applications

作者： Babul P. Tewari Sasthi C. Ghosh Department of Computer Science & Engineering Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College Durgapur West Bengal India Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

Very often a denser deployment of APs is required to increase the coverage and capacity in IEEE 802.11 WLAN. It increases the number of APs with overlapping coverage areas. Such overlapping eventually makes more and more clients to fall in the common coverage area of several APs. Interfering APs require different frequency channels for operation in order to avoid the co-channel interference between the APs. Two clients receiving down-link data from two non-interfering APs operating on the same frequency, may also suffer from interference, if both the clients present within the intersecting coverage area of their associating APs. This type of client interference is very common, as the number of available frequency channels is very limited. Ignorance of both types of interference may significantly overestimates the network performance while independent consideration of the frequency assignment and the association control to deal with such interferences, may lead to a sub-optimal solution. In this paper we argue that both the frequency assignment and the association control play an important role and they should be considered simultaneously to improve the overall network performance. We propose an efficient greedy algorithm that jointly deals with the frequency assignment and association control to maximize the aggregate down-link throughput while avoiding both type of interferences. Through simulation, we have shown that our proposed approach is superior than both the traditional approach of dealing with these interferences and the approach that ignores these interferences altogether.

关键词： Throughput Aggregates IEEE 802.11 Standards Frequency control Interchannel interference Channel allocation

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On the Asymmetry of Stuck-at Fault Sensitivity in Memristive Neural Architectures

On the Asymmetry of Stuck-at Fault Sensitivity in Memristive...

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IEEE International Test Conference on India (ITC India)

作者： Manobendra Nath Mondal Animesh Basak Chowdhury Santlal Prajapati Susmita Sur-Kolay Bhargab B. Bhattacharya School of Computer Science UPES Dehradun India NYU Tandon School of Engineering New York University New York U.S.A. Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute India

ISBN: (数字)9798350352597

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352603

The use of memristive crossbar-based architectures has gained traction as a potential solution for performing computationally expensive tasks such as matrix-vector multiplication and vector outer product, which require significant amount of space, time, and energy. Despite being deemed inherently fault-tolerant, memristive crossbar-based neural architecture (MCNA) may often experience accuracy degradation due to hardware faults, resulting in significant variations. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the impact of stuck-at faults (SAFs) on the accuracy of a neural network during classification or regression. Contrary to the popular belief, it is observed that the impact of stuck-at-0 (SAO) and stuck-at-l (SAl) faults are highly asymmetric with respect to the loss of accuracy. Thus this study might help in planning test strategies for the enhancement of fault immunity in memristive neural architectures.

关键词： Fault tolerance Accuracy Sensitivity Fault tolerant systems Computer architecture Automatic test pattern generation Vectors

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Innovative ranking strategy for IPL team formation

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Banerjee, Saptarshi Mitra, Arnabi Ganguly, Debayan Majumdar, Ritajit Chatterjee, Kingshuk Department of Computer Science and Engineering Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology

Indian Premier League (IPL) is a tournament of twenty over cricket matches. Teams of this tournament are selected via an auction from a pool of players. Each team employs a think-tank to build the best possible team. Few studies have been performed to automate the process of team selection. However, those studies mostly concentrate either on the current form of the players, or their long term performance. In this paper, we have (i) selected traditional features as well as determined some derived features, which are generated from the traditional features, for batsmen and bowlers, (ii) formulated heuristics for clustering batsmen into openers, middle order batsmen and finishers, (iii) formulated heuristics for relative ranking of batsmen and bowlers considering the current performance as well as the experience of each player, and (iv) have proposed two greedy algorithms for team selection where the total credit point of the team and the number of players in each cluster is fixed. Our proposed ranking scheme and algorithm not only determines the best possible team, but can also determine the best alternate player if one of the target players is unavailable. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Validation of a DiffServ based QoS model implementation for real-time traffic in a test bed

Validation of a DiffServ based QoS model implementation for ...

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National Conference on Communications (NCC)

作者： Sruti Gan Chaudhuri C. S. Kumar Ratnam V. RajaKumar Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India

This paper presents a DiffServ based adaptive QoS model for real-time interactive traffic in constrained bandwidth IP network without over provisioning the users. A WRR based QoS scheduling algorithm has been implemented to allocate the network resources to the users. A tuning parameter for VBR real-time traffic is also introduced in order to provide fair performance to the non real-time traffic as well. The QoS model is implemented at the transmitter edge of the network. Edge switches and routers are configured with the proposed algorithm. The simulation (using NS2) and experimental results (using a test bed with real time network scenario) are presented for validation of the proposed model.

