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arXiv 2023年

作者： He, Fuchao Shi, Zheng Yang, Guanghua Li, Xiaofan Ye, Xinrong Ma, Shaodan the School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering and GBA B&R International Joint Research Center for Smart Logistics Jinan University Zhuhai519070 China the School of Physics and Electronic Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu241002 China the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau China

This paper introduces hybrid automatic repeat request with incremental redundancy (HARQ-IR) to boost the reliability of short packet communications. The finite blocklength information theory and correlated decoding events tremendously preclude the analysis of average block error rate (BLER). Fortunately, the recursive form of average BLER motivates us to calculate its value through the trapezoidal approximation and Gauss–Laguerre quadrature. Moreover, the asymptotic analysis is performed to derive a simple expression for the average BLER at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Then, we study the maximization of long term average throughput (LTAT) via power allocation meanwhile ensuring the power and the BLER constraints. For tractability, the asymptotic BLER is employed to solve the problem through geometric programming (GP). However, the GP-based solution underestimates the LTAT at low SNR due to a large approximation error in this case. Alternatively, we also develop a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)based framework to learn power allocation policy. In particular, the optimization problem is transformed into a constrained Markov decision process, which is solved by integrating deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) with subgradient method. The numerical results finally demonstrate that the DRL-based method outperforms the GP-based one at low SNR, albeit at the cost of increasing computational burden. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Training Robust Graph Neural Networks with Topology Adaptive Edge Dropping

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Gao, Zhan Bhattacharya, Subhrajit Zhang, Leiming Blum, Rick S. Ribeiro, Alejandro Sadler, Brian M. Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh University United States Army Research Laboratory United States

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are processing architectures that exploit graph structural information to model representations from network data. Despite their success, GNNs suffer from sub-optimal generalization performance given limited training data, referred to as over-fitting. This paper proposes Topology Adaptive Edge Dropping (TADropEdge) method as an adaptive data augmentation technique to improve generalization performance and learn robust GNN models. We start by explicitly analyzing how random edge dropping increases the data diversity during training, while indicating i.i.d. edge dropping does not account for graph structural information and could result in noisy augmented data degrading performance. To overcome this issue, we consider graph connectivity as the key property that captures graph topology. TADropEdge incorporates this factor into random edge dropping such that the edge-dropped subgraphs maintain similar topology as the underlying graph, yielding more satisfactory data augmentation. In particular, TADropEdge first leverages the graph spectrum to assign proper weights to graph edges, which represent their criticality for establishing the graph connectivity. It then normalizes the edge weights and drops graph edges adaptively based on their normalized weights. Besides improving generalization performance, TADropEdge reduces variance for efficient training and can be applied as a generic method modular to different GNN models. Intensive experiments on real-life and synthetic datasets corroborate theory and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Adaptive Estimation for Environmental Monitoring Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Adaptive Estimation for Environmental Monitoring Using an Au...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Ziwen Yang Joana Fonseca Shanying Zhu Cailian Chen Xinping Guan Karl H. Johansson Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai China Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Digital Futures

This paper considers the problem of monitoring and adaptively estimating an environmental field, such as temperature or salinity, using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The AUV moves in the field and persistently measures environmental scalars and its position in its local coordinate frame. The environmental scalars are approximately linearly distributed over the region of interest, and an adaptive estimator is designed to estimate the gradient. By orthogonal decomposition of the velocity of the AUV, a linear time-varying system is equivalently constructed, and the sufficient conditions on the motion of the AUV are established, under which the global exponential stability of the estimation error system is rigorously proved. Furthermore, an estimate of the exponential convergence rate is given, and a reference trajectory that maximizes the estimate of the convergence rate is obtained for the AUV to track. Numerical examples verify the stability and efficiency of the system.

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AlScN High Electron Mobility Transistors: Integrating High Piezoelectric, High K Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Functionality

AlScN High Electron Mobility Transistors: Integrating High P...

