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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2006, IJCNN '06

作者： Shokri, Maryam Tizhoosh, Hamid R. Kamel, Mohamed Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West ON N2L 3G1 Canada Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West ON N2L 3G1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780394909

The problem of delayed reward in reinforcement learning is usually tackled by implementing the mechanism of eligibility traces. In this paper we introduce an extension of eligibility traces to solve one of the challenging problems in reinforcement learning. The concept of opposition traces is proposed in this work to deal with large state space problems in reinforcement learning applications. We combine the idea of opposition and eligibility traces to construct the oppositionbased Q(λ). The results are compared with the conventional Watkins' Q(λ) and reflect a remarkable performance increase. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Dynamics of variable-geometry electrostatic microactuators

Dynamics of variable-geometry electrostatic microactuators

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2006 ASME International Mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2006

作者： Najar, F. Choura, S. Abdel-Rahman, E.M. El-Borgi, S. Nayfeh, A.H. Applied Mechanics and Systems Research Laboratory Tunisia Polytechnic School BP 743 La Marsa 2078 Tunisia Dept. of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ont. N2L 3G1 Canada Dept. of Engineering Science and Mechanics MC 0219 Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA 24061 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0791837904

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a microbeam-based electrostatic microactuator. The cross-section of the microbeam under consideration varies along its length. A mathematical model, accounting for the system nonlinearities due to mid-plane stretching and electrostatic forcing, is adopted and used to examine the microbeam dynamics. The Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM) are used to discretize the partial-differential-integral equation representing the microbeam dynamics. The resulting nonlinear algebraic system is solved for the limit cycles of various microstructure geometries under combined DC-AC loads and the stability of these limit cycles is examined using Floquet theory. Results are presented to show the effect of variations in the geometry on the frequency-response curves of the microactuator. We examine the effect of varying the gap size and the microbeam thickness and width on the frequency-response curves for hardening-type and softening-type behaviors. We found that it is possible to tune the geometry of the microactuator to eliminate dynamic pull-in. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

关键词： Electrostatic actuators

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Dynamic analysis of a digital micromirror device

Dynamic analysis of a digital micromirror device

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2006 ASME International Mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2006

作者： Chaabane, G. Abdel-Rahman, E.M. Nayfeh, A.H. Choura, S. El-Borgi, S. Jammoussi, H. Applied Mechanics and Systems Research Laboratory Tunisia Polytechnic School BP 743 La Marsa 2078 Tunisia Dept. of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ont. N2L 3G1 Canada Dept. of Engineering Science and Mechanics MC 0219 Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA 24061 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0791837904

We developed a distributed-parameter model (partial differential equations and associated boundary conditions) that describe the coupled torsion and bending motions of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) using the extended Hamilton principle. The work done by the electrostatic field is expressed in the form of a potential energy. It is found that coupling between the torsion and bending motions appears in the boundary conditions. The nonlinearity is mainly due to the application of the electrostatic forces and moments. Nonlinear terms appear only in the boundary conditions. The developed model provides a basis for a thorough study of the static and dynamic behaviors of the electromechanical device. The static response of the DMD for different DC loads shows the occurrence of pull-in (snap-down) instability at critical voltage values corresponding to the collapse of the yoke to mechanical stops. Estimates of the voltage, angle, and deflection at pull-in are given. The dynamic behavior of the DMD is analyzed by plotting the natural frequencies versus the applied DC voltage. We conducted a study of the sensitivity of the static and dynamic behaviors of the micromirror to variations in the geometric parameters of the DMD. It is found that the thickness and width of the hinges are the key parameters influencing the occurrence of static pull-in and the values of the voltage, angle, and deflection at pull-in. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

关键词： Electromechanical devices

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Opposition-Based Q(λ) Algorithm

Opposition-Based Q(λ) Algorithm

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： M. Shokri H.R. Tizhoosh M. Kamel Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo ONT Canada Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo ONT Canada

The problem of delayed reward in reinforcement learning is usually tackled by implementing the mechanism of eligibility traces. In this paper we introduce an extension of eligibility traces to solve one of the challenging problems in reinforcement learning. The concept of opposition traces is proposed in this work to deal with large state space problems in reinforcement learning applications. We combine the idea of opposition and eligibility traces to construct the opposition-based Q(lambda). The results are compared with the conventional Watkins' Q(lambda) and reflect a remarkable performance increase.

关键词： Learning Delay Acceleration Neural networks Pattern analysis Machine intelligence Laboratories System analysis and design design engineering systems engineering and theory

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Search Space Analysis of Recurrent Spiking and Continuous-time Neural Networks

Search Space Analysis of Recurrent Spiking and Continuous-ti...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： M. Ventresca B. Ombuki Systems Design Engineering and member of the Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada Department of Computing and Information Science University of Guelph Guelph ONT Canada Computer Science Department Brock University Saint Catharines ONT Canada

The problem of designing recurrent continuous-time and spiking neural networks is NP-Hard. A common practice is to utilize stochastic searches, such as evolutionary algorithms, to automatically construct acceptable networks. The outcome of the stochastic search is related to its ability to navigate the search space of neural networks and discover those of high quality. In this paper we investigate the search space associated with designing the above recurrent neural networks in order to differentiate which network should be easier to automatically design via a stochastic search. Our investigation utilizes two popular dynamic systems problems; (1) the Henon map and (2) the inverted pendulum as a benchmark.

