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Physical Review A 2019年第5期99卷 051802(R)-051802(R)页

作者： Saeid Asgarnezhad-Zorgabad Pierre Berini Barry C. Sanders Department of Physics Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11365 11155 Iran Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 Department of Physics University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa Ontario Canada K1N 6N5 Centre for Research in Photonics University of Ottawa 25 Templeton St. Ottawa Ontario Canada K1N 6N5 School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 700 King Edward St. Ottawa Ontario Canada K1N 6N5 Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1M1

We develop a concept for a waveguide that exploits spatial control of nonlinear surface-polaritonic waves. Our scheme includes an optical cavity with four-level N-type atoms in a lossless dielectric placed above a negative-index metamaterial layer. We propose exciting a polaritonic Akhmediev breather at a certain position of the interface between the atomic medium and the metamaterial by modifying laser-field intensities and detunings. Furthermore, we propose generating position-dependent polaritonic frequency combs by engineering widths of the electromagnetically induced transparency window commensurate with the surface-polaritonic modulation instability. Therefore, this waveguide acts as a high-speed polaritonic modulator and position-dependent frequency-comb generator, which can be applied to compact photonic chips.

关键词： Metamaterials Nonlinear optics Plasmonics Quantum optics

Low-temperature electron-phonon interaction of quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Grosso, Gabriele Moon, Hyowon Ciccarino, Christopher J. Flick, Johannes Mendelson, Noah Toth, Milos Aharonovich, Igor Narang, Prineha Englund, Dirk R. Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Photonics Initiative New YorkNY United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA United States School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology Sydney UltimoNSW2007 Australia Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY United States

关键词： Electron-phonon interactions

FINDING CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY IN FISH SCHOOLS VIA INTEGRATED INFORMATION THEORY

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Niizato, Takayuki Sakamoto, Kotaro Mototake, Yoh-ichi Murakami, Hisashi Tomaru, Takenori Hoshika, Tomotaro Fukushima, Toshiki Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems University of Tsukuba Japan Human Biology Program University of Tsukuba Japan Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Japan

Collective behaviour is known to be the result of diverse dynamics and is sometimes likened to a living system. Although many studies have revealed the dynamics of various collective behaviours, their main focus was on the information process inside the collective, not on the whole system itself. For example, the qualitative difference between two elements and three elements as a system has rarely been investigated. Tononi et al. have proposed Integrated Information Theory (IIT) to measure the degree of consciousness Φ. IIT postulates that the amount of information loss caused by certain partitions is equivalent to the degree of information integration in the system. This measure is not only useful for estimating the degree of consciousness but can also be applied to more general network systems. Here we applied IIT (in particular, IIT 3.0 using PyPhi) to analyse real fish schools (Plecoglossus altivelis). Our hypothesis in this study is a very simple one: a living system evolves to raise its Φ value. If we accept this hypothesis, IIT reveals the existence of continuous and discontinuous properties as group size varies. For example, leadership in the fish school emerged for a school size of four or above;but not below three. Furthermore, this transition was not observed by measuring mutual information or in a simple Boids model. This result suggests that integrated information Φ can reveal some inherent properties which cannot be observed using other measures. We also discuss how the fish recognition of the figure-ground relation, that is, what determines the relevant ON and OFF states, may reveal various optimal paths for obtaining the functional evolution of collective behaviour. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information theory

Quantifying myelin in brain tissue using color spatial light interference microscopy (cSLIM)

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Fanous, Michael Caputo, Megan P. Lee, Young Jae Rund, Laurie A. Best-Popescu, Catherine Kandel, Mikhail E. Johnson, Rodney W. Das, Tapas Kuchan, Matthew J. Popescu, Gabriel Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 306 N. Wright Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignIL61801 United States Neuroscience Program University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Laboratory of Integrative Immunology & Behavior Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignIL61801 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 306 N. Wright Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Abbott Nutrition Discovery Research ColumbusOH43219 United States Abbott Nutrition Strategic Research 3300 Stelzer Road ColumbusOH United States