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BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS)

作者： Joseph Casamento Kazuki Nomoto Thai-Son Nguyen Hyunjea Lee Chandrasekhar Savant Lei Li Austin Hickman Takuya Maeda Yu-Tsun Shao Jimy Encomendero Ved Gund Timothy Vasen Shamima Afroz Daniel Hannan David A. Muller Huili Grace Xing Debdeep Jena Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York USA Northrop Grumman Mission Systems Advanced Technology Laboratory Linthicum Maryland USA Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York USA

This paper presents an overview of the promising physical properties of the aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) ternary alloy system and its integration in radiofrequency heterostructure high electron mobility transistors (RF HEMTs). Specifically, heterostructures with AlScN demonstrate enhanced piezoelectric response and enhanced relative dielectric permittivity, as well as ferroelectric behavior. These promising physical phenomena are manifested in HEMTs that show larger on current densities compared to aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) HEMTs and display ferroelectric behavior. An overlook on future improvements in thin film deposition and device fabrication is discussed to fully maximize the potential devices and integrated circuits incorporating AlScN.

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Visualizing dynamics of charges and strings in (2 + 1)D lattice gauge theories

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Nature 2025年第8067期642卷 315-320页

作者： Cochran, T.A. Jobst, B. Rosenberg, E. Lensky, Y.D. Gyawali, G. Eassa, N. Will, M. Szasz, A. Abanin, D. Acharya, R. Aghababaie Beni, L. Andersen, T.I. Ansmann, M. Arute, F. Arya, K. Asfaw, A. Atalaya, J. Babbush, R. Ballard, B. Bardin, J.C. Bengtsson, A. Bilmes, A. Bourassa, A. Bovaird, J. Broughton, M. Browne, D.A. Buchea, B. Buckley, B.B. Burger, T. Burkett, B. Bushnell, N. Cabrera, A. Campero, J. Chang, H.-S. Chen, Z. Chiaro, B. Claes, J. Cleland, A.Y. Cogan, J. Collins, R. Conner, P. Courtney, W. Crook, A.L. Curtin, B. Das, S. Demura, S. De Lorenzo, L. Di Paolo, A. Donohoe, P. Drozdov, I. Dunsworth, A. Eickbusch, A. Elbag, A. Moshe Elzouka, M. Erickson, C. Ferreira, V.S. Burgos, L. Flores Forati, E. Fowler, A.G. Foxen, B. Ganjam, S. Gasca, R. Genois, É. Giang, W. Gilboa, D. Gosula, R. Grajales Dau, A. Graumann, D. Greene, A. Gross, J.A. Habegger, S. Hansen, M. Harrigan, M.P. Harrington, S.D. Heu, P. Higgott, O. Hilton, J. Huang, H.-Y. Huff, A. Huggins, W. Jeffrey, E. Jiang, Z. Jones, C. Joshi, C. Juhas, P. Kafri, D. Kang, H. Karamlou, A.H. Kechedzhi, K. Khaire, T. Khattar, T. Khezri, M. Kim, S. Klimov, P. Kobrin, B. Korotkov, A. Kostritsa, F. Kreikebaum, J. Kurilovich, V. Landhuis, D. Lange-Dei, T. Langley, B. Lau, K.-M. Ledford, J. Lee, K. Lester, B. Le Guevel, L. Li, W. Lill, A.T. Livingston, W. Locharla, A. Lundahl, D. Lunt, A. Madhuk, S. Maloney, A. Mandrà, S. Martin, L. Martin, O. Maxfield, C. McClean, J. McEwen, M. Meeks, S. Megrant, A. Miao, K. Molavi, R. Molina, S. Montazeri, S. Movassagh, R. Neill, C. Newman, M. Nguyen, A. Nguyen, M. Ni, C.-H. Ottosson, K. Pizzuto, A. Potter, R. Pritchard, O. Quintana, C. Ramachandran, G. Reagor, M. Rhodes, D. Roberts, G. Sankaragomathi, K. Satzinger, K. Schurkus, H. Shearn, M. Shorter, A. Shutty, N. Shvarts, V. Sivak, V. Small, S. Smith, W.C. Springer, S. Sterling, G. Suchard, J. Sztein, A. Thor, D. Torunbalci, M. Vaishnav, A. Vargas, J. Vdovichev, S. Vidal, G. Vollgraff Heidweiller, C. Waltman, S. Wang, S.X. Ware, B. White, T. Wong, K. Woo, B.W.K. Xing, C. Yao, Z. J Google Research Mountain View CA United States Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton NJ United States Department of Physics TUM School of Natural Sciences Technical University of Munich Garching Germany Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST) Munich Germany Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA United States Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside CA United States School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems (CQNE) University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom

Lattice gauge theories (LGTs)1, 2, 3–4 can be used to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials5...

