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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory automation (ETFA)

作者： A.C. Sanderson Center for Advanced Technology in Robotics and Automation and Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute RPI Troy NY USA Intellignet robotics Laboratory Institute for Information Science and Electronics University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

An object-oriented modular approach to the engineering of complex robotic systems emphasizes reliability, reusability, ease of development, and user and network interfaces. This modular approach integrates many architectural principles and computational techniques which support adaptive and learning capability at the local, modular level. The TETROBOT is a modular and reconfigurable robotic system which was developed to demonstrate the reliable performance in a wide variety of task domains through reconfiguration of the same fundamental hardware and software components. Such a modular approach emphasizes the synthesis and integration of engineering modules and takes advantage of object-oriented engineering principles to design for a family of tasks. This paper provides an overview of the TETROBOT modular system and describes three modular systems in other applications domains.

关键词： Robots Hardware Robustness Humans Indium phosphide Utility programs

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MOBILE ROBOT LOCALIZATION USING A SINGLE ROTATING SONAR AND 2 PASSIVE CYLINDRICAL BEACONS

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ROBOTICA 1995年第3期13卷 243-252页

作者： BEOM, HR CHO, HS Research & Development Laboratory Gold Star Industrial Systems CO. Ltd. Anyang (Korea). Center for Robotics and Automation Department of Precision Engineering and Mechatronics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology373–1 Kusong-dongTaejeon305–701 (Korea).

This paper proposes a new method of estimating the position and heading angle of a mobile robot moving on a flat surface. The proposed localization method utilizes two passive beacons and a single rotating ultrasonic sensor. The passive beacons consist of two cylinders with different diameters and reflect the ultrasonic pulses coming from the sonar sensor mounted on the mobile robot. The sonar sensor, again, mounted on a pan-tilt device then receives the reflected pulses while scanning over a wide area. The geometric parameter set of beacon is acquired from the sonar scan data obtained at a single mobile robot location using a new data processing algorithm. The presented algorithm is especially suitable for processing the sonar scan data obtained by ultrasonic sensor with wide beam spread. From this parameter set, the position and heading angle of the mobile robot is determined directly. The performance and validity of the proposed method are evaluated using two beacons and a single sonar sensor attached at the pan-tilt device mounted on a mobile robot, named LCAR, in our laboratory.

关键词： MOBILE ROBOT SONAR BEACON LOCALIZATION

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Task and behavior formulations for robotic rock excavation

Task and behavior formulations for robotic rock excavation

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control (ISIC)

作者： Xiaobo Shi Fei-Yue Wang P.J.A. Lever Advanced Mining Systems Laboratory Mining and Geologcal Engineering Department University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA Systems and Industrial Engineering Department Robotics and Automation Laboratory Canada

This paper presents a formulation of excavation tasks and behaviors using finite state machines (FSM). A robotic excavation goal is achieved through several excavation tasks, while a task is completed through sequences of excavation behaviors, which are carries out by an ordered application of primitive, machine executable excavation actions. Both tasks and behaviors are specified by finite state machines that define all feasible sequences of behaviors or actions. The behavior selection for state transitions in a task FSM is achieved through situation assessment and behavior arbitration. For a behavior FSM, a method of terminating a behavior execution based on the activation levels of its actions is proposed. Since it is almost impossible to infer the exact status of bucket/environment interaction from force/torque data, excavation actions are specified using fuzzy logic rules acquired from human experience and heuristics. Experimental results have indicated that the proposed formulation has lead to a more efficient execution of excavation tasks than the authors' previous formulation.

关键词： Humans robotics and automation Laboratories Control systems Service robots Automata Fuzzy logic Soil Industrial engineering Geology

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Synthesized passive feedback control of sensor-rich smart structures-experimental results

Synthesized passive feedback control of sensor-rich smart st...

