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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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FlowTrace： measuring round-trip time and tracing path in software-defined networking with low communication overhead

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic engineering 2017年第2期18卷 206-219页

作者： Shuo WANG Jiao ZHANG Tao HUANG Jiang LIU Yun-jie LIU F. Richard YU State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China Science and Technology on Information Transmission and Dissemination in Communication Networks Laboratory Shijiazhuang 050081 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa ON KIS 5B6 Canada

：In today＇s networks, load balancing and priority queues in switches are used to support various quality-of-service （QoS） features and provide preferential treatment to certain types of traffic. Traditionally, network operators use ‘traceroute＇ and ‘ping＇ to troubleshoot load balancing and QoS problems. However, these tools are not supported by the common OpenFlow-based switches in software-defined networking （SDN）. In addition, traceroute and ping have potential problems. Because load balancing mechanisms balance flows to different paths, it is impossible for these tools to send a single type of probe packet to find the forwarding paths of flows and measure latencies. Therefore, tracing flows＇ real forwarding paths is needed before measuring their latencies, and path tracing and latency measurement should be jointly considered. To this end, FlowTrace is proposed to find arbitrary flow paths and measure flow latencies in OpenFlow networks. FlowTrace collects all flow entries and calculates flow paths according to the collected flow entries. However, polling flow entries from switches will induce high overhead in the control plane of SDN. Therefore, a passive flow table collecting method with zero control plane overhead is proposed to address this problem. After finding flows＇ real forwarding paths, FlowTrace uses a new measurement method to measure the latencies of different flows. Results of experiments conducted in Mininet indicate that FlowTrace can correctly find flow paths and accurately measure the latencies of flows in different priority classes.

关键词： Software-defined networking Network monitoring Traceroute

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Content Caching and User Scheduling in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Content Caching and User Scheduling in Heterogeneous Wireles...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Xueqing Huang Nirwan Ansari Advanced Networking Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781509013296

To facilitate content delivery to mobile users, we propose a content caching and distribution framework for the heterogeneous OFDM networks, where a library of files available at the macro base station (MBS) can be distributively cached in multiple serving nodes (SNs). SNs are capable of both receiving unstored files from MBS and transmitting files to the associated users. For a given group of file downloading requests, the user scheduling scheme is jointly designed with the content caching scheme so that the number of served users is maximized for a given amount of spectrum and time. First, the corresponding downlink throughput maximization problem is shown to be NP-hard. Then, for the system with one MBS and one SN, the design of the joint user scheduling and caching scheme is transformed into a binary linear programming problem. For the system with one MBS and two SNs, the joint scheduling and caching (JSC) algorithm has been proposed to tap on the potential of the coded multicasting scheme between MBS and SNs. The proposed algorithm can be extended to networks with arbitrary number of SNs. Simulation results demonstrate that the JSC algorithm provides a significant sum throughput gain.

关键词： PPP1R12A gene main bang suppression Cache memory Wireless networks heterogeneous wireless network Content distribution

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Revenue Driven Virtual Machine Management in Green Datacenter Networks Towards Big Data

Revenue Driven Virtual Machine Management in Green Datacente...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Liang Zhang Tao Han Nirwan Ansari Advanced Networking Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina at Charlotte

ISBN: (纸本)9781509013296

The big data era is presenting unprecedented opportunities for generating new revenues in various sectors ranging from health care, economics, life science, to manufacturing. Datacenters (DCs) are widely deployed to provision various application services as well as to process big data. Since more and more servers are installed in DCs, the cost of electricity incurs a financial burden for the DC operators. Many DCs are equipped with renewable energy to reduce the electricity bill. However, the locations of the energy demands do not match the locations of the renewable energy generation. This mismatch may be addressed by virtual machine (VM) migration. The DCs, which lack renewable energy, can migrate their workloads to other DCs, which have abundant renewable energy. In addition, DC operators always want to maximize revenue and minimize operation cost. In this paper, the problem of maximizing revenue and minimizing operation cost of a green DC network enabled with and without VM migration is formulated by integer linear programming. Simulation results show that optimal results can be reached for small size problems. Two heuristic algorithms are proposed to efficiently solve large size problems. To our best knowledge, this is the first study of the revenue driven VM management problem in green DC networks towards big data with VM migration.

