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Omitted variable bias in single-pollutant epidemiological models for estimating long-term health effects of ambient fine particulate matter and ozone

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 494卷 138590页

作者： Xue, Tao Deng, Jianyu Ni, Xueqiu Kang, Ning Tong, Mingkun Li, Pengfei School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre Beijing100191 China Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Hangzhou311215 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Institute of Medical Technology Peking University Health Science Centre Beijing100191 China

Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and O3 is linked to various adverse health outcomes. However, many epidemiological studies on their health effects use single-pollutant models, leading to omitted variable bias (OVB). The percent bias, based on the classical OVB formula, depends on the PM2.5-O3 correlation and unobservable true effects. Data were sourced from two recent meta-analyses of the log-linear link between all-cause mortality and per-unit exposure to PM2.5 or O3. We then developed a new meta-regression method to correct biases, and its performance was verified through simulation. The OVB for PM2.5 or O3 can vary greatly from positive to negative across different spatial scales (like country, sub-national region, or city). By applying this method to 24 individual estimates, we found that a 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 was linked to a 7.4 % increase in all-cause mortality risk, while O3’s association with all-cause mortality was not significant, which implies that PM2.5 must be considered in epidemiological analyses to obtain reliable effect estimates for O3. Our findings offer novel methodologies for the systematic assessment of the health effects of multiple pollutants. This contribution holds significant potential in fortifying health intervention strategies and minimizing the health risks posed by air pollution to the public. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Air quality

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Introduction

Engineering Applications of Computational Methods

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Engineering Applications of Computational Methods 2023年 13卷 1-5页

作者： Wen, Chih-Yung Jiang, Yazhong Shi, Lisong Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering Faculty of Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics School of Science Wuhan University of Technology Hubei Wuhan China

With the rapid development of electronic computers, numerical computation has become an important paradigm of scientific discovery as well as a powerful tool for engineering research. Solving complex problems in a computational fashion is more than applying theories, equations, and formulas. Computational methods, also called algorithms or schemes, have strong influences on the outcomes of computations. © 2023, The Author(s).

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Electronic Correlations and Hund’s Rule Coupling in Trilayer Nickelate La4Ni3O10

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huo, Zihao Zhang, Peng Zhang, Zihan Duan, Defang Cui, Tian Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University Changchun130012 China MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Institute of High Pressure Physics School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China

Trilayer Ruddlesden–Popper phase La4Ni3O10 has been observed with Tc of ~ 30 K at high pressure in recent experiment, which further expanded the family of nickelate superconductors. In this study, we explored the effects of electronic correlations in La4Ni3O10 using density function theory plus dynamical mean–field theory at ambient and high pressures. Our derived spectral functions and Fermi surface of ambient pressure phase are nicely consistent with the experimental results by angle–resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which emphasized the importance of electronic correlations in La4Ni3O10. We also found the electronic correlations in pressured La4Ni3O10 are both orbital–dependent and layer–dependent due to the presence of Hund’s rule coupling. There is a competition between the Hund’s rule coupling and the crystal–field splitting, and therefore the Ni–O layers with weaker crystal-field splitting energy would have stronger electronic correlations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photoacoustic spectroscopy

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Electrically Switchable Longitudinal Nonlinear Conductivity in Magnetic Semiconductors

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第4期134卷 046801-046801页

作者： Hong Jian Zhao Yuhao Fu Yurong Yang Yanchao Wang Laurent Bellaiche Yanming Ma Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China International Center of Future Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Smart Functional Materials Center Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel

Writing data by electric field (as opposed to electric current) offers promises for energy efficient memory devices. While this data writing scheme is enabled by the magnetoelectric effect, the narrow spectrum of room-temperature magnetoelectrics hinders the design of practical magnetoelectric memories, and the exploration of other mechanisms toward low-power memories is greatly demanding. Here, we propose a mechanism that allows the electric-field writing of data beyond the framework of magnetoelectric effect. By symmetry analysis, we show that electric field can induce longitudinal nonlinear conductivity (LNC) in a wide spectrum of magnetic materials, including ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, magnetoelectrics, and nonmagnetoelectrics. The LNC is electrically switchable by reversing the electric field, where the switched LNC is detectable by transport measurements. Our first-principles simulations combined with transport calculations further predict YFeO3 and CuFeS2 (room-temperature antiferromagnets) to showcase electrically switchable LNC. Our Letter helps enrich the research avenues in nonlinear charge transport, and offers a pathway for designing energy efficient devices based on LNC.

