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3rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2000

作者： Berkelman, Peter J. Whitcomb, Louis L. Taylor, Russell H. Jensen, Patrick Engineering Research Center for Computer Integrated Surgical Systems and Technology and Microsurgery Advanced Design Lab Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540411895

This paper reports the development of a new miniature force sensor to measure forces at the tip of a microsurgical instrument in three dimensions with sub-millinewton resolution. This sensor will enable enhanced force feedback during surgical intervention in which a user directly manipulates surgical instruments cooperatively with a forcereflecting robot arm. This "steady-hand" scaled force interaction enables a surgeon to sense millinewton forces between the instrument and delicate body tissues during microsurgery which would otherwise be far below the threshold of human tactile sensing. The magnified force feedback can increase the dexterity of the surgeon and improve safety by preventing large damaging forces from being exerted by the instrument. The design and analysis of the new force sensor is presented with preliminary testing and force scaling control results. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000.

关键词： Feedback

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A probabilistic conceptual design analysis of multi-stage launch vehicles

A probabilistic conceptual design analysis of multi-stage la...

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Collection of Technical Papers - 10th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference

作者： Villeneuve, Frederic Osburg, Jan Mavris, Dimitri N. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 Aerospace Systems Design Lab. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 Aerospace Systems Design Lab. Department of Advanced Design School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332

ISBN: (纸本)1563477165

Current methodology for the conceptual design of space vehicles necessitates the evaluation of a large number of different concepts and configurations. With existing legacy codes, evaluating the performance of all design combinations becomes very time -consuming and design space limiting. Up to now, a commonly used solution to this problem was the creation of quadratic response surface equations. However, the design space of multi-stages space vehicles is highly non-linear and cannot be adequately modeled by such response surface equations. To address this issue, a Rapid Access-to-Space Analysis Code (RASAC) and a Requirements Exploration Tool (RET) were created and are described in this paper. Case study examples are shown in order to see the design process improvement.

关键词： Computer aided design

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Multi-Bandgap Monolithic Metal Nanowire Percolation Network Sensor Integration by Reversible Selective Laser-Induced Redox

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第3期14卷 216-228页

作者： Junhyuk Bang Yeongju Jung Hyungjun Kim Dongkwan Kim Maenghyo Cho Seung Hwan Ko Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‑roGwanak‑guSeoul 151‑742Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University1 Gwanak‑roGwanak‑guSeoul 08826Republic of Korea Institute of Advanced Machines and Design Institute of Engineering ResearchSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

Active electronics are usually composed of semiconductor and metal electrodes which are connected by multiple vacuum deposition steps and photolithography ***,the presence of interface of dissimilar material between semiconductor and metal electrode makes various problems in electrical contacts and mechanical *** ideal electronics should not have defective interfaces of dissimilar *** this study,we developed a novel method to fabricate active electronic components in a monolithic seamless fashion where both metal and semiconductor can be prepared from the same monolith material without creating a semiconductor-metal interface by reversible selective laser-induced redox(rSLIR)***,rSLIR can control the oxidation state of transition metal(Cu)to yield semiconductors with two different bandgap states(Cu_(2)O and CuO with bandgaps of 2.1 and 1.2 eV,respectively),which may allow multifunctional sensors with multiple bandgaps from the same *** novel method enables the seamless integration of single-phase Cu,Cu_(2)O,and CuO,simultaneously while allowing reversible,selec-tive conversion between oxidation states by simply shining laser ***,we fabricated a flexible monolithic metal-semiconduc-tor-metal multispectral photodetector that can detect multiple *** unique monolithic characteristics of rSLIR process can provide next-generation electronics fabrication method overcoming the limitation of conventional photolithography methods.

