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New paradigms of water-enabled electrical energy generation

SusMat 2024年第3期4卷 73-103页

作者： Zhengtong Li Tao Yang Jia-Han Zhang Taotao Meng Saad Melhi Jungmok You Miharu Eguchi Likun Pan Yusuke Yamauchi Xingtao Xu The National Key Laboratory ofWater Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentState Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjingChina School of Electronic Information Engineering Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingChina College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of BishaBishaSaudi Arabia Department of Plant&Environmental New Resources College of Life SciencesKyung Hee UniversityYongin-siGyeonggi-doSouth Korea Department of Applied Chemistry School of Advanced Science and EngineeringWaseda UniversityShinjuku-kuTokyoJapan Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance School of Physics and Electronic ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Materials Process Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushanZhejiangChina

Nanotechnology-inspired small-sized water-enabled electricity generation(WEG)has sparked widespread research interest,especially when applied as an electricity source for off-grid low-power electronic equipment and ***,WEG encompasses a wide range of physical phenomena,generator structures,and power generation ***,a systematic framework to clearly describe the connections and differences between these technologies is *** this review,a comprehensive overview of generator technologies and the typical mechanisms for harvesting water energy is *** the different roles of water inWEG processes,the related technologies are presented as two different ***,a detailed analysis of the electrical potential formation in each WEG process is presented,and their similarities and differences are ***,a comprehensive compilation of advanced generator architectures and system designs based on hydrological cycle processes is presented,along with their respective energy *** nanotechnology-inspired small-sized WEG devices show considerable potential for applications in the Internet of Things ecosystem(i.e.,microelectronic devices,integrated circuits,and smart clothing).Finally,the prospects and future challenges of WEG devices are also summarized.

关键词： electricity generation mechanisms Internet of Things multi-angle generator systems smallsized generators water-enabled electricity generation

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Evaluation of Metabolites Derived from Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kimchi

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ACS Symposium Series 2019年 1303卷 3-10页

作者： Hwang, Hyelyeon Lee, Jong-Hee Research and Development Division Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group World Institute of Kimchi Gwangju61755 Korea Republic of

Food fermentation facilitates long-term storage and increases the amount of active metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with consequent beneficial effects for human health. Therefore, the identification of metabolites from fermented foods is important in elucidating the fermentation mechanism and improving the taste, flavor, and amount of active compounds. In this study, we cultured LAB isolated from kimchi and performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with principal-component analysis to analyze the metabolites produced. Kimchi is a popular Korean fermented food with numerous health benefits, and its constituent bacteria have been well-characterized. We have demonstrated that the application of an untargeted metabolomics approach can identify bacteria-specific metabolites. Using this approach, we were able to identify production of the LAB metabolite HICA and showed that HICA catabolism is positively associated with acidic environments, which is the primary physiological phenotype of fermentation. Therefore, elucidation of the specific metabolites produced by these LAB strains used in kimchi fermentation can help to provide further insight into the fermentation process and improve the nutritive value of the product. © 2019 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metabolites

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Optimized EUV Scatterometry Measurements with Tunable High Harmonic Generation and the Fisher Information Matrix

Optimized EUV Scatterometry Measurements with Tunable High H...

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Metrology, Inspection, and process Control XXXIX 2025

作者： Klein, Clay Jenkins, Nicholas Shao, Yunzhe Li, Yunhao Park, Seungbeom Kim, Wookrae Kapteyn, Henry Murnane, Margaret Department of Physics JILA & STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center University of Colorado NIST BoulderCO United States Core Technology R&D Team Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Hwasung Korea Republic of Advanced Process Development Team 4 Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Hwasung Korea Republic of Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc. 4775 Walnut Street #102 BoulderCO80301 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510686380

We present the use of high harmonic generation (HHG) to achieve sub-nanometer sensitivity to out-of-plane geometric features on an industrially relevant damascene sample with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scatterometry. We also demonstrate a methodology to take advantage of the tuneability of HHG by selecting experimental conditions that maximize the sensitivity of EUV scatterometry. The method uses the Fisher information matrix to encode prior knowledge about the sample into a robust mathematical framework that enables automated selection of the optimal experimental conditions such as wavelength and incidence angles. Importantly, HHG allows us to use wavelength tunability across the EUV spectrum through precisely controlled phase matching to achieve these conditions. We apply this to our damascene sample to show that EUV light at ~13nm will maximize the sensitivity of our scatterometry measurements and the angle selection will break correlations between parameters to enable a reliable solution to the inverse problem. Using this approach, we are able to take full advantage of the wavelength tunability of HHG based EUV sources to support accurate metrology for next generation semiconductor devices. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Extreme ultraviolet lithography

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The investigation of pH controlling and HCl concentrations for synthesis radar absorber material 12

The investigation of pH controlling and HCl concentrations f...

