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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： T.T. Ho P.W. Fieguth A.S. Willski Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Canada

We recently developed a multiscale recursive estimation procedure for the estimation of large-scale dynamic systems. The procedure propagates multiscale models for the estimation errors more efficiently than the Kalman filter's propagation of the error covariances, with a resulting computational complexity of 𝒪(N) and 𝒪(N 3/2 ), where N is the number of variables estimated, for 1-D and 2-D dynamic systems, respectively. To further reduce the computational cost, we introduce in this paper a new class of reduced-order spatially-interpolated multiscale models, and demonstrate their use in remote.

关键词： Recursive estimation Estimation error Computational efficiency Decorrelation Laboratories design engineering systems engineering and theory Space technology Large-scale systems Kalman filters

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An information theoretic image-quality measure

An information theoretic image-quality measure

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： O. Elbadawy M.R. El-Sakka M.S. Kamel Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

Lossy image compression techniques aim at encoding images with a minimal representation. During this process, some visually useful information may be lost. Assessing the information loss in decompressed images is not an easy task. In this paper, a new quantitative image-quality measure is introduced. This new measure incorporates information theory into the most commonly used objective criterion (the mean square error). The new measure has been tested by experiments performed on a wide variety of images. The results show an increase in the correlation between subjective rating by human observers and the normalized mean square error after applying the new measure.

关键词： Image coding Testing Mean square error methods Humans Image quality Information theory Layout Pattern analysis Machine intelligence Laboratories

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Hierarchical methods for global-scale estimation problems

Hierarchical methods for global-scale estimation problems

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： P.W. Fieguth M.R. Allen M.J. Murray Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada Department of Physics University of Oxford UK Rutherford and Appleton Laboratory Didcot UK

There is a substantial signal-processing challenge associated with large-scale (especially global-scale) remote-sensing problems: solving the statistical inverse problem (i.e. deducing the properties of the sensed field from measurements) by brute force, that is by covariance matrix inversion, is completely impractical for fields involving millions of pixels. This paper reports on the ongoing development of an alternative technique, in which the statistical problem is modeled on a multiscale tree, applied to estimating sea-surface temperature (SST) based on infrared radiance observations from the along-track scanning radiometers (ATSRs).

关键词： Ocean temperature Signal resolution Remote sensing Sea measurements Force measurement Atmospheric modeling Sea surface Statistics Decorrelation Satellites

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Recapitalizing the Navy through optimized manning and improved reliability

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 61-72页

作者： Anderson, DE Malone, TB Baker, CC Mr. David E. Anderson:is a Navel Engineer with the Naval Sea Systems Command where he is currently assigmd to the HumanSystems Integration branch. Mr Anderson has a Bachelor of Science degree an Environmental Engineering from Flurida Technological University and a Master's in Environmental Engiwering from the University of Central Flurida. He currentEy is an HSI manager for a number oflvay R&D and skig acquisition efforts. Dr. Thomas B. Malone:received a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is President of Carlow International Incorporated an organization dedicated to human factors research and development with emphasis an mantime systems. He has directed over 350 programs and projects in his 33 year career and is responsible for overall management of all contract programs within the Corporation. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and E r g m i c s Society (HFES) of which he is a Fellow. He is also a Fellow of the Washington Academy of Sciences He was selected as a member of the N A S Space Sciences Technical Advisuiy Committee on Technoloo Requirements for Human Performance on Long Duration Space Missions in 2989 and 90. He was elected as the First Chair of the Systems Development Technical Group of the HFES. Dr Malone is currently managing eflorts to devehp and auto- mate standardized processes for canducting human systems integration (HSI) in the military weapon systems acquisition process and fov developing automated tools to facilitate fledormance of specific steps in the HSI process. Dr Malone also is currently occupied in applying human engineering to the DD 21 and is serving as the Chair ofthe System ManninglHuman Perfomzance Working IPT under the DD 21 ManninglHSI IPT chaired ty PMS 500M. Mr. Clifford Baker:has over 20 years experience in developing and applying human factors technology to complex systems. He holds a masters degree in psychology with a specialization in human factors engineering and he is a Board Certified Human Factors Engineering Profesional

Reduced manning is the process (and the result) of removing human functions from a system while retaining or improving system operability and effectiveness. Reliability and maintainability characterize a system's operability and effectiveness. Reduced manning impacts system reliability by changing the characteristics of (1) human error associated with system operation and maintenance, (2) time to repair failed components, and (3) mean-time-between-failures (MBTF) in a reduced manning environment. Simply reducing manning without compensating for system dependence on human involvement generally has a negative impact on system maintainability. Methods to address this include (1) human-system integration design of maintenance interfaces and (2) design of operations activities that are closely related to device failures. After demonstrating reliable performance through testing and operation, ship commanders can be assured that fewer people can effectively operate and maintain Navy ships and systems.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Parallel processor system specific for Monte Carlo analysis based on ring bus architecture

Parallel processor system specific for Monte Carlo analysis ...