关键词： Monolithic integration Seamless interface Multi-bandgap nanowire Laser-induced redox Multispectral photodetector

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Nanodiamond/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene-coated quartz crystal microbalance humidity sensor with high sensitivity and high quality factor

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2719-2729页

作者： Yao Yao Qiao Chen Yan-Qi Li Xian-He Huang Wei-Wei Ling Zhe-MiaoXie Jia-QiWang Chang-Ming Chen College of Communication Engineering Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China School of Automation Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab Department of Systems Design EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3GlCanada

To address the challenge of achieving both high sensitivity and a high quality factor in quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)humidity sensors,a nanodiamond(ND)/Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene composite-coated QCM humidity sensor was *** material characteristics of ND,Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene,and ND/Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene composite were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)*** experimental results demonstrated that the hydrophilic ND nanoparticles coated on Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene nanosheet prevented the self-stacking of Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene and enhanced the sensitivity of Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene-based QCM humidity ***,the high mechanical modulus of Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene material helped ND/Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene composite-coated QCM humidity sensor to achieve a high quality factor(>20,000).ND/Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene compositecoated QCM humidity sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 82.45 Hz/%RH,a humidity hysteresis of 1.1%RH,fast response/recovery times,acceptable repeatability,and good stability from 11.3%RH to 97.3%*** response mechanism of ND/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene composite-coated QCM humidity sensor was analyzed in combination with a bi-exponential kinetic adsorption ***,the potential application of ND/Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene composite-coated QCM humidity sensor was demonstrated through its frequency response to wooden blocks with different moisture contents.

关键词： Humidity sensor Quartz crystal microbalance Nanodiamond Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene High quality factor

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Architecture options for propellant resupply of lunar exploration elements

Architecture options for propellant resupply of lunar explor...

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Space 2006 Conference

作者： Young, James J. Thompson, Robert W. Wilhite, Alan W. Space Systems Design Lab. School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0150 School of Aerospace Engineering AIAA Department of Advanced Aerospace Systems Architecture School of Aerospace Engineering

ISBN: (纸本)1563478242

The NASA Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) produced a transportation architecture for returning humans to the moon affordably and safely, while using commercial services for tasks such as cargo delivery to low earth orbit (LEO). Another potential utilization of commercial services is the delivery of cryogenic propellants to LEO for use in lunar exploration activities. With in-space propellant resupply available, there is the potential to increase the payload that can be put on the moon, increase lunar mission durations, and enable a wider range of lunar missions. The availability of on-orbit cryogenic propellants, either at a propellant depot or directly from a propellant transfer stage, would impact the sizing and reusability of many architecture elements, including the Earth Departure Stage (EDS), the Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) upper stage, the Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM), and the Service Module (SM). These vehicles are modeled to approximate the baseline established by ESAS. Methods and tools used include launch trajectory optimization with POST6, vehicle aerodynamic analysis using APAS 5, weights and sizing using historical and physics based estimating relationships, and cost estimation using NAFCOM7. Uncertainty in estimates of advanced technology performance is modeled using probabilistic methods, such as Monte Carlo simulation. The impact of propellant resupply capability on vehicle design and performance is investigated. The availability of propellant at LEO allows for many possible architecture changes, including increasing the payload delivered to the moon, decreasing the size of the heavy lift launch vehicle, or staging extra propellant in lunar orbit. Other elements could also be designed to be reusable with propellant resupply available, such as the LSAM, the CLV upper stage, and the Service Module. Several of these architecture changes are investigated, and compared via metrics such as mission reliability, cost, and the range of lunar

关键词： Lunar missions

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Development of a lunar architecture simulation environment for evaluation the use of propellant re-supply

Development of a lunar architecture simulation environment f...

