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Recent Widespread Deceleration of Global Surface Urban Heat Islands Unveiled by Satellites

Geophysical Research Letters 2025年第12期52卷

作者： Wenfeng Zhan Long Li T. C. Chakraborty Leiqiu Hu Dazhong Wang Weilin Liao Shasha Wang Huilin Du Fan Huang Chunli Wang Zihan Liu Manchun Li Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Technology International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing University Nanjing China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing China Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing University Nanjing China Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA Department of Atmospheric Science University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL USA Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-Simulation School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Nanjing China

Tracking the temporal dynamics of urban heat island (UHI) is critical for urban heat adaptation and mitigation strategies. However, whether UHI trends have shifted recently and their underlying drivers remain unknown. Here we investigate the variabilities in surface UHI trends and their associated determinants in 2,104 cities worldwide from 2000 to 2022. Our findings reveal that approximately half of the world's cities have experienced notable shifts in surface UHI trends, predominantly characterized by UHI deceleration. These shifts can be primarily attributed to alterations in vegetation trends during the day and to modifications in surface albedo and local warming trends at night. Our study challenges the conventional linear models commonly employed to estimate surface UHI trends, suggesting potential biases in such estimates. Our findings underscore the need for nuanced policies to curtail UHI growth by considering changes in urban underlying surfaces and background climate, particularly from a nonlinear perspective. Satellite records reveal that almost half of the world's cities experienced changes in urban heat island (UHI) trends, mainly slowdowns The UHI deceleration occurs at a more rapid speed in larger cities and old urban area as compared to smaller cities and newly urbanized area The changes in UHI trends are intricately regulated by nonlinear changes in urbanization processes and background climate changes Cities worldwide have witnessed a pervasive upward trend in surface urban heat island (UHI). However, it remains unclear whether this trend has changed. Here we reveal approximately half of the world's cities experiencing significant shifts in surface UHI trends, primarily characterized by deceleration. These shifts are mainly regulated by local changes in vegetation, albedo and air temperature. Our research underscores the limited understanding of temporal dynamics of surface UHI, offering the first indication of global prevalence of nonlinear trend

关键词： urban heat island land surface temperature interannual variation urban heat mitigation urban renewal

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Perturbative Quantum Monte Carlo Method for Nuclear Physics

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第24期128卷 242501-242501页

作者： Bing-Nan Lu Ning Li Serdar Elhatisari Yuan-Zhuo Ma Dean Lee Ulf-G. Meißner Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing 100193 China School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University Gaziantep 27010 Turkey Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University Michigan 48824 USA Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics Universität Bonn D-53115 Bonn Germany Institute for Advanced Simulation Institut für Kernphysik and Jülich Center for Hadron Physics Forschungszentrum Jülich D-52425 Jülich Germany Tbilisi State University 0186 Tbilisi Georgia

While first order perturbation theory is routinely used in quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations, higher-order terms present significant numerical challenges. We present a new approach for computing perturbative corrections in projection QMC calculations. We demonstrate the method by computing nuclear ground state energies up to second order for a realistic chiral interaction. We calculate the binding energies of several light nuclei up to O16 by expanding the Hamiltonian around the Wigner SU(4) limit and find good agreement with data. In contrast to the natural ordering of the perturbative series, we find remarkably large second-order energy corrections. This occurs because the perturbing interactions break the symmetries of the unperturbed Hamiltonian. Our method is free from the sign problem and can be applied to QMC calculations for many-body systems in nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, ultracold atoms, and quantum chemistry.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Role of left-hand cut contributions on pole extractions from lattice data: Case study for Tcc(3875)+

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Du, Meng-Lin Filin, Arseniy Baru, Vadim Dong, Xiang-Kun Epelbaum, Evgeny Guo, Feng-Kun Hanhart, Christoph Nefediev, Alexey Nieves, Juan Wang, Qian School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Institut für Theoretische Physik II Ruhr-Universität Bochum BochumD-44780 Germany CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang University Beijing100191 China Institute for Advanced Simulation Institut für Kernphysik Jülich Center for Hadron Physics Forschungszentrum Jülich JülichD-52425 Germany Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova 39 Ljubljana1000 Slovenia CeFEMA Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials Instituto Superior Técnico Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 Lisboa1049-001 Portugal Institutos de Investigación de Paterna Apartado 22085 Valencia46071 Spain Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China