关键词： Quality of service Real time systems Bandwidth Diffserv networks Delay Streaming media Adaptation models

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Cooperative Spectrum Mobility in Heterogeneous Opportunistic Networks Using Cognitive Radio

Cooperative Spectrum Mobility in Heterogeneous Opportunistic...

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IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks

作者： Avirup Das Sasthi C. Ghosh Nabanita Das Abhirup Das Barman ITRA project "Mobile Broadband Service Support over Cognitive Radio Networks" Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics-University of Calcutta Kolkata India Advanced Computing & Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467367714

With the advent of smarter technologies in cellular networks, often the bands used for lower versions remain unoccupied. To utilize that, in this paper, a new paradigm of cognitive radio has been proposed, where the nodes of a self-organized opportunistic ad hoc network act as the secondary users (SU) to use the white spaces of the existing cellular network. Each SU can freely move around, and in a self-organized fashion may collaborate with other neighboring SUs to gather information on the channels assigned to the cells of the primary network for cognitive use of the licensed spectrum with reduced spectrum latency. Simulation studies show that our proposed cooperative approach significantly improves the call drop/block rate, and also results better QoS compared to the non-cooperative approach at the cost of negligible additional message overhead.

关键词： Cognitive radio co-operative channel sensing ad hoc networks call block/drop spectrum latency

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An Efficient Approach for Load Balancing in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

An Efficient Approach for Load Balancing in Vehicular Ad-hoc...

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IEEE International Conference on advanced Networks and Telecommuncations Systems

作者： Shubham Agarwal Avirup Das Nabanita Das Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Manipal University India Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics University of Calcutta Kolkata India Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509021949

With the rapid increase in vehicular traffic in urban areas, optimal use of available resources is necessary to minimize the cost while maintaining the safety, and the quality of service. For this purpose, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are emerging, connecting vehicles with static road side units (RSUs) serving as a backbone. For energy efficiency, vehicles may upload data to the nearest RSU by multi-hop routing via shortest paths. But it drains the energy of the nodes nearer to the RSU faster leading to frequent recharging of batteries. For cost-efficient design and longer battery life, both optimal placement of RSUs and uniform power dissipation of nodes are necessary in VANETs. In this paper, a novel approach of load balanced routing is proposed to improve the network stability and battery lifetime in individual nodes. Assuming variable energy levels of transmission in each vehicle, our analysis establishes some upper bounds on the separation of two consecutive RSUs for nearly load balanced routing. The problem has been defined for linear network with uniform distribution of vehicles over 1-D road. Simulation studies show that the proposed scheme enhances the network performance significantly in terms of energy usage, network load and average packet delay.

关键词： Routing Roads Vehicular ad hoc networks Batteries Mathematical model Load modeling Load management

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Optimization of polymerase chain reaction on a cyberphysical digital microfluidic biochip 13

Optimization of polymerase chain reaction on a cyberphysical...

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IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

作者： Yan Luo Bhargab B. Bhattacharya Tsung-Yi Ho Krishnendu Chakrabarty Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Duke University Durham NC USA Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Computer Science and Information Engineering Department National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479910694

The amount of DNA strands available in a biological sample is a major limitation for many genomic bioanalyses. To amplify the traces of DNA strands, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used for conducting subsequent experiments. Compared to conventional instruments and analyzers, the execution of PCR on a digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) can achieve short time-to-results, low reagent consumption, rapid heating/cooling rates, and high integration of multiple processing modules. However, the PCR biochip design methods in the literature are oblivious to the inherent randomness and complexity of bioanalyses, and they do not consider the interference among on-chip devices and the cost of droplet transportation. We present, for the first time, an integrated design method to optimize the complete PCR procedure, including (i) DNA amplification and termination control, (ii) resource placement that satisfies physical constraints needed to avoid interference, and (iii) droplet transportation needed for mixing and detection. We propose a statistical model for sensor feedback-driven (cyberphysical) on-line decision making in order to optimize and control the execution sequence for DNA amplification. Next, we present a geometric algorithm for layout design to avoid device interference and reduce the cost of droplet routing. Simulation results on three laboratory protocols demonstrate that the proposed design method results in a compact layout and produces an execution sequence for efficient control of PCR operations on a cyberphysical DMFB.

关键词： DNA Reservoirs Heating Layout Transportation Electrodes Algorithm design and analysis

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