Deficient myelination of the brain is associated with neurodevelopmental delays, particularly in high-risk infants, such as those born small in relation to their gestational age (SGA). New methods are needed to further study this condition. Here, we employ Color Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (cSLIM), which uses a brightfield objective and RGB camera to generate pathlength-maps with nanoscale sensitivity in conjunction with a regular brightfield image. Using tissue sections stained with Luxol Fast Blue, the myelin structures were segmented from a brightfield image. Using a binary mask, those portions were quantitatively analyzed in the corresponding phase maps. We first used the CLARITY method to remove tissue lipids and validate the sensitivity of cSLIM to lipid content. We then applied cSLIM to brain histology slices. These specimens are from a previous MRI study, which demonstrated that appropriate for gestational age (AGA) piglets have increased internal capsule myelination (ICM) compared to small for gestational age (SGA) piglets and that a hydrolyzed fat diet improved ICM in both. The identity of samples was blinded until after statistical analyses. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brain

Noninvasive Glucose Sensor Based on Parity-Time Symmetry

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Physical Review Applied 2019年第4期11卷 044049-044049页

作者： Yun Jing Zhang Hoyeong Kwon Mohammad-Ali Miri Efthymios Kallos Helena Cano-Garcia Mei Song Tong Andrea Alu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin 78712 USA Department of Electronic Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China Department of Physics Queens College of the City University of New York Queens New York 11367 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York 10016 USA Medical Wireless Sensing Ltd London E1 2AX UK King’s College London London WC2R 2LS UK Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York 10031 USA Department of Electrical Engineering City College of The City University of New York New York 10031 USA

We discuss a noninvasive technique to detect glucose changes with enhanced sensitivity based on parity-time (PT) symmetry. We detect glucose level changes within the skin by measuring the frequency shift in the electromagnetic resonance induced within a PT-symmetric system that sandwiches the tissue sample under analysis. Even though the sample itself is lossy, and therefore, resonances would be damped, the introduction of balanced gain and loss enables an efficient sensing mechanism that bypasses the conventional limitations of passive sensing schemes. Our results indicate that the resonance shift can be made fairly linear with respect to the glucose concentration variations, and the expected accuracy is large. We also investigate a realistic system to implement the noninvasive PT-symmetric glucose sensor using loop antennas and negative impedance converters, exploring its sensitivity with respect to design errors and disorder.

关键词： Medical physics Optical parametric oscillators & amplifiers Optoelectronics Metamaterials Solid-state detectors PT-symmetry Microwave techniques Resonance techniques

Hot air treatment: Alternative annealing of TiO2 nanoparticulate films without substrate deformation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2279卷

作者： Arisara Panthawan Winai Thongpan Porntipa Pooseekheaw Nidchamon Jumrus Tewasin Kumpika Wattikon Sroila Ekkapong Kantarak Panupong Sanmuangmoon Adisorn Tuantranont Wiradej Thongsuwan Pisith Singjai 1PhD’s Degree Program in Materials Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand 3Department of Physics and Materials Science Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand 2Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand 4Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand 5Thailand Organic and Printed Electronics Innovation Center National Electronics and Computer Technology Center National Science and Technology Development Agency (Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand) 6Center of Advanced Materials of Printed Electronics and Sensors Materials Science Research Center Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticulate films was successfully annealed on a glass substrate via alternative hot air treatment (HAT). Interestingly, HAT not only protects the glass substrate deformation but can also reduce cost and time in the annealing process. The annealed films using HAT at 500 °C for 10 min can be compared with the annealed films in conventional furnace heat treatment (FHT) at 500 °C for 60 min. The results showed the sizes of ∼7.9 nm are obtained after the films annealed with both annealing techniques. The surface roughness of the as-deposited, the annealed films using FHT and HAT were 17.37, 23.74 and 23.26 nm, respectively. The energy band gap of the as- deposited films, the annealed films using FHT and HAT were 3.24 eV, 3.1 and 3.19 eV, respectively. Moreover, the annealed films using FHT and HAT techniques show superhydrophilic with a water contact angle of 3.42° and 2.81°, while the as-deposited films was 8.93°. After aging time testing, superhydrophilicity of the annealed films using HAT is greater than FHT. The result is in good agreement with Ti wt% of the as-deposited, the annealed films using FHT and HAT left on the substrate to 0.15, 0.73 and 0.65 nm after testing simulation for 20 years.

