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Spanning trees of recursive scale-free graphs

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Physical Review E 2022年第2期105卷 024312-024312页

作者： C. Tyler Diggans Erik M. Bollt Daniel ben-Avraham Clarkson Center for Complex Systems Science Clarkson University Potsdam New York 13699 USA Department of Physics Clarkson University Potsdam New York 13699 USA Air Force Research Laboratory: Information Directorate Rome New York 13441 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam New York 13699 USA

We present a link-by-link rule-based method for constructing all members of the ensemble of spanning trees for any recursively generated, finitely articulated graph, such as the Dorogovtsev-Goltsev-Mendes (DGM) net. The recursions allow for many large-scale properties of the ensemble of spanning trees to be analytically solved exactly. We show how a judicious application of the prescribed growth rules selects for certain subsets of the spanning trees with particular desired properties (small world, extended diameter, degree distribution, etc.), and thus approximates and/or provides solutions to several optimization problems on undirected and unweighted networks. The analysis of spanning trees enhances the usefulness of recursive graphs as sophisticated models for everyday life complex networks.

关键词： Coupled oscillators Exhaustive network search Network formation & growth Network optimization

Evaluation of Robustness Metrics for Defense of Machine Learning systems

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Evaluation of Robustness Metrics for Defense of Machine Lear...

International Conference on Military Communications and Information systems (ICMCIS)

作者： J. DeMarchi R. Rijken J. Melrose B. Madahar G. Fumera F. Roli E. Ledda M. Aktaş F. Kurth P. Baggenstoss B. Pelzer L. Kanestad Collaborative Engineering Systems & Aerospace Systems Information Supremacy Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre NLR Amsterdam NLD Cyber & Information Systems Division Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Portondown GBR Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Cagliari Cagliari ITA Department of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and Systems Engineering University of Genoa Genoa ITA Department of Computer Control and Management Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Rome ITA Defence Systems Technologies Division ASELSAN Ankara TUR Fraunhofer Institute for Communication Information Processing and Ergonomics Bonn DEU Swedish Defence Research Agency Cyber Defence and C2 Technology Division Stockholm SWE

In this paper we explore some of the potential applications of robustness criteria for machine learning (ML) systems by way of tangible “demonstrator” scenarios. In each demonstrator, ML robustness metrics are applied to real-world scenarios with military relevance, indicating how they might be used to help detect and handle possible adversarial attacks on ML systems. We conclude by sketching promising future avenues of research in order to: (1) help establish useful verification methodologies to facilitate ML robustness compliance assessment; (2) support development of ML accountability mechanisms; and (3) reliably detect, repel, and mitigate adversarial attack.

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Deep Learning-Based Object Pose Estimation: A Comprehensive Survey

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Jian Sun, Wei Yang, Hui Zeng, Zhiwen Liu, Chongpei Zheng, Jin Liu, Xingyu Rahmani, Hossein Sebe, Nicu Mian, Ajmal The National Engineering Research Center for Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology College of Electrical and Information Engineering the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University Changsha410082 China The School of Architecture and Art Central South University Changsha410082 China The Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China The School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University LA1 4YW United Kingdom The Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento Trento38123 Italy The Department of Computer Science The University of Western Australia WA6009 Australia

Object pose estimation is a fundamental computer vision problem with broad applications in augmented reality and robotics. Over the past decade, deep learning models, due to their superior accuracy and robustness, have increasingly supplanted conventional algorithms reliant on engineered point pair features. Nevertheless, several challenges persist in contemporary methods, including their dependency on labeled training data, model compactness, robustness under challenging conditions, and their ability to generalize to novel unseen objects. A recent survey discussing the progress made on different aspects of this area, outstanding challenges, and promising future directions, is missing. To fill this gap, we discuss the recent advances in deep learning-based object pose estimation, covering all three formulations of the problem, i.e., instance-level, category-level, and unseen object pose estimation. Our survey also covers multiple input data modalities, degrees-of-freedom of output poses, object properties, and downstream tasks, providing the readers with a holistic understanding of this field. Additionally, it discusses training paradigms of different domains, inference modes, application areas, evaluation metrics, and benchmark datasets, as well as reports the performance of current state-of-the-art methods on these benchmarks, thereby facilitating the readers in selecting the most suitable method for their application. Finally, the survey identifies key challenges, reviews the prevailing trends along with their pros and cons, and identifies promising directions for future research. We also keep tracing the latest works at Awesome-Object-Pose-Estimation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

