Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is gaining momentum for analyzing complex socio-technical systems but it does not yet have the specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork explicitly enough to provide...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780945289395
Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is gaining momentum for analyzing complex socio-technical systems but it does not yet have the specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork explicitly enough to provide good guidance on how to support teams. This paper focuses on expansion of control task analysis (ConTA) the second phase of CWA to understand the collaborative decision making of a surgical team during Cesarean section surgery. Copyright 2011 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is gaining momentum for analyzing complex socio-technical systems but it does not yet have the specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork explicitly enough to provide...
Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is gaining momentum for analyzing complex socio-technical systems but it does not yet have the specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork explicitly enough to provide good guidance on how to support teams. This paper focuses on expansion of control task analysis (ConTA), the second phase of CWA, to understand the collaborative decision making of a surgical team during Cesarean section surgery.
Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a relatively new human factors perspective for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems. However, it does not yet have specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617820885
Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a relatively new human factors perspective for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems. However, it does not yet have specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork explicitly enough to provide good guidance on how to support teams and collaboration. In this paper, Decision Wheels are introduced as an extension to the Decision Ladders for representing collaboration in teamwork environments. This extension would be a significant contribution to both CWA methodology and human factors methods for team situations. It would enable human factors practitioners to understand the cognitive work of teams better, and to design better collaborative systems for teamwork environments. Copyright 2010 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a relatively new human factors perspective for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems. However, it does not yet have specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork e...
Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a relatively new human factors perspective for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems. However, it does not yet have specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork explicitly enough to provide good guidance on how to support teams and collaboration. In this paper, Decision Wheels are introduced as an extension to the Decision Ladders for representing collaboration in teamwork environments. This extension would be a significant contribution to both CWA methodology and human factors methods for team situations. It would enable human factors practitioners to understand the cognitive work of teams better, and to design better collaborative systems for teamwork environments.
Assisted target detection (ATD) systems are designed to direct the user's attention to relevant areas of the display, but the majority of the research into the use of such systems does not consider the design of t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617820885
Assisted target detection (ATD) systems are designed to direct the user's attention to relevant areas of the display, but the majority of the research into the use of such systems does not consider the design of the cue itself. Within a search and rescue (SAR) context, there is a possibility that cues designed to facilitate effective search could in fact distract a SAR operator's search of the terrain, reducing the probability of locating a crashed aircraft. In order to determine if salience matters in the design of an ATD system for video-based sensor systems, it is important to study the impact of highly salient cues on visual search. In a previous experiment where the saliency of a cue was varied using different levels of cue brightness in a search task with static imagery, it was found that the more salient cues produced faster response times without any detrimental effects on accuracy. In the present experiment we used dynamic imagery from a SAR simulator. We found that cues of different brightness improved the sensitivity (d') of participants when compared to conditions in which no cues were available, but there was no evidence of any differences between the different levels of cue brightness. These findings suggest that cue brightness may not influence the salience of cues as much as one might expect in the context of a full-motion simulation. Other visual dimensions such as visual onsets or colour may potentially play a larger role in determining the saliency of ATD system cues when used in a task involving motion such as SAR.
Our experience report describes the design and development of an educational game for interactive, multi-touch tabletop displays. The game has been designed for children aged 5-10 on the SMART Tabletop platform. This ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450304030
Our experience report describes the design and development of an educational game for interactive, multi-touch tabletop displays. The game has been designed for children aged 5-10 on the SMART Tabletop platform. This experience report describes the process, design and development of our application and the implications we have drawn from this work in the design of educational technologies for interactive multi-touch tabletops. To investigate the effectiveness of our design, and to identify potential issues in deploying our software, we conducted participant interviews. Based on our design and development process, as well as our participant feedback, we have identified several key issues regarding the development of educational software for K-5 aged (5-10 years old) children on digital tabletops. This research was conducted at the university of waterloo jointly by the Collaborative systemslaboratory and the Critical Media lab. Copyright 2010 ACM.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) grown on substrates are potential electron sources in field emission applications. Several studies have reported the use of CNTs in field emission devices, including field emission displays, X-...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780791844472
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) grown on substrates are potential electron sources in field emission applications. Several studies have reported the use of CNTs in field emission devices, including field emission displays, X-ray tube, electron microscopes, cathode-ray lamps, etc. Also, in recent years, conventional cold field emission cathodes have been realized in micro-fabricated arrays for medical X-ray imaging. CNTbased field emission cathode devices have potential applications in a variety of industrial and medical applications, including cancer treatment. Field emission performance of a single isolated CNT is found to be remarkable, but the situation becomes complex when an array of CNTs is used. At the same time, use of arrays of CNTs is practical and economical. Indeed, such arrays on cathode substrates can be grown easily and their collective dynamics can be utilized in a statistical sense such that the average emission intensity is high enough and the collective dynamics lead to longer emission life. The authors in their previous publications had proposed a novel approach to obtain stabilized field emission current from a stacked CNT array of pointed height distribution. A mesoscopic modeling technique was employed, which took into account electro-mechanical forces in the CNTs, as well as transport of conduction electron coupled with electron-phonon induced heat generation from the CNT tips. The reported analysis of pointed arrangements of the array showed that the current density distribution was greatly localized in the middle of the array, the scatter due to electrodynamic force field was minimized, and the temperature transients were much smaller compared to those in an array with random height distribution. In the present paper we develop a method to compute the emission efficiency of the CNT array in terms of the amount of electrons hitting the anode surface using trajectory calculations. Effects of secondary electron emission and parasitic capacitive nonlin
Assisted target detection (ATD) systems are designed to direct the user's attention to relevant areas of the display, but the majority of the research into the use of such systems does not consider the design of t...
Assisted target detection (ATD) systems are designed to direct the user's attention to relevant areas of the display, but the majority of the research into the use of such systems does not consider the design of the cue itself. Within a search and rescue (SAR) context, there is a possibility that cues designed to facilitate effective search could in fact distract a SAR operator's search of the terrain, reducing the probability of locating a crashed aircraft. In order to determine if salience matters in the design of an ATD system for video-based sensor systems, it is important to study the impact of highly salient cues on visual search. In a previous experiment where the saliency of a cue was varied using different levels of cue brightness in a search task with static imagery, it was found that the more salient cues produced faster response times without any detrimental effects on accuracy. In the present experiment we used dynamic imagery from a SAR simulator. We found that cues of different brightness improved the sensitivity (d') of participants when compared to conditions in which no cues were available, but there was no evidence of any differences between the different levels of cue brightness. These findings suggest that cue brightness may not influence the salience of cues as much as one might expect in the context of a full-motion simulation. Other visual dimensions such as visual onsets or colour may potentially play a larger role in determining the saliency of ATD system cues when used in a task involving motion such as SAR.
While most homes are inherently social places, existing devices designed to control consumer electronics typically only support single user interaction. Further, as the number of consumer electronics in modern homes i...
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Extracting natural groups of the unlabeled data is known as clustering. To improve the stability and robustness of the clustering outputs, clustering ensembles have emerged recently. In this paper, an ensemble of part...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605581309
Extracting natural groups of the unlabeled data is known as clustering. To improve the stability and robustness of the clustering outputs, clustering ensembles have emerged recently. In this paper, an ensemble of particle swarm clustering algorithms is proposed. That is, the members of the ensemble are based on the cooperative swarms clustering approaches. The performance of the proposed particle swarm clustering ensemble is evaluated using different data sets and is compared to that of other clustering techniques.
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