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Electromagnetic Channel Modeling and Capacity Analysis for HMIMO Communications

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wei, Li Yuan, Shuai S.A. Huang, Chongwen Zhang, Jianhua Bader, Faouzi Zhang, Zhaoyang Muhaidat, Sami Debbah, Mérouane Yuen, Chau School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Technology Innovation Institute Masdar City Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates KU 6G Research Center Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada KU 6G Research Center Khalifa University of Science and Technology P O Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Advancements in emerging technologies, e.g., reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and holographic MIMO (HMIMO), facilitate unprecedented manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves, significantly enhancing the performance of wireless communication systems. To accurately characterize the achievable performance limits of these systems, it is crucial to develop a universal EM-compliant channel model. This paper addresses this necessity by proposing a comprehensive EM channel model tailored for realistic multi-path environments, accounting for the combined effects of antenna array configurations and propagation conditions in HMIMO communications. Both polarization phenomena and spatial correlation are incorporated into this probabilistic channel model. Additionally, physical constraints of antenna configurations, such as mutual coupling effects and energy consumption, are integrated into the channel modeling framework. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed probabilistic channel model, indicating that traditional Rician and Rayleigh fading models cannot accurately depict the channel characteristics and underestimate the channel capacity. More importantly, the proposed channel model outperforms free-space Green’s functions in accurately depicting both near-field gain and multi-path effects in radiative near-field regions. These gains are much more evident in tri-polarized systems, highlighting the necessity of polarization interference elimination techniques. Moreover, the theoretical analysis accurately verifies that capacity decreases with expanding communication regions of two-user communications. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antenna arrays

Scalable flux controllers using adiabatic superconductor logic for quantum processors

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Physical Review research 2023年第1期5卷 013145-013145页

作者： Naoki Takeuchi Taiki Yamae Wenhui Luo Fuminori Hirayama Tsuyoshi Yamamoto Nobuyuki Yoshikawa Research Center for Emerging Computing Technologies National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan NEC-AIST Quantum Technology Cooperative Research Laboratory National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0083 Japan Secure System Platform Research Laboratories NEC Corporation Kawasaki Kanagawa 211-0011 Japan Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan

Quantum processors have the potential to accelerate specific computing tasks but are difficult to scale up due to engineering limitations, such as the number of available cables and cooling power for dilution refrigerators for quantum bits (qubits). Hence, it is very important to develop scalable, energy-efficient interface circuits that can control many qubits via a few control lines inside a dilution refrigerator. One of the most important interface circuits is the flux controller (FC), which generates arbitrary dc flux bias to adjust the characteristics of component devices such as qubits. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate FCs using an energy-efficient superconductor logic family, adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic. We develop two types of FCs: the AQFP FC and the AQFP/single-flux-quantum (AQFP/SFQ) FC. Both FCs require only a few control lines and have extremely small power dissipation, thus exhibiting high scalability. Furthermore, the AQFP/SFQ FC can control flux bias using ballistic SFQ transmission, which is crucial for integration with qubits. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate AQFP and AQFP/SFQ FCs at 4.2 K, fabricated by the AIST high-speed standard process. Our results indicate that AQFP logic is highly suitable for use as qubit interface circuits for very large-scale quantum processors, especially from the viewpoint of the control line count, power dissipation, and amount of supply currents.

关键词： engineering Devices for digital logic, storage & processing Josephson junctions SQUID Superconducting devices

Adaptive Optimal electrical Resistance Tomography for Large-Area Tactile Sensing

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Adaptive Optimal Electrical Resistance Tomography for Large-...

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Wendong Zheng Huaping Liu Di Guo Wuqiang Yang Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Manchester Manchester U.K.

It is critical to perceive physical contact for intelligent robots to safely interact in dynamic, unstructured environments. As physical contacts can occur at any location, a well-performing tactile sensing system should be able to deploy a large area on robotic surface. Some researchers have implemented large-area tactile sensors by using sensing arrays, but it is challenging to deploy many sensing elements. electrical resistance tomography (ERT) has recently been introduced into tactile sensing to overcome some of the limitations with conventional tactile sensing arrays, and good results have been achieved for some robotic applications. However, a particular challenge is that spatial resolution is low. Although various attempts have been made to improve the performance of ERT-based tactile sensors, the intrinsic resolution issue remains unsolved. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive optimal drive strategy for efficient ERT-based large-area tactile sensing for robotic applications, which can adaptively select the current injection and voltage measurement pattern for optimal tactile stimulus. In particular, regions of tactile contacts are preliminarily detected and localized by a base scanning pattern with only a few measurement data. According to this detected region, the adaptive strategy can select the optimal current injection and voltage measurement pattern to improve the sensing performance by maximizing the current density. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, the proposed method is comprehensively evaluated by simulation and experiments. The results revealed that the optimal strategy can effectively improve both spatial and temporal resolution.

