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A flexible capacitive photoreceptor for the biomimetic retina

Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第1期11卷 38-49页

作者： Mani Teja Vijjapu Mohammed E.Fouda Agamyrat Agambayev Chun Hong Kang Chun-Ho Lin Boon S.Ooi Jr-Hau He Ahmed M.Eltawil Khaled N.Salama Sensors lab Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Communication and Computing Systems Lab ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California-IrvineIrvineCA 92612USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Neuromorphic vision sensors have been extremely beneficial in developing energy-efficient intelligent systems for robotics and privacy-preserving security *** is a dire need for devices to mimic the retina's photoreceptors that encode the light illumination into a sequence of spikes to develop such ***,we develop a hybrid perovskite-based flexible photoreceptor whose capacitance changes proportionally to the light intensity mimicking the retina's rod cells,paving the way for developing an efficient artificial retina *** proposed device constitutes a hybrid nanocomposite of perovskites(methyl-ammonium lead bromide)and the ferroelectric terpolymer(polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene).A metal-insulator-metal type capacitor with the prepared composite exhibits the unique and photosensitive capacitive behavior at various light intensities in the visible light *** proposed photoreceptor mimics the spectral sensitivity curve of human photopic *** hybrid nanocomposite is stable in ambient air for 129 weeks,with no observable degradation of the composite due to the encapsulation of hybrid perovskites in the hydrophobic *** functionality of the proposed photoreceptor to recognize handwritten digits(MNIST)dataset using an unsupervised trained spiking neural network with 72.05%recognition accuracy is *** demonstration proves the potential of the proposed sensor for neuromorphic vision applications.

关键词： perovskite illumination preserving

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A Trade-Off Study Between the Primary and Transient Responses of Grid-Forming Inverters 50

A Trade-Off Study Between the Primary and Transient Response...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Lin, Xuheng Huang, Xiaoge Zhang, Ziang Pourramezan, Reza Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Binghamton University SUNY BinghamtonNY United States Advanced Grid Innovation Lab for Energy New York Power Authority AlbanyNY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

The control parameters of the grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) directly impact power system dynamics. The primary control requires the GFM inverter to balance generation and load. It is also preferred that a GFM inverter maintain the terminal frequency after a power system fault. In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between the primary control objective and the transient response. To quantify the transient performance of the GFM inverter, we introduce a new real-time transient stability index (TSI). This index plays a crucial role in our investigation, as it allows us to compare the performance trade-offs of different sets of GFM control parameters. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electromagnetic transients

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Pushing AI to wireless network edge: an overview on integrated sensing, communication, and computation towards 6G

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第3期66卷 7-25页

作者： Guangxu ZHU Zhonghao LYU Xiang JIAO Peixi LIU Mingzhe CHEN Jie XU Shuguang CUI Ping ZHANG Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii) The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) School of Science and Engineering (SSE) The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Peking University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Peng Cheng Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Pushing artificial intelligence(AI) from central cloud to network edge has reached board consensus in both industry and academia for materializing the vision of artificial intelligence of things(AIoT) in the sixth-generation(6G) era. This gives rise to an emerging research area known as edge intelligence, which concerns the distillation of human-like intelligence from the vast amount of data scattered at the wireless network edge. Typically, realizing edge intelligence corresponds to the processes of sensing, communication,and computation, which are coupled ingredients for data generation, exchanging, and processing, ***, conventional wireless networks design the three mentioned ingredients separately in a task-agnostic manner, which leads to difficulties in accommodating the stringent demands of ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability, and high capacity in emerging AI applications like auto-driving and metaverse. This thus prompts a new design paradigm of seamlessly integrated sensing, communication, and computation(ISCC) in a taskoriented manner, which comprehensively accounts for the use of the data in downstream AI tasks. In view of its growing interest, this study provides a timely overview of ISCC for edge intelligence by introducing its basic concept, design challenges, and enabling techniques, surveying the state-of-the-art advancements, and shedding light on the road ahead.

关键词： sixth-generation (6G) edge intelligence artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) integrated sensing communication and computation (ISCC)

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Comparative Study of Alternative-Pole Flux Switching and Inter-Modular Biased-Flux Permanent Magnet Motors 3

Comparative Study of Alternative-Pole Flux Switching and Int...

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3rd International Conference on electrical Machines and Drives, ICEMD 2023

作者： Afrank, Mohammad Eikani, Alireza Farahani, Ehsan Farmahini Mirsalim, Mojtaba Amirkabir University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Tehran Iran University of Tehran Advanced Motion Systems Research Lab School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran Iran Newcastle University Electrical Power Research Group School of Engineering Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350393743