Lattice gauge theories (LGTs)^{1, 2, 3–4} can be used to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials^{5, 6–7}. Studying dynamical properties of emergent phases can be challenging, as it requires solving many-body problems that are generally beyond perturbative limits^{8, 9–10}. Here we investigate the dynamics of local excitations in a Z2 LGT using a two-dimensional lattice of superconducting qubits. We first construct a simple variational circuit that prepares low-energy states that have a large overlap with the ground state;then we create charge excitations with local gates and simulate their quantum dynamics by means of a discretized time evolution. As the electric field coupling constant is increased, our measurements show signatures of transitioning from deconfined to confined dynamics. For confined excitations, the electric field induces a tension in the string connecting them. Our method allows us to experimentally image string dynamics in a (2+1)D LGT, from which we uncover two distinct regimes inside the confining phase: for weak confinement, the string fluctuates strongly in the transverse direction, whereas for strong confinement, transverse fluctuations are effectively frozen^11,12. We also demonstrate a resonance condition at which dynamical string breaking is facilitated. Our LGT implementation on a quantum processor presents a new set of techniques for investigating emergent excitations and string dynamics.

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Semi-vortex solitons and their excited states in spin-orbit-coupled binary bosonic condensates

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Deng, Haiming Li, Jinqing Chen, Zhaopin Liu, Yaohui Liu, Dong Jiang, Chunzhi Kong, Chao Malomed, Boris A. School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering Xiangnan University Chenzhou423000 China Microelectronics and Optoelectronics Technology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education Xiangnan University Chenzhou423000 China Hunan Engineering Research Center of Advanced Embedded Computing and Intelligent Medical Systems Xiangnan University Chenzhou423000 China Physics Department Solid-State Institute Technion Haifa32000 Israel Department of Physical Electronics School of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7D Arica Chile

It is known that two-dimensional two-component fundamental solitons of the semi-vortex (SV) type, with vorticities (s+, s−) = (0, 1) in their components, are stable ground states (GSs) in the spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) binary Bose-Einstein condensate with the contact self-attraction acting in both components, in spite of the possibility of the critical collapse in the system. However, excited states (ESs) of the SV solitons, with the vorticity set (s+, s−) = (S+, S+ + 1) and S+ = 1, 2, 3, ..., are unstable in the same system. We construct ESs of SV solitons in the SOC system with opposite signs of the self-interaction in the two components. The main finding is stability of the ES-SV solitons, with the extra vorticity (at least) up to S+ = 6. The threshold value of the norm for the onset of the critical collapse, Nthr, in these excited states is higher than the commonly known critical value, Nc ≈ 5.85, associated with the single-component Townes solitons, Nthr increasing with the growth of S+. A velocity interval for stable motion of the GS-SV solitons is found too. The results suggest a solution for the challenging problem of the creation of stable vortex solitons with high topological charges. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Excited states

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Large language models for diabetes training:a prospective study

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Science Bulletin 2025年第6期70卷 934-942页

作者： Haoxuan Li Zehua Jiang Zhouyu Guan Yuqian Bao Yuexing Liu Tingting Hu Jiajia Li Ruhan Liu Liang Wu Di Cheng Hongwei Ji Yong Wang Ya-Xing Wang Carol Y.Cheung Yingfeng Zheng Jihong Wang Zhen Li Weibing Wu Cynthia Ciwei Lim Yong Mong Bee Hong Chang Tan Elif I.Ekinci David C.Klonoff Justin B.Echouffo-Tcheugui Nestoras Mathioudakis Leonor Corsino Rafael Simó Charumathi Sabanayagam Gavin Siew Wei Tan Ching-Yu Cheng Tien Yin Wong Huating Li Chun Cai Lijuan Mao Lee-Ling Lim Yih-Chung Tham Bin Sheng Weiping Jia Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai 200438China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalTsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute(BERI) Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China CEMS NCMISHCMSMADISAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China k.Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesGuangzhou 510060China Department of Renal Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingHealth-Duke Academic Medical CentreSingapore169