We discuss recent lattice data for the Tcc(3875)+ state to stress, for the first time, a potentially strong impact of left-hand cuts from the one-pion exchange on the pole extraction for near-threshold exotic states. In particular, if the left-hand cut is located close to the two-particle threshold, which happens naturally in the DD∗ system for the pion mass exceeding its physical value, the effective-range expansion is valid only in a very limited energy range up to the cut and as such is of little use to reliably extract the poles. Then, an accurate extraction of the pole locations requires the one-pion exchange to be implemented explicitly into the scattering amplitudes. Our findings are general and potentially relevant for a wide class of hadronic near-threshold states. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Poles

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β-delayed two-proton decay of S27 at the proton-drip line

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Physical Review C 2021年第6期103卷 L061301-L061301页

作者： G. Z. Shi (石国柱) J. J. Liu (刘嘉健) Z. Y. Lin (林喆阳) H. F. Zhu (朱浩钒) X. X. Xu (徐新星) L. J. Sun (孙立杰) P. F. Liang (梁鹏飞) C. J. Lin (林承键) J. Lee (李晓菁) C. X. Yuan (袁岑溪) S. M. Wang (王思敏) Z. H. Li (李智焕) H. S. Xu (徐瑚珊) Z. G. Hu (胡正国) Y. Y. Yang (杨彦云) R. F. Chen (陈若富) J. S. Wang (王建松) D. X. Wang (王东玺) H. Y. Wu (吴鸿毅) K. Wang (王康) F. F. Duan (段芳芳) Y. H. Lam (蓝乙华) P. Ma (马朋) Z. H. Gao (高志浩) Q. Hu (胡强) Z. Bai (白真) J. B. Ma (马军兵) J. G. Wang (王建国) F. P. Zhong (钟福鹏) C. G. Wu (武晨光) D. W. Luo (罗迪雯) Y. Jiang (蒋颖) Y. Liu (刘洋) D. S. Hou (侯东升) R. Li (李忍) N. R. Ma (马南茹) W. H. Ma (马维虎) G. M. Yu (余功明) D. Patel S. Y. Jin (金树亚) Y. F. Wang (王煜峰) Y. C. Yu (余悦超) Q. W. Zhou (周清武) P. Wang (王鹏) L. Y. Hu (胡力元) X. Wang (王翔) H. L. Zang (臧宏亮) P. J. Li (李朋杰) Q. R. Gao (高祺锐) H. Jian (简豪) S. X. Zha (查思贤) F. C. Dai (戴凡超) R. Fan (范锐) Q. Q. Zhao (赵青青) L. Yang (杨磊) P. W. Wen (温培威) F. Yang (杨峰) H. M. Jia (贾会明) G. L. Zhang (张高龙) M. Pan (潘敏) X. Y. Wang (汪小雨) H. H. Sun (孙浩瀚) X. H. Zhou (周小红) Y. H. Zhang (张玉虎) M. Wang (王猛) M. L. Liu (柳敏良) H. J. Ong (王惠仁) W. Q. Yang (杨维青) CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Physics and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Nuclear Physics China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516003 China School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China College of Physics and Technology Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Zhuhai 519082 China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China College of Science Huzhou University Huzhou 313000 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China Department of Physics Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 India School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing 400044 China School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China RCNP Osaka University Osaka 567-0047 Japan Joint Department for Nuclear Physics Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics CAS Lanzhou 730000 China

The β-delayed two-proton (β2p) decay of S27 was studied using a state-of-the-art silicon array and Clover-type HPGe detectors. An energy peak at 6372(15) keV with a branching ratio of 2.4(5)% in the decay-energy spectrum was identified as a two-proton transition via the isobaric-analog state in P27 to the ground state of Al25 in the β decay of S27. Two-proton angular correlations were measured by the silicon array to study the mechanism of two-proton emission. Based on experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations, it was found that the main mechanism for the emission of β2p by S27 is of sequential nature.

关键词： Beta decay Lifetimes & widths Nuclear structure & decays Proton emission 20 ≤ A ≤ 38

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Investigation of tip-leakage-vortex breakdown and its role in rotating stall in a 1.5-stage low-speed axial-compressor 16

Investigation of tip-leakage-vortex breakdown and its role i...