关键词： Big data Cloud Revenue Green data centers Virtual machine Energy consumption

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Green Energy Driven User Association in Cellular Networks with Dual Battery System

Green Energy Driven User Association in Cellular Networks wi...

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Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks Symposium

作者： Xilong Liu Xueqing Huang Nirwan Ansari Advanced Networking Laboratory Helen & John C. Hartmann Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781479966653

Green communications has received much attention in recent years. In cellular networks, base stations (BSs) account for more than 50 percent of the energy consumption. Reducing energy consumption of BSs is essential to realizing green cellular networks. Utilizing green energy to power BSs is a promising way to reduce the on-grid energy consumption. Maximizing the utilization of green energy has thus been proposed to furthest save the on-grid energy. In this paper, we propose a green energy driven user-BS association with dual battery system to maximize the utilization of green energy at BSs. The BSs of cellular networks are powered by both on-grid energy and green energy. The optimal usage of green energy is achieved by balancing the mobile users among BSs according to the amount of residual green energy in their batteries. This green energy driven user association optimization problem is NP-hard. Hence, we propose some heuristics to maximize the green energy utilization and approximate the optimal user association with low computational complexity. Finally, we validate the performance of the proposed algorithm through extensive simulations.

关键词： green energy Cellular networks energy consumption Blind source separation Batteries

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Green Relay Assisted D2D Communications with Dual Battery for IoT

Green Relay Assisted D2D Communications with Dual Battery fo...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Xilong Liu Nirwan Ansari Advanced Networking Laboratory Helen & John C. Hartmann Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781509013296

As the era of Internet of Things (IoT) approaches, we are facing a new level of awareness about our world. It has been predicted that almost 50 billion devices will be connected by 2020 to realize the Internet of Things. A large number of devices will communicate with each other to gather, share and forward information to connect people in a more intelligent, convenient and efficient way. Therefore, Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is expected to be the intrinsic part of IoT. However, most existing researches in D2D communications are based on the D2D and cellular communications coexisted architecture. Provisioning D2D and cellular communications in the same cellular network quickly exhaust the limited resources, thus leading to performance degradation. We envision a novel architecture of green relay assisted D2D communications with dual battery for IoT. We adopt low power small base stations (BSs) as the relay BSs in the network. By optimally allocating the network resource, our proposed architecture enables the source-destination device pairs to reach their required transmission data rates to satisfy their different application services. The relay BSs are powered by both green energy and on-grid energy, and equipped with dual battery. By balancing the residual green energy among the relay BSs, we maximize the utilization of green energy in the network and achieve the goal of furthest saving the on-grid energy. Finally, we validate the performance of the proposed architecture through extensive simulations.

关键词： green energy Cellular communications relay Communication Research Web resources Internet of things Batteries energy grid Data transfer rates Dual Building construction ARCHITECTURE

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Event-triggered active-passive dynamic consensus filters

Event-triggered active-passive dynamic consensus filters

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American Control Conference

作者： J. Daniel Peterson Tansel Yucelen S. Jagannathan Eduardo Pasiliao the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department and a member of the Advanced Systems Research Laboratory at the Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA the Mechanical Engineering Department and the Director of the Laboratory for Autonomy Control Information and Systems at the University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA the William A. Rutledge Distinguished Professor of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and Director of the Embedded Control Systems and Networking Laboratory at the Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA the Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate Eglin Air Force Base FL 32542 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509045839

Multiagent systems consist of groups of agents that exchange local information to achieve given system-level goals. Traditionally, these systems assumed that all agents have some knowledge (e.g., observations of a process of interest) to contribute in order to achieve a common goal of interest, which may not be the case in many scenarios. Motivated from this standpoint, a new class of multiagent systems, active-passive multiagent systems, were recently proposed, which consists of agents subject to observations of a process of interest (i.e., active agents) and agents without any observations (i.e., passive agents). However, in this class of multiagent systems, agents need to continuously exchange information among themselves, incurring a high cost of interagent information exchange, and requiring that agents synchronize their update times. To address these shortcomings, this paper presents a new class of event-triggered active-passive dynamic consensus filters, in which agents schedule information exchange dependent on errors exceeding user-defined thresholds, significantly reducing the overall cost of interagent information exchange, and allowing agents to determine when to broadcast their information to their neighbors thus eliminating the need to synchronize their states. An illustrative numerical example is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.

