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Highly-efficient(>70%)and Wide-spectral(400-1700 nm)sub-micron-thick InGaAs photodiodes for future high-resolution image sensors

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第12期13卷 3224-3235页

作者： Dae-Myeong Geum Jinha Lim Junho Jang Seungyeop Ahn SeongKwang Kim Joonsup Shim Bong Ho Kim Juhyuk Park Woo Jin Baek Jaeyong Jeong SangHyeon Kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

This paper demonstrates the novel approach of sub-micron-thick InGaAs broadband photodetectors(PDs)designed for high-resolution imaging from the visible to short-wavelength infrared(SWIR)*** approaches encounter challenges such as low resolution and crosstalk issues caused by a thick absorption layer(AL).Therefore,we propose a guided-mode resonance(GMR)structure to enhance the quantum efficiency(QE)of the InGaAs PDs in the SWIR region with only sub-micron-thick *** TiOx/Au-based GMR structure compensates for the reduced AL thickness,achieving a remarkably high QE(>70%)from 400 to 1700 nm with only a 0.98μm AL InGaAs PD(defined as 1μm AL PD).This represents a reduction in thickness by at least 2.5 times compared to previous results while maintaining a high ***,the rapid transit time is highly expected to result in decreased electrical *** effectiveness of the GMR structure is evident in its ability to sustain QE even with a reduced AL thickness,simultaneously enhancing the transit *** breakthrough offers a viable solution for high-resolution and low-noise broadband image sensors.

关键词： thick resolution image

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Beamforming and Reflection Design for Short Packet ISAC With Non-Ideal RIS: An A3C-Based Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8379-8384页

作者： Mahmoudi, Behrad Khonsari, Ahmad Zeinali, Farshad Mili, Mohammad Robat Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz Xiao, Pei University of Tehran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tehran Iran University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran Iran School of Computer Science in the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran United Kingdom Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions Tehran Iran

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising solution to mitigate the increasing congestion of the wireless spectrum. In this paper, we investigate the short packet communication regime within an ISAC system assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to meet the low latency ultra-reliable requirements in the next-generation wireless networks. We consider a non-ideal RIS model that captures effects of the phase-dependent amplitude variations in the reflection coefficients, and we have incorporated the near-field model into the channels between the RIS and the users or targets. In this setup, we jointly design the transmit beamforming and the RIS phase shifts to maximize the sum rate while satisfying the sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement. The system simultaneously carries out multitarget sensing and multi-user short packet communications with the help of the RIS. Considering the non-convex and dynamic nature of the resulting optimization problem, we propose an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) based method for beamforming and reflection design in this setup. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme over the benchmarks. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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The H∞ Robust Stability and Performance Conditions for Uncertain Robot Manipulators

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 270-272页

作者： Geun Il Song Hae Yeon Park Jung Hoon Kim the Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) the Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) the Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei University

Dear Editor,H∞This letter develops a new framework for the robust stability and performance conditions as well as the relevant controller synthesis with respect to uncertain robot *** often exist model uncertainties between the nominal model and the real robot manipulator and disturbances. Hence, dealing with their effects plays a crucial role in leading to high tracking performances, as discussed in [1]–[5].

关键词： Robot applications

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A State-Migration Particle Swarm Optimizer for Adaptive Latent Factor Analysis of High-Dimensional and Incomplete Data

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第11期11卷 2220-2235页

作者： Jiufang Chen Kechen Liu Xin Luo Ye Yuan Khaled Sedraoui Yusuf Al-Turki MengChu Zhou IEEE the College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications the Department of Computer Science Columbia University the College of Computer and Information Science Southwest University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineeringand also with K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University the Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems the Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of Engineeringand also with K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

High-dimensional and incomplete(HDI) matrices are primarily generated in all kinds of big-data-related practical applications. A latent factor analysis(LFA) model is capable of conducting efficient representation learning to an HDI matrix,whose hyper-parameter adaptation can be implemented through a particle swarm optimizer(PSO) to meet scalable ***, conventional PSO is limited by its premature issues,which leads to the accuracy loss of a resultant LFA model. To address this thorny issue, this study merges the information of each particle's state migration into its evolution process following the principle of a generalized momentum method for improving its search ability, thereby building a state-migration particle swarm optimizer(SPSO), whose theoretical convergence is rigorously proved in this study. It is then incorporated into an LFA model for implementing efficient hyper-parameter adaptation without accuracy loss. Experiments on six HDI matrices indicate that an SPSO-incorporated LFA model outperforms state-of-the-art LFA models in terms of prediction accuracy for missing data of an HDI matrix with competitive computational ***, SPSO's use ensures efficient and reliable hyper-parameter adaptation in an LFA model, thus ensuring practicality and accurate representation learning for HDI matrices.