关键词： Neural networks Recurrent neural networks Stochastic processes Chaotic communication Neurons Biological system modeling Evolutionary computation Navigation Helium Visualization

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Baseband analog front-end and digital back-end for reconfigurable multi-standard terminals

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IEEE Circuits and systems Magazine 2006年第1期6卷 8-26页

作者： Baschirotto, A. Castello, Rinaldo Campi, Fabio Cesura, Giovanni Toma, Mario Guerrieri, Roberte Lodi, Andrea Lavagno, Luciano Malcovati, Piero Department of Electronics University of Pavia Italy STMicroelectronics Italy Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems University of Bologna Italy Department of Electronics Politecnico di Torino Italy Department of Electrical Engineering University of Pavia Italy Department of Central Research and Development ST Microelectronics Italy Bologna Italy Department of Electronics University of Pavia Italy Italy Solid State Circuit Society IEEE Italy IEEE Italy Semiconductor Laboratory Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial and Extrater- Restrial Physics Munich Germany New IP and Design Support of the Computer and Peripheral Group of ST-Microelectronics University of Bologna Italy Politecnico di Torino Italy Cadence Berkeley Laboratories United States STMicroelectronics Italy Bologna Italy Department of Electrical Engineering University of Pavia Italy CR and D ST-Microelectronics Agrate Brianza Italy

Multimedia applications are driving wireless network operators to add high-speed data services such as Edge (E-GPRS), WCDMA (UMTS) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11a,b,g) to the existing network. This creates the need for multi-mode cellular handsets that support a wide range of communication standards, each with a different RF freguency, signal bandwidth, modulation scheme, etc. This in turn generates several design challenges for the analog and digital building blocks of the physical layer. In addition to the above-mentioned protocols, mobile devices often include Bluetooth, GPS, FM-radio and TV services that can work concurrently with data and voice communication. Multi-mode, multi-band, and multi-standard mobile terminals must satisfy all these different reguirements. Sharing and/or switching transceiver building blocks in these handsets is mandatory in order to extend battery life and/or to reduce cost. Only adaptive circuits that are able to reconfigure themselves within the handover time can meet the design reguirements of a single receiver or transmitter covering all the different standards while ensuring seamless inter-interoperability. This paper presents analog and digital base-band circuits that are able to support GSM (with Edge), WCDMA (UMTS), WLAN and Bluetooth using reconfigurable building blocks. The blocks can trade off power consumption for performance on the fly, depending on the standard to be supported and the reguired QoS (Quality of Service) level. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Computer terminals

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Usability evaluation of a mobile ecological interface design application for diabetes management

Usability evaluation of a mobile ecological interface design...

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49th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, HFES 2005

作者： Kwok, Jordanna Burns, Catherine M. Advanced Interface Design Lab. Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)094528926X

Healthcare applications for small-screen mobile devices are becoming increasingly common for medical professionals and patients. Even so, usability issues including navigation and screen clutter remain a challenge. Ecological interface design (EID) was used to design a patient-oriented diabetes management display for Java-enabled mobile devices, making it one of the first mobile EID (mEID) applications. This paper presents a usability evaluation of the diabetes management application, which compares the mEID display to a modified taskbased display (mEID+Task). The mEID+Task display integrates functional task characteristics such as frequency and necessity;menu structure, item ordering, item labelling, and input scheme were varied. Results showed that normalised trial completion times were moderately faster in the mEID+Task display than in the mEID display, while no differences were observed in trial completion accuracy. Furthermore, the mEID+Task display received higher preference ratings than the mEID display alone. The findings suggest that the usability of mEID displays can be improved by incorporating a task-oriented approach.

关键词： Mobile devices

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Choosing the best from the good: Display engineering principles

Choosing the best from the good: Display engineering princip...

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49th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, HFES 2005

作者： Burns, Catherine M. Advanced Interface Design Lab. Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)094528926X

Most guidance documents on display design either provide a rigid design standard or a list of high level principles. I argue that neither of these approaches is adequate for a complex display design effort. We need instead to develop a category of higher level "display engineering" principles and methods that can consistently drive a professional display designer to best practices in display design. While this concept of display engineering principles still needs development, I will propose two example display engineering practices, graphical object sensitivity analysis and display design with a margin of safety as examples of what could be gained by establishing a systematic display engineering process.

关键词： Display devices

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Usability Evaluation of a Mobile Ecological interface design Application for Diabetes Management

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Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 2005年第11期49卷 1042 - 1046页

作者： Jordanna Kwok Catherine M. Burns Advanced Interface Design Lab Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada

Healthcare applications for small-screen mobile devices are becoming increasingly common for medical professionals and patients. Even so, usability issues including navigation and screen clutter remain a challenge. Ecological interface design (EID) was used to design a patient-oriented diabetes management display for Java-enabled mobile devices, making it one of the first mobile EID (mEID) applications. This paper presents a usability evaluation of the diabetes management application, which compares the mEID display to a modified taskbased display (mEID+Task). The mEID+Task display integrates functional task characteristics such as frequency and necessity; menu structure, item ordering, item labelling, and input scheme were varied. Results showed that normalised trial completion times were moderately faster in the mEID+Task display than in the mEID display, while no differences were observed in trial completion accuracy. Furthermore, the mEID+Task display received higher preference ratings than the mEID display alone. The findings suggest that the usability of mEID displays can be improved by incorporating a task-oriented approach.

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Choosing The Best from the Good: Display engineering Principles

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Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 2005年第17期49卷 1556 - 1560页

作者： Catherine M. Burns Advanced Interface Design Lab Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada

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