Diabetes poses a considerable global health challenge,with varying levels of diabetes knowledge among healthcare professionals,highlighting the importance of diabetes *** Language Models(LLMs)provide new insights into diabetes training,but their performance in diabetes-related queries remains uncertain,especially outside the English language like *** first evaluated the performance of ten LLMs:ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,LlaMA2-7B,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,MedGPT,HuatuoGPT,and Chinese LlaMA2-7B on diabetes-related queries,based on the Chinese National Certificate Examination for Primary Diabetes Care in China(NCE-CPDC)and the English Specialty Certificate Examination in Endocrinology and Diabetes of Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of the United ***,we assessed the training of primary care physicians(PCPs)without and with the assistance of ChatGPT-4.0 in the NCE-CPDC examination to ascertain the reliability of LLMs as medical *** found that ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed other LLMs in the English examination,achieving a passing accuracy of 62.50%,which was significantly higher than that of Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,and *** the NCE-CPFC examination,ChatGPT-4.0,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Google Bard,MedGPT,and ChatGPT-3.5 successfully passed,whereas LlaMA2-7B,HuatuoGPT,Chinese LLaMA2-7B,and LlaMA-7B ***-4.0(84.82%)surpassed all PCPs and assisted most PCPs in the NCE-CPDC examination(improving by 1%–6.13%).In summary,LLMs demonstrated outstanding competence for diabetes-related questions in both the Chinese and English language,and hold great potential to assist future diabetes training for physicians globally.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetestraining Largelanguagemodels Primarydiabetescare Prospectivestudy

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All-Optical, Tunable Third Harmonic Generation in the Ultraviolet Range using Reconfigurable Chalcogenide Metasurfaces

All-Optical, Tunable Third Harmonic Generation in the Ultrav...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Jiannan Gao Maria Antonietta Vincenti Jesse Frantz Anthony Clabeau Xingdu Qiao Liang Feng Michael Scalora Natalia M. Litchinitser Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Information Engineering University of Brescia Brescia Italy US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC USA University Research Foundation Greenbelt MD USA Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Aviation and Missile Center US Army CCDC Redstone Arsenal AL USA

We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate ultra-high-speed, tunable third harmonic generation (THG) in the opaque spectral range of Arsenic trisulfide (As 2 S 3 ) glass metasurfaces.

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate ultra-high-speed, tunable third harmonic generation (THG) in the opaque spectral range of Arsenic trisulfide (As 2 S 3 ) glass metasurfaces.

关键词： Chalcogenides Laser theory Arsenic Glass Lasers and electrooptics Metasurfaces Frequency conversion

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The effectiveness of power distribution systems for deployment on the lunar surface

The effectiveness of power distribution systems for deployme...

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Accelerating Space Commerce, Exploration, and New Discovery conference, ASCEND 2021

作者： Robertson, Bradford McNabb, Jeffrey Rines, Matthew Mavris, Dimitri N. Stanley, Douglas Gupta, Mool C. Taylor, Charles Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States National Institute of Aerospace HamptonVA23666 United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA23681 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624106125

ISBN: (纸本)9781624106125

Lunar habitation missions are currently being planned to have astronauts return to the moon by the mid 2020’s with a sustained lunar presence by the end of the decade. The various landed modules needed to support the missions are expected to be distributed around Shackleton Crater at distances ranging from 1 to 15 km and with power needs ranging from 10 kW to 50 kW. Current plans call for a solar array to be installed on the rim of the crater that receives near-constant sunlight year around with a power distribution system that transfers power from the source to consumers. This paper details several power distribution systems: DC transmission lines, radio frequency power beaming, and optical power beaming. Sizing algorithms for each of these distributions systems along with their necessary subsystems were developed from literature and subject matter expertise input. Several experiments were then conducted to determine the performance of the systems along with their sensitivities to changes in assumptions for various sub-components. The defined Figures of Merit enable mission designers to select the best power distribution system for each possible power consumer mission scenario. The experimental results were analyzed and compiled into a set of figures that highlight the conditions for which a certain system outperforms the other. © 2021, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radio transmission

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Realization of Resonant Optical Metasurfaces with Maximal and Tunable Chiral Response

Realization of Resonant Optical Metasurfaces with Maximal an...

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CLEO: Science and Innovations, S and I 2022

作者： Shi, Tan Deng, Zi-Lan Geng, Guangzhou Zeng, Yixuan Hu, Guangwei Overvig, Adam Li, Junjie Qiu, Cheng-Wei Alù, Andrea Kivshar, Yuri S. Li, Xiangping Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Institute of Photonics Technology Jinan University Guangzhou510632 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100191 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Kent Ridge117583 Singapore Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Nonlinear Physics Center Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia

We employ the physics of chiral bound state in the continuum and suggest planar chiral metasurfaces with near-perfect circular dichroism (CD). We demonstrate experimentally metasurfaces with CD=0.9 with Q factor excee... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Dichroism

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