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IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)

作者： P. Akella J.T. Wen Control Laboratory for Mechanical Structures Department of Electrical Computer and Systems EngineeringCenter for Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics & Manufacturing Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute RPI Troy NY USA

Passivity based controllers are used in structural control due to their inherent robustness properties. These controllers require sensor/actuator collocation. In this paper, we consider the design of a "squaring down" matrix which renders a system passive by using a linear combination of all collocated and non-collocated sensor/actuator pairs. The design uses experimental transfer functions and does not require the knowledge of the system model. The problem of finding the squaring down matrix is cast as a solution to a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) subject to some additional performance considerations. The design procedure of the squaring down matrix assumes that velocity information is available from the sensors which is not generally the case. We show that the squaring down matrix can be implemented without the use of such velocity information. We provide experimental results gathered from the single link flexible beam setup in the C/sub La/MS laboratory at RPI to show that implementation of passive loops without velocity measurements provides very good results.

关键词： Feedback control Linear matrix inequalities Intelligent sensors Control system synthesis Robust control Sensor systems Hydraulic actuators Transfer functions Laboratories Economic indicators

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Preisach modeling of piezoceramic and shape memory alloy hysteresis

Preisach modeling of piezoceramic and shape memory alloy hys...

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IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)

作者： D. Hughes J.T. Wen Control Laboratory for Mechanical Structures (CLaMS) Center for Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics & Manufacturing Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

Smart materials such as piezoceramics and shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit significant hysteresis and in order to estimate the effect on open and closed loop control a suitable model is needed. One promising candidate is the Preisach independent domain hysteresis model that is characterized by the congruent minor loop and wiping out properties. Comparable minor loop and decaying oscillation test data for a multi-sheet piezoceramic actuator (made of lead zirconate titanate) attached to a flexible beam are presented and are seen to be very consistent with the two Preisach model properties. The commanded parameter is the sheet transverse electric field while the measured parameter is an approximately colocated strain induced in the beam. Equivalent data for a Nitinol SMA wire muscle, attached to the same beam, are also presented. The input and output parameters are the SMA current and a beam strain respectfully. The minor loop and wiping out evidence is less strong than that of the piezoceramic case, but encouraging. In all experiments the quasi-steady state responses were generated in order to avoid exciting beam flexible modes which would complicate the analysis.

关键词： Piezoelectric materials Shape memory alloys Hysteresis Strain measurement Shape control Open loop systems Testing Actuators Titanium compounds Electric variables measurement

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Model development of MIMO nets: a H-EPN based approach

Model development of MIMO nets: a H-EPN based approach

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： S. Ramaswamy K.P. Valavanis S. Barber The Laboratory for Intelligent Processes and Systems The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA The Robotics and Automation Laboratory The Center for Advanced Computer Studies and the Apparel-CIM Center University of Southwestern Louisiana Lafayette LA USA

The construction and analysis of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) subnets is discussed. It is shown that hierarchical time-extended Petri nets (H-EPNs) allow the development of structured MIMO subnets through the use of bottom-up Petri net synthesis techniques. The paper analyzes Petri net extensions that allow a truly hybrid approach to Petri net based systems modeling, analysis and development. The case study emphasizes the advantage of the activator arc extension in studying issues such as static priority scheduling, dynamic failure recognition, and rescheduling in manufacturing systems. The SPNP package, suitably modified to handle the H-EPN extensions, is used to analyze the properties of the derived H-EPN model.

关键词： MIMO Petri nets Failure analysis Job shop scheduling Dynamic scheduling Modeling Timing Manufacturing Packaging Solids

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CONTROL OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR TORQUE FOR FORCE CONTROL APPLICATIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 1994年第4期41卷 461-466页

作者： GOLDENBERG, AA LANIADO, I KUZAN, P ZHOU, C Robotics and Automation Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems Limited Haifa Israel Robotics and Automation Laboratory University of Toronto Canada

The paper presents a method for controlling Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM)'s torque for force control applications. SRM's are used in AdeptOne robots, and we perform experiments with two robots, controlled in coordination, in grasping and manipulation of various objects. The object and robot parameters are not exactly known, and adaptive methods are used to control the overall system. These methods are model-based control techniques which require high bandwidth torque control. This requirement is typical for high precision mechanisms. SRM's characteristics are very nonlinear. In particular the torque ripple, friction, and the torque versus position and current relationships were analyzed in the context above-mentioned, and specifically, for force control applications. The proposed method is based on a new commutation algorithm and a measured torque versus position and current relationship, used to smoothen the SRM's torque ripple, hence generating a torque output nearly independent of position. Furthermore, the internal friction is estimated on-line, and compensated for. This renders a high accuracy torque tracking. The torque control method is based on feedback from the motor angular velocity, motor angle, armature current, and feedforward for friction compensation and cancellation of nonlinear effects. The method has been tested experimentally on Adept motors and the results were very encouraging. The method has been also used for adaptive control of two coordinated Adept robots.