关键词： Magnetoelectric effects

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Intrinsic and extrinsic anomalous transport properties of the Heusler ferromagnets Fe2CoAl and Fe2NiAl from first principles

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Physical Review B 2023年第22期107卷 224405-224405页

作者： Xiuxian Yang Wanxiang Feng Xiao-Ping Li Gui-Bin Liu Yuriy Mokrousov Yugui Yao Centre for Quantum Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE) School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China School of Physical Science and Technology Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China Institute of Physics Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55099 Mainz Germany Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA 52425 Jülich Germany

Recently, Heusler ferromagnets have been found to exhibit unconventional anomalous electric, thermal, and thermoelectric transport properties. In this study, we employed first-principles density functional theory calculations to systematically investigate both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), and anomalous thermal Hall effect (ATHE) in two Heusler ferromagnets: Fe2CoAl and Fe2NiAl. Our analysis reveals that the extrinsic mechanism originating from disorder dominates the AHE and ATHE in Fe2CoAl, primarily due to the steep band dispersions across the Fermi energy and corresponding high longitudinal electronic conductivity. Conversely, the intrinsic Berry phase mechanism, physically linked to nearly flat bands around the Fermi energy and gapped by spin-orbit interaction band crossings, governs the AHE and ATHE in Fe2NiAl. With respect to ANE, both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are competing in Fe2CoAl as well as in Fe2NiAl. Furthermore, Fe2CoAl and Fe2NiAl exhibit tunable and remarkably pronounced anomalous transport properties. For instance, the anomalous Nernst and anomalous thermal Hall conductivities in Fe2NiAl attain giant values of 8.29 A/Km and 1.19 W/Km, respectively, at room temperature. To provide a useful comparison, we also thoroughly investigated the anomalous transport properties of Co2MnGa. Our findings suggest that Heusler ferromagnets Fe2CoAl and Fe2NiAl are promising candidates for spintronics and spin caloritronics applications.

关键词： Anomalous Hall effect Magnetism Transport phenomena Alloys

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Influence of Assembly Parameters on Tensile Behavior of Hybrid CMC and Superalloy Bolted Joints by Progressive Damage Analysis

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Journal of Harbin Institute of technology(New Series) 2021年第3期28卷 53-60页

作者： Chao Lv Feng Li Shuyuan Zhao Qian Sun Mingrui Li Xinyang Sun China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics Beijing 100074China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute Aviation Industry Corporation of ChinaShenyang 110000China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

With the considerable applications of ceramic matrix composites(CMC) in aircraft engineering, the design of CMC bolted joint gains paramount attention because of its capacity to to improve load-bearing efficiency of aircraft key structure. In this work, a 3 D finite element model was established to predict tensile performance and failure modes of single-lap, single-bolt 2 D C/SiC composite, and superalloy joint, which considers the progressive damage behavior of 2 D woven C/SiC composites. On the basis of the developed progressive damage model, a parametric study was carried out to illustrate the effects of bolt preload and bolt-hole clearance on mechanical behaviors of the hybrid bolted joint. It was found that the increase in the value of bolt preload made the failure load grow first and then drop, and the optimum value of bolt preload 5.00 kN generated 56.47% rise in the initial failure load and 22.83% rise in the final failure load for the bolted joint in comparison with zero preload case. As the clearance increased from 0 to 2.00%, the initial and final failure loads respectively declined by 45.88% and 24.02% for 2.00% bolt-hole clearance relative to the neat-fit case. The loss in failure loads can be reduced to compressive stress concentration around the fastening hole-edge area, leading to the appearance of earlier damages by the introduction of increasing bolt hole clearance.

