Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a relatively new human factors perspective for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems. However, it does not yet have specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617820885
Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a relatively new human factors perspective for analyzing complex sociotechnical systems. However, it does not yet have specific tools and techniques that allow it to address teamwork explicitly enough to provide good guidance on how to support teams and collaboration. In this paper, Decision Wheels are introduced as an extension to the Decision Ladders for representing collaboration in teamwork environments. This extension would be a significant contribution to both CWA methodology and human factors methods for team situations. It would enable human factors practitioners to understand the cognitive work of teams better, and to design better collaborative systems for teamwork environments. Copyright 2010 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multi-atlas label fusion is a widely used approach in medical image analysis that has improved the accuracy of segmentation. Majority voting, as the most common combination strategy, weighs each candidate in the atlas...
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Medical images can be a valuable resource for reliable information to support medical diagnosis. However, the large volume of medical images makes it challenging to retrieve relevant information given a particular sce...
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Geometric calibration methods tend to rely on precalibrated cameras or real calibration targets. Here we explore the chal-lenge of achieving a sufficiently accurate projector system calibration for complex projection ...
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Although advances in computing power have greatly improved computer chess playing, human chess players still rival their computer counter-parts. Computer algorithms typically use a strategy of exhaustive search, which...
Although advances in computing power have greatly improved computer chess playing, human chess players still rival their computer counter-parts. Computer algorithms typically use a strategy of exhaustive search, which is unlikely to be used by human players. We hypothesized that human chess players recognize higher order properties of the game and use these properties to limit their need for exhaustive move searching. We used graph theoretic modeling to quantitatively determine three possible higher order properties. We then conducted an experiment by using the higher order properties to preselect moves for a typical exhaustive search chess engine. We played the enhanced chess engine against its unenhanced version in six games. The enhanced version won all six games, regardless of color played, suggesting that pre-selection of moves based on higher order properties of the game is indeed a viable strategy.
In designing large ecological displays, designers are faced with the question of how to display multiple levels of abstract information. Previous research has shown that people may perform better, in terms of diagnosi...
In designing large ecological displays, designers are faced with the question of how to display multiple levels of abstract information. Previous research has shown that people may perform better, in terms of diagnosis speed and accuracy, if multiple levels of information are presented in an integrated format (Burns, 2000). We repeated the study of Burns (2000) which looks at providing abstract information in three formats - one level at a time, windowed and integrated. We collected eye tracking data at intervals throughout the experiment. Our eye-tracker was able to collect pupil diameter measures and changes. Results showed no notable difference in pupil diameter measures between the integrated condition and the one level at a time condition, but notably higher increases in pupil diameter when abstract information was in separate windows. Furthermore, pupil diameters increased over time in the windowed condition, suggesting that workload with this display may have been increasing. These preliminary data suggest that separating levels of abstract information may increase the mental workload of operators.
Ecological interfacedesign (EID) has been shown to be an effective design approach for building single-operator interfaces for complex systems. However, in such systems, operators typically are also a part of a team....
Ecological interfacedesign (EID) has been shown to be an effective design approach for building single-operator interfaces for complex systems. However, in such systems, operators typically are also a part of a team. An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of EID on collaboration. Teams of two operated a feed water simulator, DURESSj, through a series of scenarios given either the EID interface or the Non-EID interface. It was found that there was no penalty to using EID, as scenario completion times with the EID interface were equivalent to the Non-EID interface. Indeed, EID operators demonstrated evidence of more robust control and reported significantly lower mental workload especially when dealing with system faults.
This paper discusses the results of a Work Domain Analysis (WDA) applied to the management of diabetes. The goal is to develop a conceptual framework to help diabetic patients understand and manage their disease. The ...
This paper discusses the results of a Work Domain Analysis (WDA) applied to the management of diabetes. The goal is to develop a conceptual framework to help diabetic patients understand and manage their disease. The results of the WDA will be used to design and implement mobile and desktop information displays that will be used by the patient and their health care team. This poses additional challenges in demonstrating if and how Ecological interfacedesign can be used to design medical information displays on various mobile devices. When applied to this medical domain, the usefulness of the WDA to the design of medical information displays becomes restricted because of the complex, interconnected processes involved and the limited amount of sensor data available. Alternatively, the Work Domain representation can be used as a teaching resource or used to define requirements for future monitoring technologies.
Healthcare applications for small-screen mobile devices are becoming increasingly common for medical professionals and patients. Even so, usability issues including navigation and screen clutter remain a challenge. Ec...
Healthcare applications for small-screen mobile devices are becoming increasingly common for medical professionals and patients. Even so, usability issues including navigation and screen clutter remain a challenge. Ecological interfacedesign (EID) was used to design a patient-oriented diabetes management display for Java-enabled mobile devices, making it one of the first mobile EID (mEID) applications. This paper presents a usability evaluation of the diabetes management application, which compares the mEID display to a modified taskbased display (mEID+Task). The mEID+Task display integrates functional task characteristics such as frequency and necessity; menu structure, item ordering, item labelling, and input scheme were varied. Results showed that normalised trial completion times were moderately faster in the mEID+Task display than in the mEID display, while no differences were observed in trial completion accuracy. Furthermore, the mEID+Task display received higher preference ratings than the mEID display alone. The findings suggest that the usability of mEID displays can be improved by incorporating a task-oriented approach.
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