关键词： Force control Torque control Reluctance motors Reluctance machines Robot kinematics Friction Adaptive control Robot control Programmable control Control systems

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On-line trajectory planning for autonomous robotic excavation based on force/torque sensor measurements

On-line trajectory planning for autonomous robotic excavatio...

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International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)

作者： Fei-Yue Wang P.J.A. Lever Robotics and Automation Laboratory Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA Advanced Mining Systems Laboratory Department of Mining and Geological Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA

This paper describes the authors' initial investigation into on-line trajectory planning for autonomous robotic excavation. A dynamic model for arm/environment interaction is proposed. Excavation trajectories are generated using a trapezoidal velocity profile under the maximum force/torque constraints. A scheme for real-time identification of dynamic arm/environment interaction parameters is implemented with a first-order algorithm of Saridis-Stein stochastic approximation. The result of a simulation study is presented to illustrate the proposed trajectory planning approach.< >

关键词： Force measurement Trajectory Robot sensing systems Force sensors Torque measurement robotics and automation Humans Automatic control Fuzzy logic Control systems

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A fuzzy-behavior-based approach for controlling mining excavator bucket/rock interactions

A fuzzy-behavior-based approach for controlling mining excav...

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Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)

作者： P.J.A. Lever Fei-Yue Wang Xiaobo Shi Deqian Chen Advanced Mining Systems Laboratory Mining and Geological Engineering Department University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA Robotics and Automation Laboratory Systems and Industrial Engineering Department University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA

Successful control of an autonomous mining excavator requires sensor feedback from the excavation tool to control unpredictable tool/rock interactions. Conventional control approaches cannot deal effectively with uncertainties in the dynamic and unstructured mining environment. This paper presents a new intelligent control approach that utilizes fuzzy behaviors with fuzzy strategies to control bucket motions for autonomous excavation tasks. In this approach, the control system uses feedback from a bucket mounted force/torque sensor to control excavation motions by sensing and reacting to interactions with rock particles during excavation. A behaviour coordination configuration is developed to improve the controllers effectiveness in reaching its overall excavation goals. It uses fuzzy logic rules to adjust control system output variables and performs goal-driven behaviour selection. This technique is a first step towards realistic control of complex machine/environment interactions in difficult and unpredictable environments, where traditional control approaches are either impossible or computationally excessive. The discussion here focuses on: (a) development of a new control architecture; (b) the individual components of the architecture; and (c) experiments with a simulated excavator using a PUMA 560 robotic arm.< >

关键词： Motion control Control systems Intelligent sensors Fuzzy control Force control Torque control Force feedback Computer architecture Uncertainty Intelligent control

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Robust control of a vibrating link robot manipulator 24

Robust control of a vibrating link robot manipulator

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24th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory and 3rd Annual Symposium on Communications, Signal Processing Expert Systems, and ASIC VLSI Design, SSST/CSA 1992

作者： Shukla, Deepak Dawson, D.M. Paul, F.W. Department of Mechanical Engineering Robotics and Machine Automation Laboratory Center for Advanced Manufacturing Clemson University ClemsonSC United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Robotics and Machine Automation Laboratory Center for Advanced Manufacturing Clemson University ClemsonSC United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818626658

This paper presents an approach for designing robust tracking controller for lumped mass model of a vibrating link (VL) robot manipulator. The control methodology is intuitively simple since it is based on concepts which are familiar to most control engineers. The approach is illustrated by developing a robust tracking controller that achieves global uniform ultimate boundedness (GUUB) stability of the link tracking error in spite of model uncertainty and the additional link dynamics. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： Robust control

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