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12th International Conference on Physics and Its Applications, ICOPIA 2024

作者： Yustanti, E. Gusti, M.F. Noviyanto, A. Randa, M. Department of Metallurgical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Jl. Jend. Sudirman KM 03 Cilegon Banten42435 Indonesia Center of Excellence Nanomaterial and Process Technology Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Jl. Jend. Sudirman KM 03 Cilegon Banten42435 Indonesia Center of Excellence Advanced Materials Nano Center Indonesia Jl. PUSPIPTEK Tangerang Selatan Banten15314 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Mercu Buana University Jl. Meruya Selatan Kebun Jeruk Jakarta11650 Indonesia Research and Development Agency Indonesia Ministry of Defense Jl. Jati No.1 Pondok Labu Jakarta12450 Indonesia

Barium hexaferrite, with the chemical formula BaFe12O19, is a well-known permanent magnet. Due to its extraordinary magnetic properties, barium hexaferrite has the potential to be one of the best candidates for microwave absorbers. It is essential to use high-level iron (Fe) as a precursor to synthesize barium hexaferrite. This study used natural FeCl3 precursors from the iron sands of Anyer Beach, Banten. Iron sand is leached with hydrochloric acid (HCl). This study investigated the varying concentrations of HCl, including 8M, 10M, and 12M. This study examined the leaching of iron sand by characterizing it using x-ray fluorescence to determine the amount of each element present. The X-ray fluorescence results for the highest Fe value are 41.624%. This study used the co-precipitation method to create a material that blocks radar. Barium hexaferrite with Mg and Al as dopants is the basis of this material. The washing pH affects the decrease in the reflection loss value. This study investigated variations of pH 7, pH 9, and pH 11. The BHF dopant Mg-Al achieves its optimum at pH 7, resulting in a particle size of 90 nm. At 8.2 GHz, the reflection loss value reaches -18.1462 dB. The reflection loss value corresponds to 98.42% microwave absorption. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sand

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Enhancing exergy efficiency and environmental sustainability in pressure swing azeotropic distillation

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Cleaner Energy Systems 2024年 9卷

作者： Wavomba Mtogo, Jonathan Wanyaga Mugo, Gladys Mizsey, Peter Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest 1111 Hungary Chemical Engineering Division Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute P.O. Box 30650 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre University of Miskolc Egyetemváros Miskolc H-3515 Hungary

This study explores the economic, energetic, exergy efficiency, and environmental benefits of energy integration in pressure-swing distillation, focusing on the separation of tetrahydrofuran/water and acetone/chloroform azeotropes. Heat integration and heat pump techniques are applied to reduce energy consumption. Three energy-efficient configurations are examined, comparing total annual cost (TAC), total energy consumption (TEC), CO₂ emissions, and second-law efficiency. In the tetrahydrofuran/water system, heat integration and heat pump technologies outperform conventional processes, achieving up to 50.2% TAC reduction, 59.6% TEC reduction, 82.8% CO₂ emission reduction, and thermodynamic efficiencies up to 23.5%. In the acetone/chloroform system, similar improvements are observed, with up to 70.9% TAC reduction, 87.2% CO₂ emission reduction, and thermodynamic efficiencies up to 17.6%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of energy-saving strategies, endorsing process intensification for environmentally sustainable azeotropic mixture separations. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Azeotrope CO2 emissions Exergy analysis Pressure-swing distillation

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Characterisation of tire wear particles and their chemical markers: A case study along a German highway