关键词： ceramic matrix composite progressive damage analysis tensile performance bolt preload bolt-hole clearance

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Simultaneous Generation of Quantum Frequency Combs across Distinct Modal Families in a Single Silicon Nitride Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ji, Bo Yang, Yongjun Wu, Tengfei Li, Nianqin He, Guangqiang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Science and Technology on Metrology and Calibration Laboratory Changcheng Institute of Metrology Measurement Aviation Industry Corporation of China Beijing100095 China State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China

Quantum frequency combs (QFCs) are versatile resources for multi-mode entanglement, such as cluster states, crucial for quantum communication and computation. On-chip whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) can generate these states at ultra-low threshold power. This work demonstrates the simultaneous generation of multiple QFCs using a single on-chip silicon nitride WGMR across distinct modal families. It presents a micro-ring resonator with a radius of 240 µm, capable of supporting four modal families within the 130 to 260 THz frequency range for consistency regulation. The results indicate that, by carefully designing the structure of silicon nitride WGMRs, it is possible to generate quantum entangled frequency combs across distinct modal families simultaneously using monochromatic pump light. It is achieved by modulating the pump mode profiles with a spatial light modulator (SLM) or an on-chip inverse-designed mode converter. This approach offers a simple and low-cost method to achieve higher-density entanglement integration on-chip. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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Bending-Induced Spatial Separation of Dopants in Single Crystalline Semiconductor Nanowires

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Zhao Liu, Xu Wang, Tong Wang, Jing Liu, Ying Department of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang050024 China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing100193 China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen518000 China National Key Laboratory for Materials Simulation and Design Beijing100083 China

The spatial separation of dopants is crucial in extending the lifetime of semiconductor nanowire p-n junctions, which is traditionally achieved through core-shell nanowire heterostructures at high cost. In this study, we employ atomistic quantum mechanical simulations combined with bond orbital theory to demonstrate that simple bending deformation leads to a remarkable doping preference in single crystalline semiconductor nanowires, making dopant atoms with larger (smaller) sizes than host atoms tend to reside on the tensile (compressive) side near the nanowire shell. We also show that this doping preference induces significant spatial separation of n-type and p-type dopants with different atomic sizes. As single crystalline semiconductor nanowires are easier to synthesize and cost-effective, our findings pave the way for designing long-lived semiconductor nanowire p-n junctions and doping modulation via inhomogeneous strain engineering. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanowires

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Modulation of the Octahedral Structure and Potential Superconductivity of La3Ni2O7 through Strain Engineering

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huo, Zihao Luo, Zhihui Zhang, Peng Yang, Aiqin Liu, Zhengtao Tao, Xiangru Zhang, Zihan Guo, Shumin Jiang, Qiwen Chen, Wenxuan Yao, Dao-Xin Duan, Defang Cui, Tian Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University Changchun130012 China MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Center for Neutron Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510275 China Institute of High Pressure Physics School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China

The recent transport measurement of La3Ni2O7 uncover a "right-triangle" shape of the superconducting dome in the pressure-temperature (P-T) phase diagram. Motivated by this, we perform theoretical first-principles studies of La3Ni2O7 with the pressure ranging from 0 to 100 GPa. Notably, we reveal a pressure dependence of the Ni-dz2 electron density at the Fermi energy (nzEF) that highly coincides with such shape. On this basis, we further explore the electronic structure under uniaxial stress. By tracking the stress response of nzEF , we propose that superconductivity can be achieved by applying only ~ 2 GPa of compression along the c axis. The idea is further exemplified from the perspectives of lattice distortion, band structure, Fermi surface and superconducting phase coherence. We also discuss the possible charge modulation under the stress and provide an insight to the relation between nzEF and the superconducting Tc in La3Ni2O7 system. Our study provides a helpful guide to the future experiment. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Band structure

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Influence of Solid Particles Deposition on the Initial Atmospheric Corrosion of 7b04 Aluminum Alloy

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Gao, Meng Sun, Zhihua Yan, Wei Tang, Zhihua Zhang, Yunan Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Corrosion and Protection for Aviation Material Beijing Aero Engine Corporation of China Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing100095 China National Center for Materials Service Safety University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

The influence of the deposition of three different particles (NaCl, C and SiO2) on the initial atmospheric corrosion of 7B04 aluminum alloy was investigated via laboratory exposure testing, environmental scanning electron microscope (E-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning Kelvin probe (SKP). The results showed that the deposition of NaCl had a significant acceleration effect on the initial corrosion of 7B04 aluminum alloy and resulted in the occurrence of localized corrosion on sample surface. Because of its capillary condensation effect, SiO2 could absorb the vapor in humid environment to form a local water-rich area around the particles which could promote the corrosion of 7B04 aluminum alloy. C had basically no effect on the corrosion of 7B04 aluminum alloy. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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