Mapping Phonon Polaritons with Visible Light

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Arledge, Kiernan E. Ellis, Chase T. Sarabi, Nazli Rasouli Whiteside, Vincent R. Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Ratchford, Daniel C. Meeker, Michael A. Weng, Binbin Tischler, Joseph G. Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman73019 United States Center for Quantum Research and Technologies University of Oklahoma Norman73019 United States U.S. Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahoma Norman73019 United States Advanced Research Center City University of New York New York10017 United States

Phonon polaritons (PhPs) are hybrid photon-phonon waves which enable strong light-matter interactions and subdiffractional confinement, potentially empowering applications in sensing, nonlinear optics and nanoscale energy manipulation. In this work, we use confocal Raman microscopy to investigate the coupling between bulk phonon modes and localized surface phonon polariton (SPhP) modes in indium phosphide (InP) nanopillars and 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) gratings. The Raman intensity within the nanostructures is described in terms of the SPhP eigenmodes and used to reconstruct the field intensity, providing a method to map SPhP eigenmodes using visible and near-IR light. Our results indicate that, contrary to expectation, all Raman-active bulk phonon modes of InP and 4H-SiC couple to the localized SPhP modes. Further, we confirm that polarizability selection rules form the predominant coupling mechanism between phonons and SPhP modes, with electron-phonon coupling playing a role for certain phonon modes (A1(LO) and E1(TO) in 4H-SiC). These observations provide a method for extending Raman studies of PhP modes to achieve full 3D reconstruction of the PhP eigenmodes and visualize light-matter interactions within nanostructures, thus advancing Raman scattering as a technique for understanding PhP modes. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Indium phosphide

Efficient carpooling and toll pricing for autonomous transportation

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Amin, Saurabh Jaillet, Patrick Wu, Manxi Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems and Operations Research Center United States CambridgeMA United States

In this paper, we address the existence and computation of competitive equilibrium in the transportation market for autonomous carpooling first proposed by [18]. At equilibrium, the market organizes carpooled trips over a transportation network in a socially optimal manner and sets the corresponding payments for individual riders and toll prices on edges. The market outcome ensures individual rationality, stability of carpooled trips, budget balance, and market clearing properties under heterogeneous rider preferences. We show that the question of market’s existence can be resolved by proving the existence of an integer optimal solution of a linear programming problem. We characterize conditions on the network topology and riders’ disutility for carpooling under which a market equilibrium can be computed in polynomial time. This characterization relies on ideas from the theory of combinatorial auctions and minimum cost network flow problem. Finally, we characterize a market equilibrium that achieves strategyproofness and maximizes welfare of individual riders. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Polynomial approximation

Pay Less But Get More: A Dual-Attention-based Channel Estimation Network for Massive MIMO systems with Low-Density Pilots

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Binggui Yang, Xi Ma, Shaodan Gao, Feifei Yang, Guanghua The School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering Jinan University Zhuhai519070 China The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau 999078 China The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing School of Communication and Electronic Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai200241 China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China The School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering The GBA and B&R International Joint Research Center for Smart Logistics Jinan University Zhuhai519070 China

To reap the promising benefits of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, accurate channel state information (CSI) is required through channel estimation. However, due to the complicated wireless propagation environment and large-scale antenna arrays, precise channel estimation for massive MIMO systems is significantly challenging and costs an enormous training overhead. Considerable time-frequency resources are consumed to acquire sufficient accuracy of CSI, which thus severely degrades systems’ spectral and energy efficiencies. In this paper, we propose a dual-attention-based channel estimation network (DACEN) to realize accurate channel estimation via low-density pilots, by jointly learning the spatial-temporal domain features of massive MIMO channels with the temporal attention module and the spatial attention module. To further improve the estimation accuracy, we propose a parameter-instance transfer learning approach to transfer the channel knowledge learned from the high-density pilots pre-acquired during the training dataset collection period. Experimental results reveal that the proposed DACEN-based method achieves better channel estimation performance than the existing methods under various pilot-density settings and signal-to-noise ratios. Additionally, with the proposed parameter-instance transfer learning approach, the DACEN-based method achieves additional performance gain, thereby further demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel estimation

Toward Ambient Intelligence: Federated Edge Learning with Task-Oriented Sensing, Computation, and Communication Integration

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Liu, Peixi Zhu, Guangxu Wang, Shuai Jiang, Wei Luo, Wu Poor, H. Vincent Cui, Shuguang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Peking University Beijing China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ08544 United States Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China Peng Cheng Laboratory China