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All-optical reconfigurable chiral meta-molecules

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Lin, Linhan Lepeshov, Sergey Krasnok, Alex Jiang, Taizhi Peng, Xiaolei Korgel, Brian A. Alu, Andrea Zheng, Yuebing Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States ITMO University St. Petersburg197101 Russia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Mc Ketta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York NY10016 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College of The City University New YorkNY10031 United States

Chirality is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the natural world. Many biomolecules without inversion symmetry such as amino acids and sugars are chiral molecules. Measuring and controlling molecular chirality at a high precision down to the atomic scale are highly desired in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, however, have remained challenging. Herein, we achieve all-optical reconfigurable chiral meta-molecules experimentally using metallic and dielectric colloidal particles as artificial atoms or building blocks to serve at least two purposes. One is that the on-demand meta-molecules with strongly enhanced optical chirality are well-suited as substrates for surface-enhanced chiroptical spectroscopy of chiral molecules and as active components in optofluidic and nanophotonic devices. The other is that the bottom-up-assembled colloidal meta-molecules provide microscopic models to better understand the origin of chirality in the actual atomic and molecular systems. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atoms

Inverse-designed photonic circuits for fully passive, bias-free Kerr-based nonreciprocal transmission and routing

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Yang, Ki Youl Skarda, Jinhie Cotrufo, Michele Dutt, Avik Ahn, Geun Ho Vercruysse, Dries Fan, Shanhui Alù, Andrea Vucković, Jelena E. L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States

Nonreciprocal devices such as isolators and circulators are key enabling technologies for communication systems, both at microwave and optical frequencies. While nonreciprocal devices based on magnetic effects are available for free-space and fibre-optic communication systems, their on-chip integration has been challenging, primarily due to the concomitant high insertion loss, weak magneto-optical effects, and material incompatibility. We show that Kerr nonlinear resonators can be used to achieve all-passive, low-loss, bias-free, broadband nonreciprocal transmission and routing for applications in photonic systems such as chip-scale LIDAR. A multi-port nonlinear Fano resonator is used as an on-chip, all-optical router for frequency comb based distance measurement. Since time-reversal symmetry imposes stringent limitations on the operating power range and transmission of a single nonlinear resonator, we implement a cascaded Fano-Lorentzian resonator system that overcomes these limitations and significantly improves the insertion loss, bandwidth and non-reciprocal power range of current state-of-the-art devices. This work provides a platform-independent design for nonreciprocal transmission and routing that are ideally suited for photonic integration. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Insertion losses

Patterns of somatic structural variation in human cancer genomes (vol 578, pg 112, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E38-E38页

作者： Li, Yilong Roberts, Nicola D. Wala, Jeremiah A. Shapira, Ofer Schumacher, Steven E. Kumar, Kiran Khurana, Ekta Waszak, Sebastian Korbel, Jan O. Haber, James E. Imielinski, Marcin Weischenfeldt, Joachim Beroukhim, Rameen Campbell, Peter J. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK Totient Inc Cambridge MA USA Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) University of Vigo Vigo Spain Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology (CiMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) Universidade de Vigo Vigo Spain The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research Charlestown MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Controlled Department and Institution New York NY USA Englander Institute for Precision Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine Ne

The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer (vol 578, pg 94, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E41-E41页

作者： Alexandrov, Ludmil B. Kim, Jaegil Haradhvala, Nicholas J. Huang, Mi Ni Ng, Alvin Wei Tian Wu, Yang Boot, Arnoud Covington, Kyle R. Gordenin, Dmitry A. Bergstrom, Erik N. Islam, S. M. Ashiqul Lopez-Bigas, Nuria Klimczak, Leszek J. McPherson, John R. Morganella, Sandro Sabarinathan, Radhakrishnan Wheeler, David A. Mustonen, Ville Getz, Gad Rozen, Steven G. Stratton, Michael R. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of Bioengineering Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego CA USA Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center San Diego CA USA University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Computational Biology Program Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto ON Canada Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Centre for Computational Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Centre for Computational Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine National Heart Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore Singapore Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome Division of Medical Science National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory National Ins