关键词： Data science generalized momentum high-dimensional and incomplete(HDI)data hyper-parameter adaptation latent factor analysis(LFA) particle swarm optimization(PSO)

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Investigation of operation and degradation mechanisms in ZnTeSe blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by identifying recombination zone

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Nano research 2024年第7期17卷 6527-6533页

作者： Oul Cho Sujin Park Hogeun Chang Jiwhan Kim Jaekwon Kim Sungwoo Kim Taehyung Kim Jeonghun Kwak Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inter-university Semiconductor Research Centerand Soft Foundry InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Material Research Center Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySuwonGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea

ZnTeSe quantum dots(QDs),recognized as promising eco-friendly blue electroluminescent emitters,remain under-explored in light-emitting diode(LED)***,to elucidate the operation and degradation mechanisms of ZnTeSe blue QD-LEDs,stacked ZnTeSe QD layers with discernable luminescence are designed by varying Te doping concentrations,and the recombination zones(RZs)of the blue QD-LEDs are *** RZs are identified near the hole-transport layer(HTL),confirmed by angular-dependent electroluminescence measurements and optical *** addition,in order to investigate carrier dynamics in the process of recombination,the transient electroluminescence(tr-EL)signals of the dichromatic QD-LEDs are *** a result,it is inferred that the RZ initially formed near the electron-transport layer(ETL)due to the high injection barriers of ***,due to the fast electron mobility,the RZ shifts toward the HTL as the operating current *** the device lifetime tests,the RZ remains stationary while the photoluminescence(PL)corresponding to the RZ undergoes a substantial decrease,indicating that the degradation is accelerated by the concentrated *** this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the operational mechanisms of ZnTeSe blue QD-LEDs.

关键词： quantum dots light-emitting diodes degradation recombination zones carrier dynamics

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Coupon-based Demand Response for Consumers Facing Flat-rate Retail Pricing

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第5期10卷 1887-1900页

作者： Hongxun Hui Yi Ding Kaining Luan Tao Chen Yonghua Song Saifur Rahman State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoMacao 999078China. College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. LTD.Nanjing 210000China School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Advanced Research Institute and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVA 22203USA

Even though smart meters have been widely used in power systems around the world,many consumers are still finding it hard to participate in demand response(DR)due to flat-rate retail pricing *** address this issue,this paper proposes a coupon-based demand response(CDR)scheme to achieve equivalent dynamic retail prices to inspire consumers’inherent ***,a security-constrained unit commitment optimization model is developed in the day-ahead market to obtain coupon rewards,which are then broadcast to consumers to motivate them to reschedule their power consumption *** evaluate the adjustment value of consumers’power consumption,a collective utility function is proposed to formulate the relationship between power quantity and coupon *** this basis,the security-constrained economic dispatch model is developed in the intra-day market to reschedule generating units’output power according to real-time load demands and fluctuating renewable *** the operation interval,a settlement method is developed to quantify consumers’electricity fees and coupon benefits on a monthly *** proposed CDR scheme avoids real-time iterative bidding process and effectively decreases the difficulty of massive,small consumers participating in *** proposed CDR is implemented in a realistic DR project in China to verify consumers’energy cost and renewables’curtailment can both be decreased.