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Integration of Droplet Microfluidic Tools for Single-cell Functional Metagenomics:An engineering Head Start

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第3期19卷 504-518页

作者： David Conchouso Amani Al-Ma’abadi Hayedeh Behzad Mohammed Alarawi Masahito Hosokawa Yohei Nishikawa Haruko Takeyama Katsuhiko Mineta Takashi Gojobori Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering Universidad de las Américas PueblaPuebla 72810Mexico Computational Bioscience Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Research Organization for Nano&Life Innovation Waseda UniversityTokyo 162-0041Japan Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience Waseda UniversityTokyo 162-8480Japan Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics Waseda Research Institute for Science and EngineeringWaseda UniversityTokyo 169-8555Japan Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory AIST-Waseda UniversityTokyo 169–0072Japan Computer Electricaland Mathematical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Droplet microfluidic techniques have shown promising outcome to study single cells at high ***,their adoption in laboratories studying“-omics”sciences is still irrelevant due to the complex and multidisciplinary nature of the *** facilitate their use,here we provide engineering details and organized protocols for integrating three droplet-based microfluidic technologies into the metagenomic pipeline to enable functional screening of bioproducts at high ***,a device encapsulating single cells in droplets at a rate of~250 Hz is described considering droplet size and cell ***,we expand on previously reported fluorescence-activated droplet sorting systems to integrate the use of 4 independent fluorescence-exciting lasers(i.e.,405,488,561,and 637 nm)in a single platform to make it compatible with different fluorescence-emitting *** this sorter,both hardware and software are provided and optimized for effortlessly sorting droplets at 60 ***,a passive droplet merger is also integrated into our pipeline to enable adding new reagents to already-made droplets at a rate of 200 ***,we provide an optimized recipe for manufacturing these chips using silicon dry-etching *** of the overall integration and the technical details presented here,our approach allows biologists to quickly use microfluidic technologies and achieve both single-cell resolution and high-throughput capability(>50,000 cells/day)for mining and bioprospecting metagenomic data.

关键词： Droplet microfluidics Single cell Metagenomics Droplet sorter Biotechnology

Implicit Multi-Scale Swin Transformer Network for Image Denoising

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Zhang, Qi Ding, Yuwei Zhang, Weiqi Zhu, Yian Zhang, Bob Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai School of Economics and Management Weihai China Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing China Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Computer Science Xi’an China Northwestern Polytechnical University Yangtze River Delta Research Institute Taicang China University of Macau PAMI Research Group Department of Computer and Information Science Taipa China Department of Distributed Systems and IT Devices Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Silesian university of technology Poland

Image denoising has been used in various edge computing scenarios such as consumer electronics to improve the image quality and user experience. Existing image denoising methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and vision Transformers achieve good performance by empirically utilizing residual neural network (ResNet) as basic component. However, ResNet lacks interpretability in network design and also long-term memory of features, potentially restricting the performance of denoising networks. In this paper, we propose an Implicit Multi-scale Swin Transformer Network (IMSNet) for image denoising, which introduces the implicit Euler scheme from the feature memory perspective. Specifically, densely connected implicit feature extraction blocks (IFEBs) are designed to learn the residual mapping between noisy and clean images. The IFEB reformulates the initial skip connection of ResNet based on the implicit Euler discretization, providing both network interpretability and long-term memory. In IFEB, the multi-scale swin Transformer block (MSB) is designed as the implicit layer to capture spatial details and non-local contextual information at different scales. Additionally, a cross-layer feature fusion block (CLFF) is proposed to further improve feature reuse capabilities. Compared to existing denoising networks, the extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our IMSNet in various image denoising tasks, and the flexibility in the practical applications with proposed light model on resource-restricted platforms such as consumer electronic devices. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Image denoising

Sensing With Communication Signals: From Information Theory to Signal Processing

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Fan Liu, Ya-Feng Cui, Yuanhao Masouros, Christos Xu, Jie Han, Tony Xiao Buzzi, Stefano Eldar, Yonina C. Jin, Shi National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematicsand Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom Guangdong518172 China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Cassino and Southern Lazio CassinoI-03043 Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano MilanoI-20133 Italy ParmaI-43124 Italy Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel

The Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) paradigm is anticipated to be a cornerstone of the upcoming 6G networks. In order to optimize the use of wireless resources, 6G ISAC systems need to harness the communication data payload signals, which are inherently random, for both sensing and communication (S&C) purposes. This tutorial paper provides a comprehensive technical overview of the fundamental theory and signal processing methodologies for ISAC transmission with random communication signals. We begin by introducing the deterministic-random tradeoff (DRT) between S&C from an information-theoretic perspective, emphasizing the need for specialized signal processing techniques tailored to random ISAC signals. Building on this foundation, we review the core signal models and processing pipelines for communication-centric ISAC systems, and analyze the average squared auto-correlation function (ACF) of random ISAC signals, which serves as a fundamental performance metric for multi-target ranging tasks. Drawing insights from these theoretical results, we outline the design principles for the three key components of communication-centric ISAC systems: modulation schemes, constellation design, and pulse shaping filters. The goal is to either enhance sensing performance without compromising communication efficiency or to establish a scalable tradeoff between the two. We then extend our analysis from a single-antenna ISAC system to its multi-antenna counterpart, discussing recent advancements in multiinput multi-output (MIMO) precoding techniques specifically designed for random ISAC signals. We conclude by highlighting several open challenges and future research directions in the field of sensing with communication signals. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal modulation