关键词： consist groups agents

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PRIMAL: PRofIt Maximization Avatar pLacement for Mobile Edge Computing

PRIMAL: PRofIt Maximization Avatar pLacement for Mobile Edge...

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Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks Symposium

作者： Xiang Sun Nirwan Ansari Advanced Networking Lab. Helen and John C. Hartmann Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781479966653

We propose a cloudlet network architecture to bring the computing resources from the centralized cloud to the edge. Thus, each User Equipment (UE) can communicate with its Avatar, a software clone located in a cloudlet, and can thus lower the end-to-end (E2E) delay. However, UEs are moving over time, and so the low E2E delay may not be maintained if UEs' Avatars stay in their original cloudlets. Thus, live Avatar migration (i.e., migrating a UE's Avatar to a suitable cloudlet based on the UE's location) is enabled to maintain the low E2E delay between each UE and its Avatar. On the other hand, the migration itself incurs extra overheads in terms of resources of the Avatar, which compromise the performance of applications running in the Avatar. By considering the gain (i.e., the E2E delay reduction) and the cost (i.e., the migration overheads) of the live Avatar migration, we propose a PRofIt Maximization Avatar pLacement (PRIMAL) strategy for the cloudlet network in order to optimize the tradeoff between the migration gain and the migration cost by selectively migrating the Avatars to their optimal locations. Simulation results demonstrate that as compared to the other two strategies (i.e., Follow Me Avatar and Static), PRIMAL maximizes the profit in terms of maintaining the low average E2E delay between UEs and their Avatars and minimizing the migration cost simultaneously.

关键词： avatars end-to-end UNITED ELECTRIC Immigration Migrations NETWORK STRUCTURE

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Caching resource sharing in radio access networks： a game theoretic approach

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic engineering 2016年第12期17卷 1253-1265页

作者： Jun-feng XIE Ren-chao XIE Tao HUANG Jiang LIU F. Richard YU Yun-jie LIU State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa ON KIS 5B6 Canada

Deployment of caching in wireless networks has been considered an effective method to cope with the challenge brought on by the explosive wireless traffic. Although some research has been conducted on caching in cellular networks, most of the previous works have focused on performance optimization for content caching. To the best of our knowledge, the problem of caching resource sharing for multiple service provider servers （SPSs） has been largely ignored. In this paper, by assuming that the caching capability is deployed in the base station of a radio access network, we consider the problem of caching resource sharing for multiple SPSs competing for the caching space. We formulate this problem as an oligopoly market model and use a dynamic non-cooperative game to obtain the optimal amount of caching space needed by the SPSs. In the dynamic game, the SPSs gradually and iteratively adjust their strategies based on their previous strategies and the information given by the base station. Then through rigorous mathematical analysis, the Nash equilibrium and stability condition of the dynamic game are proven. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed dynamic caching resource allocation scheme.

关键词： Video caching Oligopoly market Game theory Nash equilibrium Stability analysis

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Green Energy Aware User Association in Heterogeneous Networks

Green Energy Aware User Association in Heterogeneous Network...

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IEEE Wireless Communications and networking Conference

作者： Qiang Fan Nirwan Ansari Advanced Networking Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781467398152

Greening information and communications technology is becoming an environmental and economic sine qua non, and has attracted much research attention. For a cellular network, the base stations (BSs) cost more than 50% of the energy consumption of the whole network. Therefore, BSs can be powered by green energy to reduce its on-grid power consumption. In this paper, we propose a greeN Energy Aware user associaTion (NEAT) scheme in the two-tier green heterogeneous network, that enables a BS depleting of green energy to offload its traffic load to other BSs with excessive green energy. Since the Macro BS (MBS) and Pico BS (PBS) employ different partitions of the licensed spectrum, we also consider the bandwidth allocation and adjust the two spectrum partitions dynamically. However, in the NEAT scheme, achieving the optimal user association in terms of minimizing the on-grid power consumption of BSs, is NP-hard. Therefore, we propose a heuristic NEAT algorithm to approximate the optimal solution with low computational complexity. Finally, the performance and viability of the algorithm are substantiated by simulation results.

关键词： green energy Heterogeneous networks Power consumption Bahamas Transportation load energy consumption bandwidth allocation optimal solution Information and communication technology Awareness

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