关键词： Coupons demand response flat-rate retail pricing renewable energies small consumers

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Joint Frame Drop and Object Detection Task Offloading for Mobile Devices via RL With Lyapunov Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第7期24卷 6168-6182页

作者： Sohn, Vaughn Kim, Suhwan Lee, Hyang-Won Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Konkuk University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul05029 Korea Republic of

Object detection has become an increasingly important application for mobile devices. However, state-of-the-art object detection relies heavily on deep neural network, which is often burdensome to compute on mobile devices. To this end, we develop a layering framework for joint video frame drop and object detection task offloading. In the lower layer, by invoking Lyapunov optimization, we devise an algorithm for partitioning and offloading the computation tasks of deep neural networks. This algorithm also specifies the flow control for admitting the application traffic into the network. In the upper layer, we use the flow control as a form of guidance in the action space in order to develop a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that selectively drops video frames with object detection performance in consideration. By the nature of design, this Lyapunov-guided RL guarantees the network stability. We show through simulations that our Lyapunov-guided RL drops video frames with reasonable object detection performance and reduced latency while keeping the network stable. We also implemented our algorithm on the remote-controlled (RC) car equipped with microprocessor and GPU, and demonstrate the applicability of our algorithm to real-time object detection tasks from the video stream generated as the RC car moves. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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On the Importance of Trust in Next-Generation Networked Cyber-Physical Systems

On the Importance of Trust in Next-Generation Networked Cybe...

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International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)

作者： Torkzaban, Nariman Gholami, Anousheh Baras, John S. Institute for Systems Research Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371000;9798350370997

With 5G and beyond promises to realize massive machine-type communications, a wide range of applications have driven interest in complex heterogeneous networked systems, including multi-agent optimization, large-scale distributed learning, 5G service provisioning, etc. This trend highlights the essence of seamless control, management, and security mechanisms to be in place for the next-generation networked cyber-physical systems (CPS). In this paper, we interpret trust as a relation among networked collaborating entities that can set forth a measure for evaluating the status of network components and secure the execution of the collaborative protocol. In this paper, we will first elaborate on the importance of trust as a metric and then present a mathematical framework for trust computation and aggregation within a network. We consider two use-case examples where trust can be incorporated into the next-generation networked CPS and improve the security of decision-making, i.e. i) federated learning (FL), and ii) network resource provisioning. Finally, we explain the challenges associated with aggregating the trust evidence and briefly explain our ideas to tackle them.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems trust model trusted federated learning trusted network service placement

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Embeddings Between State and Action Based Probabilistic Logics

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Formal Aspects of Computing 2025年第2期37卷 1-58页

作者： Das, Susmoy Sharma, Arpit Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Madhya Pradesh Bhopal India

This article defines embeddings between state-based and action-based probabilistic logics which can be used to support probabilistic model checking. First, we slightly modify the model embeddings proposed in the literature to allow invisible computation steps and the preservation of forward and backward bisimulation relations. Next, we propose the syntax and semantics of an action-based Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (APCTL) and an action-based PCTL∗(APCTL∗) interpreted over action-labeled discrete-time Markov chains (ADTMCs). We show that both these logics are strictly more expressive than the probabilistic variant of Hennessy-Milner logic (prHML). We define an embedding aldl which can be used to construct APCTL∗formulae from PCTL∗formulae and an embedding sldl from APCTL∗formulae to PCTL∗formulae. Similarly, we define the embeddings and from PCTL to APCTL and APCTL to PCTL, respectively. We also define the reward-based variant of APCTL (APRCTL) interpreted over action-based Markov Reward Models (AMRM), and accordingly modify the logical embeddings and which allows us to take into account the notion of rewards. Additionally, we also show that the idea of rewards can be used to reason about the bounded until operator in PCTL and APCTL. Finally, we prove that our logical embeddings combined with the model embeddings enable one to minimize, analyze, and verify probabilistic models in one domain using state-of-the-art tools and techniques developed for the other domain. In order to validate the efficacy of our theoretical framework, we apply it to two case studies using the probabilistic symbolic model checker (PRISM). © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Probabilistic Markov chain equivalence bisimulation logic embeddings rewards model checking

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Label-efficient Learning Methods for computer Vision Applications

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2024年第2期13卷 120-128页

作者： Ye-Bin, Moon Oh, Tae-Hyun Department of Electrical Engineering POSTECH Korea Republic of Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate School of AI POSTECH Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei Univ Korea Republic of

In this work, we review the challenges of data scarcity and label inefficiency in deep learning and survey efforts to overcome these challenges. Many label-efficient learning methods have been proposed, but there is still room to develop more effective methods. We introduce potential yet promising directions to achieve label-efficient learning in terms of data, learning methods, and efficient use of prior knowledge. We also present case studies involving the latest methods. © 2024 institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer vision

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