Photonic Terahertz Phased Array

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Niu, Li Feng, Xi Zhang, Xueqian Lu, Yongchang Wang, Qingwei Xu, Quan Chen, Xieyu Ma, Jiajun Qiu, Haidi Sha, Wei E.I. Zhang, Shuang Alù, Andrea Zhang, Weili Han, Jiaguang Center for Terahertz Waves College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York10016 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK74078 United States Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing School of Optoelectronic Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China

Phased arrays are crucial in various technologies, such as radar and wireless communications, due to their ability to precisely control and steer electromagnetic waves. This precise control improves signal processing and enhances imaging performance. However, extending phased arrays to the terahertz (THz) frequency range has proven challenging, especially for high-frequency operation, broadband performance, two-dimensional (2D) phase control with large antenna arrays, and strong phase modulation. Here, we introduce a photonic platform to realize a THz phased array that bypasses the above challenges. Our method employs 2D phase coding with 2-bit across a broad THz frequency range from 0.8 to 1.4 THz. The core of our design is a pixelated nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface driven by a spatially modulated femtosecond laser, allowing precise phase control of THz signals. We showcase the effectiveness of our method through four proof-of-concept applications: single beamforming, dual beamforming, imaging and vortex beam generation. The realized photonic platform provides a promising pathway for developing broadband phased arrays in the THz regime. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Terahertz waves

Nanoscale spin rectifiers for harvesting ambient radiofrequency energy

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sharma, Raghav Ngo, Tung Raimondo, Eleonora Giordano, Anna Igarashi, Junta Jinnai, Butsurin Zhao, Shishun Lei, Jiayu Guo, Yong-Xin Finocchio, Giovanni Fukami, Shunsuke Ohno, Hideo Yang, Hyunsoo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar 140001 India Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina MessinaI-98166 Italy Department of Engineering University of Messina MessinaI-98166 Italy Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba Sendai980-8577 Japan Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba Sendai980-8577 Japan Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba Sendai980-0845 Japan

Radiofrequency harvesting using ambient wireless energy could be used to reduce the carbon footprint of electronic devices. However, ambient radiofrequency energy is weak (less than -20 dBm), and the performance of state-of-the-art radiofrequency rectifiers is restricted by thermodynamic limits and high-frequency parasitic impedance. Nanoscale spin rectifiers based on magnetic tunnel junctions have recently demonstrated high sensitivity, but suffer from a low a.c.-to-d.c. conversion efficiency (less than 1%). Here, we report a sensitive spin rectifier rectenna that can harvest ambient radiofrequency signals between -62 and -20 dBm. We also develop an on-chip co-planar waveguide-based spin rectifier array with a large zero-bias sensitivity (around 34,500 mV mW-1) and high efficiency (7.81%). The self-parametric excitation driven by voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy is a key mechanism that contributes to the performance of the spin-rectifier-array. We show that these spin rectifiers can be used to wirelessly power a sensor at a radiofrequency power of -27 dBm. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic anisotropy

Towards low propagation losses in active photonic multi-project wafer runs

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Towards low propagation losses in active photonic multi-proj...

Integrated Photonics research, Silicon and Nanophotonics, IPR 2021 - Part of OSA advanced Photonics Congress 2021

作者： Carpenter, Lewis G. van Niekerk, Matthew Begović, Amir Sundaram, Vijay S.S. Deenadayalan, Venkatesh Palone, Thomas Fanto, Michael Preble, Stefan Baiocco, Christopher Leake, Gerald L. Fahrenkopf, Nicholas M. Harame, David L. The Research Foundation for State University of New York State University of New York Polytechnic Institute AlbanyNY12203 United States Microsystems Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Air Force Research Laboratory RomeNY13441 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

AIM Photonics has had an active multi-project wafer (MPW) program since 2015 and in our latest work we will present our new integration aimed at the reduction of waveguide propagation losses. Often low losses are prioritized for passive MPWs runs but for key application spaces such as Telecommunications and Quantum Technology, it is imperative to incorporate both low-loss waveguides and active devices on a single die. Within this work we have demonstrated a loss of 1.0 dB/cm in Si strip waveguides and 0.48 dB/cm in SiN waveguides, a reduction of 0.4-3.5 dB/cm and 1-1.5 dB/cm, respectively, when compared to other MPW foundries. © OSA 2021.

关键词： Silicon nitride