This paper executes a comparative analysis between alternative-pole flux-switching and inter-modular biased-flux permanent magnet (PM) motors. Despite their close structural similarities, the former puts magnets not only between stator modules, but also close to the armature windings. However, the inter-modular PM (IMPM) motor only occupies spaces between stator modules. This type of occupation allows this structure to provide a safe operation point for PMs. Not considering the PM's recoil-phenomenon, the torque density of the IMPM motor is not as significant as the alternative-pole flux-switching PM (AP-FSPM) motor. This is because of the four-operating mode of the AP-FSPM structure which enables it to increase the torque density by utilizing the PMs in every moment of the operation. But, when the demagnetization of the AP-FSPM's PMs is taken into account, the torque density and torque per PM values of the AP-FSPM structure plummets. A complete full-load demagnetization analysis is done in order to get a better understanding of how the performance of the IMPM structure supersedes the AP-FSPM structure. 2D finite element analysis is used to extract the most important indexes of both topologies. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Automatic Detection and Characterization of Human Veins Using Infra-Red Image Processing

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Journal of computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 141-159页

作者： Jean Ndoumbe Brice Ekobo Akoa Gaelle Patricia Talotsing Frederic Franck Kounga Samuel Kaissassou Bertin Chouanmo Njo Laboratory of Computer Engineering Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer & Telecommunications Engineering National Higher Polytechnic School Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Mechatronics and Signal Processing Department of Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaound Cameroon Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada DigiPlus SARL Bonamoussadi Douala Cameroon

The detection and characterization of human veins using infrared (IR) image processing have gained significant attention due to its potential applications in biometric identification, medical diagnostics, and vein-based authentication systems. This paper presents a low-cost approach for automatic detection and characterization of human veins from IR images. The proposed method uses image processing techniques including segmentation, feature extraction, and, pattern recognition algorithms. Initially, the IR images are preprocessed to enhance vein structures and reduce noise. Subsequently, a CLAHE algorithm is employed to extract vein regions based on their unique IR absorption properties. Features such as vein thickness, orientation, and branching patterns are extracted using mathematical morphology and directional filters. Finally, a classification framework is implemented to categorize veins and distinguish them from surrounding tissues or artifacts. A setup based on Raspberry Pi was used. Experimental results of IR images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting and characterizing human. The developed system shows promising for integration into applications requiring reliable and secure identification based on vein patterns. Our work provides an effective and low-cost solution for nursing staff in low and middle-income countries to perform a safe and accurate venipuncture.

关键词： Vein Detection Blood Radiation Infrared Image CLAHE Algorithm Raspberry Pi

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INGESTIBLE BIOSENSING CAPSULE WITH INTEGRATED THREAD-BASED SENSORS 26

INGESTIBLE BIOSENSING CAPSULE WITH INTEGRATED THREAD-BASED S...

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26th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2022

作者： Asci, Cihan Del-Rio-Ruiz, Ruben Sharma, Atul Sonkusale, Sameer Nano Lab Advanced Technology Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tufts University MedfordMA02155 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781733419048

The use of endoscopy or colonoscopy methods are common to examine and diagnose gastrointestinal disorders in stomach, colon or some sections of the intestine. However, these methods are invasive, costly, time-consuming and lack the ability to access most areas of the small intestine. Here, we demonstrate a smart ingestible biosensing capsule capable of monitoring pH activity in small intestine. As the sensing mechanism, we have utilized functionalized threads integrated with readout electronics and 3D-printed case. We present a modular system design that eases the fabrication as well as the assembly process of the overall ingestible capsule. © 2022 MicroTAS 2022 - 26th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： Endoscopy

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BitMoD: Bit-serial Mixture-of-Datatype LLM Acceleration

BitMoD: Bit-serial Mixture-of-Datatype LLM Acceleration

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IEEE Symposium on High-Performance computer Architecture

作者： Yuzong Chen Ahmed F. AbouElhamayed Xilai Dai Yang Wang Marta Andronic George A. Constantinides Mohamed S. Abdelfattah Computer Systems Lab Cornell University Systems and Networking Research Group Microsoft Research Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London

ISBN: (数字)9798331506476

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506483

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various machine learning tasks. Yet the substantial memory footprint of LLMs significantly hinders their deployment. In this paper, we improve the accessibility of LLMs through BitMoD 1 , an algorithm-hardware co-design solution that enables efficient LLM acceleration at low weight precision. On the algorithm side, BitMoD introduces fine-grained data type adaptation that uses a different numerical data type to quantize a group of (e.g., 128) weights. Through the careful design of these new data types, BitMoD is able to quantize LLM weights to very low precision (e.g., 4 bits and 3 bits) while maintaining high accuracy. On the hardware side, BitMoD employs a bitserial processing element to easily support multiple numerical precisions and data types; our hardware design includes two key innovations: First, it employs a unified representation to process different weight data types, thus reducing the hardware cost. Second, it adopts a bit-serial dequantization unit to rescale the per-group partial sum with minimal hardware overhead. Our evaluation on six representative LLMs demonstrates that BitMoD significantly outperforms state-of-the-art LLM quantization and acceleration methods. For discriminative tasks, BitMoD can quantize LLM weights to 4 -bit with < 0.5% accuracy loss on average. For generative tasks, BitMoD is able to quantize LLM weights to 3-bit while achieving better perplexity than prior LLM quantization scheme. Combining the superior model performance with an efficient accelerator design, BitMoD achieves an average of $1.69 \times$ and $1.48 \times$ speedups compared to prior LLM accelerators ANT and OliVe, respectively. 1 Code is available at: https://***/yc2367/BitMoD-HPCA-25

关键词： Technological innovation Quantization (signal) Accuracy Machine learning algorithms Costs Large language models Machine learning computer architecture Hardware Energy efficiency

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GROOVED MICRONEEDLES WITH ABSORBENT BEADS FOR CONTINUOUS SAMPLING OF INTERSTITIAL FLUID 26

GROOVED MICRONEEDLES WITH ABSORBENT BEADS FOR CONTINUOUS SAM...