引用

16th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, ISROMAC 2016

作者： He, Xiang Ma, Hongwei Wei, Wei National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Aero-Engines Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Aero-Engine School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China China Aviation Powerplant Research Institute Zhuzhou412002 China

A whole-annulus unsteady numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the mechanism of the rotating stall in a 1.5-stage low-speed axial-compressor. By comparing the experimental and numerical results, the numerical results are validated. The numerical simulation captures the most features of the rotating stall of the 1.5-stage compressor observed from the experimental results. The unsteady bubble-like breakdown appears in the tip leakage vortex at the near stall condition. With the compressor throttling, the modal wave appears, increases in intensity and induces the part of the breakdown-vortex flow spilled over the adjacent blade leading-edge unsteadily, which form a spike. Consequently, the spikes emerge around the compressor annulus at the same time and the intensity and size of the spikes is increased rapidly during the inception period. At last, the spikes are merged into a large stall cell, which propagates around the annulus with 30% rotor speed. © Open Archives of the 16th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, ISROMAC 2016. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vortex flow

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Method for constructing multi-dimensional feature map of malicious code

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第4期1748卷

作者： Haocong Ma Ji Zhang Junhua Zhou Xiang Zhai Junjie Xue Hang Ji State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Beijing 100854 China Beijing Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center Beijing simulation Center Beijing 100854 China Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing 100854 China School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

Malicious code is characterized by a large number of types, rapid increase in number, continuous update of transmission routes, and continuous enhancement of back analysis and back detection methods. Therefore, how to effectively detect and analyze malicious code has been a problem of great concern. This paper studies the features of binary file and disassembly file of malicious code, introduces the concept of information gain, and proposes a method to construct the multi-dimensional characteristic graph of malicious code. Finally, the convolutional neural network is used to classify the multi-dimensional feature graph of malicious code, which provides a new idea for the feature extraction of malicious code.

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Effects of ultrasonic treatment on dithiothreitol(DTT) assay measurements for carbon materials

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2019年第10期31卷 51-58页

作者： Haotian Jiang Yun Xie Yanli Ge Hong He Yongchun Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center forEco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021China

The dithiothreitol(DTT)assay is the most commonly used method to quantify the oxidative potential of fine ***,the reported DTT decay rates of carbon black(CB)materials vary greatly among different *** might have resulted from either the intrinsic toxicity of CB or the unsuitability of the DTT assay protocol for CB *** the current study,the protocol of the DTT assay for CB materials has been carefully *** was found that the dispersion degree of CB particles in water has a great influence on the DTT decay rate of CB *** CB particles(special black 4A(SB4A)and Printex U)and single-walled carbon nanotube tube(SWCNT),the DTT decay rate after sonication for 10 min became 4.2,4.6 and 1.7 times higher than that without *** rate continued to grow as a function of ultrasound time up to 30 min of *** the concentration of soluble transition metals and surface oxygen-containing species such as carbonyls increased slightly with sonication,they had no significant effects on the measured DTT activity,while the increase in the dispersion degree of aggregates was found to play a vital role in the observed enhancement of the DTT decay rates for different CB *** on our results,30 min of sonication is recommended for sample dispersion when measuring the DTT decay rate of CB materials.

关键词： Sonication Dispersion Dithiothreitol(DTT) assay Carbon nanomaterials

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Hole-Mediated Lattice Oxygen Redox Design for Perovskite Oxide Catalysts

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年

作者： Dr. Xinbo Li Dr. Xiyang Wang Dr. Yaowen Wang Dr. Jingze Shao Prof. Yimin A. Wu Dr. Subhajit Jana Prof. Haozhe Liu Prof. Yue Peng Dr. Zhiyao Wu Dr. Zhen Li Dr. Yingge Cong Prof. Yawen Zhang Prof. Guangshe Li Prof. Liping Li State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology Materials Interface Foundry University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2 L 3G1 Canada Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China CAS Key Laboratory of Bio Medical Diagnostics Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215163 China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Present design and application of perovskite oxide catalysts assume lattice oxygen redox (LOR) mechanisms that depend on lattice oxygen activity without consideration of the entire redox cycle. Herein, using in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, we uncover a hole-mediated LOR cycle on p-type Sr-deficient SrFeO 3–δ (SFO-Srv) perovskites in CO oxidation reaction. Sr vacancies activate surface lattice oxygen of SFO-Srv and promote formation of highly covalent Fe (4–x)+ -O (2–x)– sites. In situ electrical conductivity measurement demonstrates that holes directly participate in the entire LOR cycle, and are reversibly consumed and regenerated in reducing/oxidizing atmosphere via Fe (4–x)+ -O (2–x)– sites of SFO-Srv. Hole-mediated LOR in SFO-Srv, as revealed by in situ soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, occurs through changing in covalency of Fe−O bonds, O 2p hole state, and electron density of Fe sites. 18 O 2 labeling experiment further confirms an improved Mars–van Krevelen pathway in the hole-mediated LOR cycle, which accounts for a ten-times enhancement of SFO-Srv for CO reaction rate over that of SFO alone.