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2007 AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference

作者： Young, James J. Wilhite, Alan W. Space Systems Design Lab. School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0150 School of Aerospace Engineering AIAA NASA Advanced Aerospace Systems Architecture School of Aerospace Engineering

ISBN: (纸本)1563479060

The NASA Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS)1 produced a transportation architecture for returning humans to the moon affordably and safely, while using commercial services for tasks such as cargo delivery to low earth orbit (LEO). Another potential utilization of commercial services is the delivery of cryogenic propellants to LEO for use in lunar exploration activities. With in-space propellant re-supply available, there is the potential to increase the payload that can be delivered to the lunar surface, increase lunar mission durations, and enable a wider range of lunar missions. The addition of on-orbit propellant re-supply would have far-reaching effects on the entire exploration architecture. Currently 70% of the weight delivered to LEO by the cargo launch vehicle is propellant needed for the TLI burn. This is a considerable burden and significantly limits the design freedom of the architecture. The ability of commercial providers to deliver cryogenic propellants to LEO may provide for lower cost and better performing lunar architecture. A model of this architecture has been developed to measure the performance, cost, reliability, mission success rate, and various other criteria for a lunar architecture built around propellant re-supply. This model will provide insight into how the addition of propellant re-supply will affect each aspect of a lunar campaign and help measure the benefits and costs associated with the development and utilization of this capability. The environment itself has been developed using parametric models of the individual architecture elements to allow for the quick evaluation of different architecture trades. A morphological matrix of the different trades considered is provided in Figure 1. This provides an easy to follow outline of the different trades studies conducted using this simulation environment. In addition to being able to quickly asses different architecture designs the simulation environment must be able to provid

关键词： Propellants

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Dynamic performance analysis of a thermoelectric cooling-based thermal management system for lithium-ion power batteries

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Case Studies in Thermal engineering 2025年 72卷

作者： Yu Luo Aibing Zhang Dandan Pang Baolin Wang Zhejiang-Italy Joint Lab for Smart Materials and Advanced Structures School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 PR China Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology Henan University of Urban Construction Pingdingshan Henan 467036 PR China School of Engineering Design and Built Environments Western Sydney University Penrith NSW 2751 Australia

Power batteries are crucial for electric vehicles and require effective thermal management due to significant heat generation. Thermoelectric cooling offers a promising solution for heat dissipation and thermal stability in power batteries. This paper presents a theoretical model for a thermoelectric cooling-based thermal management system (TCTMS) for lithium-ion batteries. Analytical solutions for temperature distribution are derived, and thermal stresses from material property mismatches between the thermoelectric legs and ceramic plates are analyzed. The impact of battery charging rate, cooling current, configurational parameters, and heat dissipation conditions of thermoelectric coolers (TECs) on thermal management performance of the TCTMS is investigated. With a thermoelectric leg height of 4 mm, a fill factor of 0.3, and ambient temperature of 298 K, numerical results show that TEC reduces the average battery temperature by 11.1 K and 5.2 K under 1C and 3C charging, respectively, compared to air cooling at a heat convection coefficient of 100 W / ( m 2 K ) . When the heat convection coefficient is 70 W / ( m 2 K ) , the required cooling currents to minimize the maximum battery temperature during 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, and 2C charging are 0.85 A, 0.87 A, 0.9 A, and 0.93 A. This model provides insights for optimizing TCTMS design for lithium-ion power batteries.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Thermoelectric cooling Thermal management Thermal stress Analytical solutions

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Nanowire-assisted freestanding liquid metal thin-film patterns for highly stretchable electrodes on 3D surfaces

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 956-963页

作者： Minwoo Kim Chulmin Cho Wooseop Shin Jung Jae Park Jaewon Kim Phillip Won Carmel Majidi Seung Hwan Ko Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoulGwanak-guKorea Mechatronics Research Samsung ElectronicsHwaseong-siGyeonggi-doKorea Soft Machines Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPAUSA Institute of Advanced Machines and Design/Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea

Stretchable electronics is playing an integral role in fields such as wearable electronics and soft *** soft conductive materials,liquid metal is drawing intense attention as an electrode material due to its liquid nature at room ***,the merits of liquid metal conductor are limited by the presence of substrates or enclosed microchannels from physical disturbances by the underlying substrate when applying it to 3D surface and modifying complex *** overcome this limitation,we develop freestanding patterned liquid metal thin-film conductor(FS-GaIn).FS-GaIn was achieved by introducing metal nanowires to liquid metal and subsequent sequential selective laser processing and etching of directly patterned *** can be applied directly to nonflat surface without *** incorporated into electrical circuits,FS-GaIn shows high electrical conductivity,stretchability,and *** concept of freestanding liquid metal can open a functionality to the conventional liquid metal electronics.