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International Workshop on Computational Electronics

作者： H. Kurino T. Ono N. Kuroishi T. Kawata N. Miyakawa M. Fukase R. Aibara M. Koyanagi Intelligent System Design Laboratory Department of Machine Intelligent and Systems Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Tohoku Sendai Japan Advanced Technology & Engineering Center Fuji Xerox Company Limited Faculty of Science and Technology Hirosaki University Information Processing Center Hiroshima Institute of Technology

We have developed a new parallel processor system specific for the MC analysis, to dramatically reduce the calculation time. Our parallel processor system is based on ring bus architecture. The RISC micro processor chip, which contains a ring bus interface unit (RBIU), a floating point arithmetic unit (FAU) and so on, was also developed for our system. Speed up ratio compared with a single processor reached to 13.5 at 23 PEs.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods design engineering Analytical models Computational modeling Master-slave Intelligent systems Machine intelligence Poisson equations System analysis and design systems engineering and theory

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Local misorientation change along grain boundary in coarse-grained YBa2Cu3O7-X prepared by melt-texturing process

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SCRIPTA MATERIALIA 1997年第2期37卷 141-145页

作者： Yamaura, S Nakashio, K Igarashi, Y Watanabe, T Laboratory of Materials Design and Interface Engineering Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan

The present investigation has revealed that the misorientation angle can change locally and systematically along a grain boundary due to the interaction with sub-boundaries in coarse-grained YBCO grown by the MPMG process. More detailed analysis of grain boundary character is required for engineering grain boundaries in superconducting polycrystalline YBCO. References 1. D. Dimos, P. Chaudhari and J. Mannhart. Phys. Rev. B 41 (1990), p. 4038. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (537) 2. S.E. Babcock, X.Y. Cai, D.L. Kaiser and D.C. Larbalestier. Nature 347 (1990), p. 167. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (71) 3. C.B. Eom, A.F. Marshall, Y. Suzuki, B. Boyer, R.F. Pease and T.H. Geballe. Nature 353 (1991), p. 544. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (2) 4. Yimei Zhu. Phil. Mag. A 69 (1994), p. 717. Full Text via CrossRef 5. A.H. King and Y. Zhu. Phil. Mag. A 67 (1993), p. 1037. Full Text via CrossRef 6. S. Jin, T.H. Tiefel, R.C. Sherwood, M.E. Davis, R.B. Van Dover, G.W. Kammlott, R.A. Fastnacht and H.D. Keith. Appl. Phys. Lett. 52 (1988), p. 2074. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (180) 7. S.I. Yoo, N. Sakai, H. Takaichi, T. Higuchi and M. Murakami. Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 (1994), p. 633. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (437) 8. M. Nilsson-Mellbin, A. Parikh and K. Salama. Physica C 223 (1994), p. 19. Abstract | PDF (710 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (11) 9. T. Watanabe. Phil. Mag. A 47 (1983), p. 141. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (10) 10. W.J. Kang, K. Yoshimi, S. Hanada, S. Saito, Y. Murayama, S. Hayashi and A. Nagata. J. Appl. Phys. 68 (1990), p. 6341. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (2) 11. D.M. Kroeger and A. Goyal. J. Metals 5 (1988), p. 14. 12. C.S. Nichols and D.R. Clarke. Acta Metall. Mate

关键词： Boundary superconducting materials grain melt texturing Critical current density polycrystalline materials Misalignment granulation thin films Grain boundaries

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An optimized two-step camera calibration method

An optimized two-step camera calibration method

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： H. Bacakoglu M. Kamel Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

An optimized two-step camera calibration algorithm is developed. The proposed method starts with the well known linear calibration which approximates the transformation as a 3/spl times/4 matrix. Based on the results of the linear calibration and the camera model we construct the 4/spl times/4 homogeneous transformation matrix. Quaternion algebra is used to extract the optimum rotation matrix and this optimization is later extended to the other calibration parameters. Our calibration method includes nonlinear optimization which takes into consideration lens distortions. The convergence rate of the nonlinear optimization is accelerated by three more objective functions we introduced. To assess the accuracy of our proposed quaternion method, Euclidean norm of the error matrix between the original and computed homogeneous transformation matrices is calculated and compared to those of the existing methods. Simulations show that the quaternion method yields more accurate results both before and after the nonlinear optimization.

关键词： Optimization methods Cameras Calibration Quaternions Linear approximation Algebra Lenses Nonlinear distortion Convergence Acceleration

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A rough set approach for planner evaluation

A rough set approach for planner evaluation

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： B.K. Sy Wang Jiaxin Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Group System Design Engineering Department University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada Department of Computer Science CUNY Flushing NY USA The State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

This paper discusses a rough set approach for evaluating solutions of scheduling problems. Algorithms for solving scheduling problems are planners and the scheduling problems are modelled as constraint satisfaction problems. Conventional approach for the analysis of algorithms often focuses on the time and representational complexities, and assumes an identical cost on all operations. The proposed rough set approach augments conventional approaches for the analysis of algorithms in two ways: 1) it permits the consideration of different costs arising from different operations; and 2) it allows one to define a new utility for a complexity analysis.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Processor scheduling Set theory Machine intelligence Computer science Costs Search problems Educational institutions Pattern analysis System analysis and design

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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