关键词： p-type perovskite oxides Sr vacancy lattice oxygen redox reaction mechanism SrFeO3

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Quadrupole deformation of C16 studied by proton and deuteron inelastic scattering

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Physical Review C 2020年第2期101卷 024601-024601页

作者： Y. Jiang J. L. Lou Y. L. Ye Y. Liu Z. W. Tan W. Liu B. Yang L. C. Tao K. Ma Z. H. Li Q. T. Li X. F. Yang J. Y. Xu H. Z. Yu J. X. Han S. W. Bai S. W. Huang G. Li H. Y. Wu H. L. Zang J. Feng Z. Q. Chen Y. D. Chen Q. Yuan J. G. Li B. S. Hu F. R. Xu J. S. Wang Y. Y. Yang P. Ma Q. Hu Z. Bai Z. H. Gao F. F. Duan L. Y. Hu J. H. Tan S. Q. Sun Y. S. Song H. J. Ong D. T. Tran D. Y. Pang C. X. Yuan School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China Institute of Modern Physics China Academy of Science Lanzhou 730000 China Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University Osaka 567-0047 Japan School of Physics Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Zhuhai 519082 China

New measurements of proton/deuteron elastic and inelastic scattering to the 21+ state of the neutron-rich nucleus C16 have been performed at Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL) in inverse kinematics. The angular distributions of elastic scattering were well reproduced by the systematic optical potential with normalization factors for the depths of real and imaginary parts. The neutron and proton deformation lengths of δn=1.25±0.30 fm and δp=1.07±0.26 fm were extracted from the inelastic scattering data. The ratio of neutron and proton matrix element Mn/Mp=1.95±0.47 was determined from the two different probes. Within error bar, this result is in fair agreement with the previous measurements, demonstrating that the combination of proton and deuteron inelastic scattering offers a useful method to extract Mn/Mp for the even-even nuclei. Most of the theoretical predictions by the shell model using the MK, WBT, WBT*, and YSOX interactions in p−sd model space and by the ab initio in-medium similarity renormalization group are close to these experimental results.

关键词： Direct reactions Nuclear reactions Nuclear structure & decays 6 ≤ A ≤ 19 Shell model

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Bonding performance and mechanism of a heat-resistant composite precursor adhesive (Rt-1000^◦ c) for tc4 titanium alloy

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Journal of Micromechanics and Molecular Physics 2020年第4期5卷

作者： Wang, Mingchao Bu, Fanxing Zhou, Cunjun Zhou, Qingjun Wei, Tong Liu, Jiachen Zhai, Wenzheng College of Science Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin 300300 China College of Aeronautical Engineering Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin 300300 China School of Materials and Engineering Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China

To facilitate the repairing and connecting processes for the non-main bearing TC4 alloy, a high-temperature (up to 1000◦ C) resistant adhesive that is converted to the composite of intermetallics and ceramics is prepa... 详细信息

To facilitate the repairing and connecting processes for the non-main bearing TC4 alloy, a high-temperature (up to 1000^◦ C) resistant adhesive that is converted to the composite of intermetallics and ceramics is prepared. The composition evolution of the adhesive, the structure changes in the bonding layer, the reaction process at interfaces and the fracture mode of joints are comprehensively studied to explore its bonding mechanism. The results show that chemical bonding mechanism based on the formation of Ti₅ Si₃ plays a critical role at 600^◦ C, and acts as the crucial one at elevated temperatures. As the reaction interlayer (2–5 µm) is far thinner than the entire bonding layer (60–70 µm), mechanical properties of the adhesive dominate the bonding performance, which is tied up with the composition and structure evolution. The differ of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the adhesive and the substrate remains lower than 3 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ in range of 500–1000^◦ C. Specifically, the formation of composites from intermetallics and ceramics improves the mechanical properties and heat-resistant of the adhesive. The bonding strength reaches ∼40 MPa after pre-treatment at 1000^◦ C without pressure, and remains over 30 MPa within the normal operating temperature range of 500–700^◦ C. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Bonding mechanism Composition evolution Heat-resistant adhesive High-temperature bonding performance Interfacial reaction Thermal cycles

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