The Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE) program began twenty years ago to provide support for women entering doctoral programs in the mathematical sciences. With a steadfast commitment to diversity among ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783030194864
ISBN:
(纸本)9783030194857
The Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE) program began twenty years ago to provide support for women entering doctoral programs in the mathematical sciences. With a steadfast commitment to diversity among participants, faculty, and staff, EDGE initially alternated between Bryn Mawr and Spelman Colleges. In later years, EDGE has been hosted on campuses around the nation and expanded to offer support for women throughout their graduate school and professional careers. The refereed papers in;range from short memoirs, to pedagogical studies, to current mathematics research. All papers are written by former EDGE participants, mentors, instructors, directors, and others connected to EDGE. Together, these papers offer compelling testimony that EDGE has produced a diverse new generation of leaders in the mathematics community. This volume contains technical and non-technical works, and it is intended for a far-reaching audience, including mathematicians, mathematics teachers, diversity officers, university administrators, government employees writing educational or science policy, and mathematics students at the high school, college, and graduate levels. By highlighting the scope of the work done by those supported by EDGE, the volume offers strong evidence of the American Mathematical Society’s recognition that EDGE is 'a program that makes a difference.”;This volume offers unique testimony that a 20-year old summer program has expanded its reach beyond the summer experience to produce a diverse new generation of women leaders, nearly half of whom are underrepresented women. While some books with a women-in-math theme focus only on one topic such as research or work-life balance, this book's broad scope includes papers on mathematics research, teaching, outreach, and career paths.
The two-dimensional material Cr2Ge2Te6 is a member of the class of insulating van der Waals (vdW) magnets. Here, using high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a detailed temperature dependence stu...
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The two-dimensional material Cr2Ge2Te6 is a member of the class of insulating van der Waals (vdW) magnets. Here, using high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a detailed temperature dependence study, we identify a clear response of the electronic structure to a dimensional crossover in the form of two distinct temperature scales marking onsets of modifications in the electronic structure. Specifically, we observe Te p-orbital-dominated bands to undergo changes at the Curie transition temperature TC while the Cr d-orbital-dominated bands begin evolving at a higher temperature scale. Combined with neutron scattering, density functional theory calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the electronic system can be consistently understood to respond sequentially to the distinct temperatures at which in-plane and out-of-plane spin correlations exceed a characteristic length scale. Our findings reveal the sensitivity of the orbital-selective electronic structure for probing the dynamical evolution of local moment correlations in vdW insulating magnets.
Tailored time variations can enable efficient control over signal flows, giving rise to exotic wave phenomena. In this work, we demonstrate how abrupt temporal switching of the coupling between two cavities can tailor...
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Tailored time variations can enable efficient control over signal flows, giving rise to exotic wave phenomena. In this work, we demonstrate how abrupt temporal switching of the coupling between two cavities can tailor the energy flow between them beyond the limitations of static scenarios, enabling unitary excitation transfer. The proposed scheme is robust with respect to a wide range of nonidealities, with implications for classical and quantum phenomena, from computing to nanophotonic systems.
Background: Vascular risk factors are common in older adults and contribute to brain damage, can manifest as increased white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and associated with future risk of stroke and dementia. Howev...