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Tumwet, Faith Chebet Fester, Karin Vrchovecká, Stanislava Scheytt, Traugott Chair of Hydrogeology and Hydrochemistry TU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg 09599 Germany Zittau Institute for Process Development Recycling Management Surface Technology and Natural Substance Research (ZIRKON) University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz (HSZG) Zittau 02763 Germany Institute for Nanomaterials Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI) Technical University of Liberec Studentská 1402/2 Liberec 461 17 Czech Republic

This case study investigates tire wear particles (TWP) and their chemical markers (6PPD-Q, DPG, 2-OHBT) in road dust and roadside soils along a German highway. Using SEM/EDX, FTIR, and LC-MS, TWP and their associated markers were characterised and quantified across road surfaces, soils, and drainage ditches. Results show diverse TWP morphologies and distinct distribution patterns influenced by physicochemical properties and environmental factors. The chemical markers exhibited varied environmental behaviours: 6PPD-Q (1.26–193 μg/g) showed strong adsorption, DPG (0.001–2.45 μg/g) had moderate persistence, and 2-OHBT (0.03–5.09 μg/g) exhibited high mobility. These findings emphasise the need for targeted mitigation strategies. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： 2-OHBT 6PPD-Q Chemical mapping DPG Single particle analysis

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Electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis catalyzed by mesoporous nickel oxide nanosheets loaded with Pt nanoparticles

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第5期43卷 1371-1378页

作者： Wei Xiong Min Zhou Hao Li Zhao Ding Da Zhang Yaokang Lv Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process(Ministry of Education) Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory Of Novel Reactor&Green Chemical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205HubeiChina Department of Physics Technical University of DenmarkLyngby 2800Denmark The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430071HubeiChina Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Wuhan 430071HubeiChina College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014ZhejiangChina

Owing to its cost‐effectiveness and adjustable eight‐electron distribution in the 3d orbital,nickel oxide(NiO)is considered an effective electrocatalyst for an ambient electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR).However,because of the low conductivity of the transition metal oxide electrocatalyst,its application in this field is *** this study,we found that the doping of NiO nanosheets with a small amount(3–10 nm)of Pt nanoparticles(Pt/NiO‐NSs)leads to considerable improvements in the Faradaic efficiency(FE)and NH_(3) yield compared with those obtained using pure NiO,breaking the common perception that commercial Pt‐based electrocatalysts demonstrate little potential for NRR due to their high hydrogen evolution *** a 0.1 mol/L Na_(2)SO_(4) solution at−0.2 V ***,a typical Pt/NiO‐2 sample exhibits an optimum electrochemical NH_(3) yield of 20.59μg h^(–1)mg^(–1)*** an FE of 15.56%,which are approximately 5 and 3 times greater,respectively,than those of pure NiO nanosheets at the same applied potential.X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that Pt in Pt/NiO‐NSs exist as Pt0,Pt^(2+),and Pt^(4+)and that high‐valence Pt ions are more electropositive,thereby favoring chemisorption and the activation of N2 *** function theory calculations showed that the d‐band of Pt nanoparticles supported on NiO is significantly tuned compared to that of pure Pt,affording a more favorable electronic structure for *** results of this study show that Pt can be an effective NRR electrochemical catalyst when loaded on an appropriate *** importantly,it provides a new synthetic avenue for the fabrication of highly active Pt‐based NRR electrocatalysts.

关键词： Platinum nanoparticles NiO nanosheets Nitrogen reduction reaction Electrocatalysis

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A Novel Anaerobic Digestion (Ad) System Driven By Iron-Based Metal-Organic Framework (Fe-Mof) Towards Expediting the Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer (Diet): Insights into Electron Transfer and Metabolic Pathways

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Geng, Mengqi Zhang, Yichu Ma, Rui Wu, Di Zhang, Yifeng Qian, Jin Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University China Centre for Environmental and Engineering Research Ghent University Global Campus Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Ghent Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery [CAPTURE Ghent9000 Belgium Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering Technical University of Denmark Miljoevej B113 Kgs LyngbyDK 2800 Denmark