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26th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2022

作者： Del-Rio-Ruiz, Ruben Sharma, Atul Sonkusale, Sameer Nano Lab Advanced Technology Laboratory Tufts University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tufts University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781733419048

This paper reports a facile, high-resolution, and cleanroom-free technique to fabricate grooved microneedles for ISF sampling using capillary action. A master mold for grooved MN array with high aspect ratio is fabricated using two photon polymerization based 3D printer. Biocompatible photo-curable resin is casted into molds to realize microneedles;molding makes this approach scalable for large volume production. A sodium polyacrylate-based bead is placed on the distal end of the grooved microchannels as an absorbent to sustain interstitial fluid (ISF) sampling. The ISF is easily recovered from the swollen sodium polyacrylate beads for further analysis. The MNs' continuous fluid extraction has been successfully tested and validated in the lab. © 2022 MicroTAS 2022 - 26th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molds

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Enhanced Multidimensional Harmonic Retrieval in MIMO Wireless Channel Sounding

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16243-16255页

作者： Zhang, Yanming Xu, Wenchao Jin, A-Long Tang, Tianquan Li, Min Ma, Peifeng Jiang, Lijun Gao, Steven The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Computing Hong Kong Hong Kong Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Communications and Networking Suzhou China HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation Lab for Aerodynamics and Acoustics Hangzhou China Tianjin University School of Microelectronics Tianjin China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Institute of Space and Earth Information Science Department of Geography and Resource Management Hong Kong Hong Kong Missouri University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RollaMO United States

This paper introduces a recursive parallel dynamic mode decomposition (RPDMD) scheme tailored for multidimensional harmonic retrieval (MHR), specifically applied to MIMO wireless channel sounding. The RPDMD algorithm is devised to address the complexities inherent in multidimensional scenarios, leveraging the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) framework within a recursive parallel structure. Initially, the observed tensorial multidimensional harmonic data is transformed into a two-dimensional matrix format along the r-th dimension. Subsequently, DMD dissects this matrix data into eigenvalues and their associated modes. The real and imaginary components of the DMD eigenvalues yield damping factors and frequencies in the r-th dimension, respectively. Furthermore, recursive DMD is employed to scrutinize each mode independently for parameter retrieval across the remaining dimensions, enabling parallel analysis. Ultimately, this high-dimensional correlated decomposition scheme delivers paired damping factors and frequencies for all tones. Notably, the proposed approach can ascertain the number of tones in undamped sinusoidal signals, making it particularly suitable for MHR even without prior knowledge of the source count. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the RPDMD scheme, with comparative analysis indicating that RPDMD outperforms similar methods, achieving optimal results with minimal mean square error in high signal-to-noise ratio scenarios. This work presents an effective data-driven solution for the MHR problem in MIMO wireless channel sounding. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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Detection and Classification of Drones Through Acoustic Features Using a Spike-Based Reservoir computer for Low Power Applications 41

Detection and Classification of Drones Through Acoustic Feat...

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41st IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference, DASC 2022

作者： Henderson, Alex Yakopcic, Chris Harbour, Steven Taha, Tarek M. Dayton Engineering Advanced Projects Lab Southwest Research Institute Beavercreek United States University of Dayton Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dayton United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665486071

ISBN: (纸本)9781665486071

Over the past few decades, the use of drones for applications such as defense, reconnaissance, agriculture, law enforcement, and others has dramatically increased. Although drones are useful for these applications, they can also be utilized to perform malicious activities, thus compromising the safety and integrity of physical infrastructures. To address this issue, various techniques have been developed to detect and identify drones, including radar, visual analysis, and radio-frequency signal processing. Furthermore, deep learning algorithms based on the recognition of acoustic drone features have been proposed to automate the detection process and overcome the current limitations in modern drone detection systems. This paper presents an auditory drone detection and identification system based on the sparse, event-driven communication nature of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). We investigate the use of a spiking reservoir computing model, known as a Liquid State Machine (LSM), that offers a computationally light alternative to the deep learning approaches of previous works. The LSM based auditory drone detection and identification system is demonstrated on a publicly available acoustic drone dataset, achieving an accuracy of 97.13% and 93.25% on the detection and identification tasks, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first spike-based implementation of an auditory drone recognition system. Moreover, this paper highlights the potential for low size, weight, and power neuromorphic hardware deployment for drone applications that may be limited to energy-constrained environments. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Drones

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