关键词： liquid film free

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Deformation Evolution and Perceptual Prediction for Additive Manufacturing of Lightweight Composite Driven by Hybrid Digital Twins

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical engineering 2024年第5期37卷 94-112页

作者： Jinghua Xu Linxuan Wang Mingyu Gao Chen Jia Qianyong Chen Kang Wang Shuyou Zhang Jianrong Tan Shaomei Fei State Key Lab of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Key Lab of Advanced Manufacturing Technology School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Institute of Design Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore City 639798Singapore

This paper proposes a deformation evolution and perceptual prediction methodology for additive manufacturing of lightweight composite driven by hybrid digital twins(HDT).In order to improve manufacturing quality of irregular lightweight composite through boosting conceptual design in aeronautic and aerospace engineering,the HDT meaning hybridization of physical and digital domains,including deformation and energy efficiency can be built,where the essential parameters can be perceptually predicted in advance,by virtue of the fusion of physical sensors and digital *** long short term memory(LSTM)can be employed to void vanishing gradient problem and improve predicting precision via Recurrent Neural Networks,thereby laying a foundation for the *** diverse manufacturing requirements of different regions are integrated into the parameters designing phase by attaching region weights confirmed via empiricism and in-service *** effects of slicing strategy and external support structures on manufacturing quality are considered from the perspective of improving dimensional *** manufacturing efficiency and comprehensive costs are accounted as consideration factors,which are perceptually predicted via *** designed manufacturing parameters through HDT were virtually examined by evaluating the deformation and equivalent stress distributions of fabricated lightweight component with composite material through AM process *** physical experiments were conducted to verify the HDT-based pre-designing and optimization method of manufacturing parameters via fused deposition modeling(FDM).The energy consumption of actual manufacturing process was measured via digital power meter and applied to evaluate accuracy of perceptual prediction *** dimensional accuracy and distortion distribution of the manufactured lightweight prototype made with composite material were measured through the coordinate measuring machine(CMM)and 3D optica

关键词： Deformation evolution Perceptual prediction Lightweight composite Hybrid digital twins(HDT) Long short term memory(LSTM)

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An Investigation on Child Occupant Safety in Passenger Vehicles based on Accident Data from Changsha, China

An Investigation on Child Occupant Safety in Passenger Vehic...

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The 10th Int. Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety(INFATS)

作者： HUANG Sunan PENG Yong YANG Xingmei YANG Jikuang ZHOU Xuenong ZHANG Chao LIU Zhimin LI Weiqiang Department of Mechanical Engineering Xiamen University of Technology State Key Lab of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body Hunan University Department of Applied Mechanics Chalmers University of Technology Hunan Police Academy

ISBN: (纸本)9781467356527

The objective of this study is to determine the traffic safety situation of child occupants in the urban areas of Changsha, China. For this purpose, accident data were collected from the local traffic police authority. The selected samples have been dated from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010, during which 1,629 traffic accidents involving children occurred in Changsha. A total of 331 child occupants up to 15 years of age were identified in these accidents. A statistical analysis was then conducted in terms of the accident type, accident scenario, child age, gender, injury region, and injury severity. The results indicate that the side impact is the most common accident scenario in the child occupant accidents, accounting for 45% of all the cases. The major type of the accidents is the double-vehicle crashes in which passenger vehicles accounte for 73.4%. No child restraint system (CRS) was identified in the selected accidents. The head and extremity injuries have a high frequency in the child injuries. With the implementation of safety regulations, common knowledge about the traffic safety for child occupants should be strengthened, and CRS will be required in cars to protect child occupants.

关键词： Child occupant, Accident data, Accident characteristics, Statistical analysis

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