The inadequate methane production and substandard hydrolysis-acidification activity have impeded the practical application of anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge (WAS). Recently, metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have shown the promising capability of controlling proton/electron transfer in AD processes. This study uses a typical iron-based MOF, MIL-88A(Fe), synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method to improve the methanogenic potential for the WAS treatment. The findings indicate that adding 150 mg MIL-88A(Fe)/g WAS VS resulted in a 57.23% increase in accumulated methane production and a 43.84% increase in daily maximum methane production. The methane production rate (Rmax) also increased from 22.25 to 29.14 mL/g VS/d. MIL-88A(Fe) enhanced the electron transfer capacity, accelerated the hydrolysis of WAS, boosted acetate generation, and mitigated the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. The significant enrichment of Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta and the up-regulation of key methanogenesis enzyme-encoding genes suggested that the CO2 reduction and acetoclastic methanation were strengthened. Moreover, MIL-88A(Fe) stimulated the production of c-type cytochrome and e-pili, facilitating direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between norank-f-SC-I-84 and Methanobacterium. This study provides new solutions for improving methane production and offers insights into the mechanism of enhanced methanogenesis of AD in the presence of MIL-88A(Fe). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

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α-GalCer-LNP ehanced mRNA delivery and activates natural killer T cells for superior tumor immunotherapy

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Materials Today Bio 2025年 32卷 101893页

作者： Zhang, Kexin Xu, Zhen Xiao, Zexiu Cao, Fei Wang, Jing Xu, Yuandong Ma, Winson M.J. Long, Sihui Zha, Gao-Feng Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Hubei Wuhan430205 China Scientific Research Centre Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen518107 China Research and Development Centre Shenzhen MagicRNA Biotech Guangdong Shenzhen518107 China Department of Urology Kidney and Urology Centre Pelvic Floor Disorders Centre The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen518107 China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518107 China

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a clinically validated platform for cancer immunotherapy;however, challenges remain in optimizing RNA delivery and promoting synergistic immune activation. To address these issues, we developed a modified LNP system that incorporates α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a CD1d-binding glycolipid known to activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Through structural optimization, we created the α-GalCer-LNP (G-LNP), which offers three primary advantages over conventional four-component LNPs: (1) enhanced mRNA transfection efficiency due to improved endosomal/lysosomal escape, (2) increased capacity for in vivo DC transfection, leading to robust activation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells via MHC-I and iNKT cells via the CD1d pathway, and (3) reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment, resulting in a 1.5-fold increase in iNKT cell infiltration and sustained elevation of IFN-γ (>24 h) in lymph nodes. In a TC-1 cervical carcinoma model, G-LNP induced complete tumor regression in 100 % of treated mice (compared to 42.85 % for standard LNP) and provided long-term protection against tumor rechallenge (lasting >100 days). Mechanistic studies showed that G-LNP preferentially targets CD11c+ DC in the lymph nodes, facilitating coordinated antigen presentation and innate immune activation. This five-component engineering strategy establishes a versatile platform to enhance the functionality of LNPs for the development of next-generation cancer vaccines. © 2025

关键词： T-cells

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Effect of Steel Slag on Soil Fertility and Plant Growth

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2022年第3期11卷 209-221页

作者： Zakirul Islam Quoc Thinh Tran Shohei Koizumi Fumitaka Kato Kimio Ito Kiwako S. Araki Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Noji Higashi 1-1-1 Kusatsu Shiga Japan Advanced Technology Research Laboratories Research and Development Nippon Steel Corporation 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba Japan Resource and Process Solution Division Mineral Resources Department Nippon Steel Corporation 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba Japan

The effective utilization of steel slag, a byproduct produced in large quantities from the steel refining process, is an important issue. Because steel slag contains abundant mineral components, the effects of steel slag on soil bacterial biomass and plant mineral uptake were analyzed in this study. The soil pH increased in proportion to the amount of steel slag added. A lower concentration (0.2% to 1%) of steel slag addition did not change the bacterial biomass. However, a higher concentration of steel slag (above 1%) had a negative effect on bacterial biomass. A lower amount of steel slag (0.2% to 1%) addition in soil leads to increased mineral (Ca, Mg, and Fe) uptake and plant growth in Brassica rapa var. periviridis and Spinacia oleracea L. However, mineral uptake by the plants decreased when a large amount of steel slag (above 1%) was added to the soil. Low concentrations of steel slag (0.2% to 1%) in soil had positive effects on plant growth, mineral uptake of plants, and bacterial biomass.

关键词： Bacterial Biomass Mineral Uptake Nitrogen Circulation Phosphorus Circulation Plant Growth Steel Slag

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