With the breakthroughs in deep learning and contactless sensors, the recent years have witnessed a rise of ambient intelligence applications and services, spanning from healthcare delivery to intelligent home. Federated edge learning (FEEL), as a privacy-enhancing paradigm of collaborative learning at the network edge, is expected to be the core engine to achieve ambient intelligence. Sensing, computation, and communication (SC2) are highly coupled processes in FEEL and need to be jointly designed in a task-oriented manner for pursuing the best FEEL performance under the stringent resource constraints at the edge devices. However, this remains an open problem as there is a lack of theoretical understanding on how the SC2 resource jointly affect the FEEL performance. In this paper, we address the problem of joint SC2 resource allocation for FEEL via a concrete case study of human motion recognition based on wireless sensing in ambient intelligence. First, by analyzing the wireless sensing process in human motion recognition, we find that there exists a thresholding value for the sensing transmit power, exceeding which yields sensing data samples with approximately the same satisfactory quality. Then, the joint SC2 resource allocation problem is cast to maximize the convergence speed of FEEL, under the constraints on training time, energy supply, and sensing quality of each edge device. Solving this problem entails solving two subproblems in order: the first one reduces to determine the joint sensing and communication resource allocation that maximizes the total number of samples that can be sensed during the entire training process;the second one concerns the partition of the attained total number of sensed samples over all the communication rounds to determine the batch size at each round for convergence speed maximization. The first subproblem on joint sensing and communication resource allocation is converted to a single-variable optimization problem by exploiting

关键词： motion estimation

The Dynamics and Control of the Fractional Forms of Some Rational Chaotic Maps

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Journal of systems Science & Complexity 2020年第3期33卷 584-603页

作者： OUANNAS Adel KHENNAOUI Amina-Aicha BENDOUKHA Samir WANG Zhen PHAM Viet-Thanh Laboratory of Mathematics Informatics and Systems(LAMIS)University of Larbi TebessiTebessa 12002Algeria Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of Larbi Ben M'hidiOum El BouaghiAlgeria Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringYanbuTaibah UniversitySaudi Arabia Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source School of ScienceXijing UniversityXi'an 710123China Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study(PIAS)Phenikaa UniversityYen NghiaHa Dong districtHanoi 100000Vietnam Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute(PRATI) A&A Green Phoenix Group167 Hoang NganHanoi 100000Vietnam

This paper proposes three fractional discrete chaotic systems based on the Rulkov,Chang,and Zeraoulia–Sprott rational *** dynamics of the proposed maps are investigated by means of phase plots and bifurcations *** stabilization schemes are proposed for each of the three maps and the convergence of the states is established by using the Lyapunov ***,a combination synchronization scheme is proposed whereby a combination of the fractional Rulkov and Chang maps is synchronized to the fractional Zeraoulia-Sprott *** results are used to confirm the findings of the paper.

关键词： Fractional discrete chaos fractional rational maps stabilization synchronization

Seamless monolithic three-dimensional integration of single-crystalline films by growth

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kim, Ki Seok Seo, Seunghwan Kwon, Junyoung Lee, Doyoon Kim, Changhyun Jung-El, Ryu Kim, Jekyung Song, Min-Kyu Suh, Jun Min Jung, Hang-Gyo Jo, Youhwan Ahn, Hogeun Lee, Sangho Cho, Kyeongjae Jeon, Jongwook Seol, Minsu Park, Jin-Hong Kim, Sang Won Kim, Jeehwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States 2D Device Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon Korea Republic of Device Research Center Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon Korea Republic of Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon-si Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080 United States Sungkyunkwan University Suwon-si Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

The demand for the three-dimensional (3D) integration of electronic components is on a steady rise. The through-silicon-via (TSV) technique emerges as the only viable method for integrating single-crystalline device components in a 3D format, despite encountering significant processing challenges. While monolithic 3D (M3D) integration schemes show promise, the seamless connection of single-crystalline semiconductors without intervening wafers has yet to be demonstrated. This challenge arises from the inherent difficulty of growing single crystals on amorphous or polycrystalline surfaces post the back-end-of-the-line process at low temperatures to preserve the underlying circuitry. Consequently, a practical growth-based solution for M3D of single crystals remains elusive. Here, we present a method for growing single-crystalline channel materials, specifically composed of transition metal dichalcogenides, on amorphous and polycrystalline surfaces at temperatures lower than 400 °C. Building on this developed technique, we demonstrate the seamless monolithic integration of vertical single-crystalline logic transistor arrays. This accomplishment leads to the development of unprecedented vertical CMOS arrays, thereby constructing vertical inverters. Ultimately, this achievement sets the stage to pave the way for M3D integration of various electronic and optoelectronic hardware in the form of single crystals. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Single crystals