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Background: Vascular risk factors are common in older adults and contribute to brain damage, can manifest as increased white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and associated with future risk of stroke and dementia. However, their prevalence, effect across different neurodegenerative diseases, and association with WMH remains underexplored. Objective: To investigate the association between vascular risk burden, and brain white matter integrity, across five neurodegenerative conditions. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 520 participants from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI) cohorts: 126 with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment/Alzheimer’s Disease (MCI/AD), 53 with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), 161 with Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD), 140 with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and 40 with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), along with 41 cognitively healthy controls. A vascular risk index (VRI, range 0–5) assessed hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity (BMI ≥ 30), and smoking history. Macro (WMH volume) and micro (Diffusion tensor imaging) white matter integrity were evaluated using 3-Tesla MRI. Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression and ANCOVA, adjusting for age, sex, education, and APOE ε4 allele status. Results: Vascular risk factors, particularly hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, were more prevalent in the disease cohorts than controls. A higher VRI was significantly associated with MCI/AD (1.5-fold, p = 0.05), FTD (1.7-fold, p =0.02), and CVD (2.6-fold, p < 0.005) cohorts. High VRI was associated with reduced macro and microstructural white matter integrity in the pooled sample (macro: p = 0.005;micro: p = 0.003), and separately in CVD (macro: p = 0.04;micro: p = 0.002). APOE ε4 status only mildly attenuated these associations. Conclusion: Vascular risk burden is prevalent in neurocognitive syndromes including MCI/AD, FTD and CVD, and impacts white matter integrity. Future studies are needed to exp
Ultrasound (US)-guided needle insertion is widely employed in percutaneous interventions. However, providing feedback on the needle tip position via US imaging presents challenges due to noise, artifacts, and the thin...
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In this paper, we introduce Gene Knockout Inference (GenKI), a virtual knockout (KO) tool for gene function prediction using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data in the absence of KO samples when only wild-type...
In this paper, we introduce Gene Knockout Inference (GenKI), a virtual knockout (KO) tool for gene function prediction using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data in the absence of KO samples when only wild-type (WT) samples are available. Without using any information from real KO samples, GenKI is designed to capture shifting patterns in gene regulation caused by the KO perturbation in an unsupervised manner and provide a robust and scalable framework for gene function studies. To achieve this goal, GenKI adapts a variational graph autoencoder (VGAE) model to learn latent representations of genes and interactions between genes from the input WT scRNA-seq data and a derived single-cell gene regulatory network (scGRN). The virtual KO data is then generated by computationally removing all edges of the KO gene-the gene to be knocked out for functional study-from the scGRN. The differences between WT and virtual KO data are discerned by using their corresponding latent parameters derived from the trained VGAE model. Our simulations show that GenKI accurately approximates the perturbation profiles upon gene KO and outperforms the state-of-the-art under a series of evaluation conditions. Using publicly available scRNA-seq data sets, we demonstrate that GenKI recapitulates discoveries of real-animal KO experiments and accurately predicts cell type-specific functions of KO genes. Thus, GenKI provides an in-silico alternative to KO experiments that may partially replace the need for genetically modified animals or other genetically perturbed systems.
In this paper, we present the results of the MitoEM challenge on mitochondria 3D instance segmentation from electron microscopy images, organized in conjunction with the IEEE-ISBI 2021 conference. Our benchmark datase...
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Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic interactions. Here, fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-n...
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Unlike geometrical features, such as shape or volume, the topological properties of an object do not change continuously, but only due to abrupt transitions associated with a change in the integer quantities that desc...
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Unlike geometrical features, such as shape or volume, the topological properties of an object do not change continuously, but only due to abrupt transitions associated with a change in the integer quantities that describe these properties - known as topological invariants. In turn, this resilience of topological features is associated with intrinsic robustness. For example, the topological invariant known as the Chern number, associated with the quantization of the Hall conductance in a two-dimensional electron gas, supports disorder-immune electron transport at the surface of topological insulators (TIs). One of the most significant breakthroughs in physics of the last decade has been the discovery that materials with non-trivial topological properties for electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical responses can be designed and manufactured at our will through engineered metamaterials (MMs). Here, we review the foundation and the state-of-the-art advances of topological photonics, acoustics and mechanical MMs. We discuss how topological MMs enable nontrivial wave phenomena in physics, engineering, of great interest for a broad range of interdisciplinary science disciplines such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the foundations of topological materials and the main concepts behind their peculiar features, including the concepts of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of electronic band structures in natural topological materials, like topological insulators and gapless Dirac and Weyl semimetals. Based on these concepts, we review the concept, design and response of topologically nontrivial MMs in photonics and phononics, including topological phases in 2D MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet TIs based on spatial and temporal modulation, topological phases in 3D MMs, higher-order topological phases in MMs, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs and the topological features of scatteri
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