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Development of a Method to Determine the Environmental Burden of Diseases and an Application to Identify Factors Driving Changes in the Number of PM_(2.5)-Related Deaths in China between 2000 and 2010

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Environment & Health 2024年第9期2卷 642-650页

作者： Ning Kang Pengfei Li Tao Xue Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU)School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Institute of Medical Technology Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking UniversityHangzhou 311215China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The attributable burden is codetermined by the exposure level and nontarget ***,the conventional method of health impact assessment based on preestablished exposure−response functions includes only a few well-known characteristics and thus is insufficient to capture the comprehensive *** aimed to develop a method to fuse health impact assessment with epidemiological analysis and to identify factors driving baseline *** method was applied to identify the factors underlying the change in the number of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))related deaths in China between 2000 and *** the study period,the number of PM_(2.5)-related deaths across China's Mainland increased by 0.62(95%CI:0.57,0.69)million,with 0.65(95%CI:0.47,0.91)million,0.55(95%CI:0.39,0.79)million,and 0.11(95%CI:0.06,0.18)million deaths being associated with increased PM_(2.5)exposure,population aging,and growth in population size,***,economic growth,urbanization,improvement of welfare services,and improvement of hospital services resulted in 0.25(95%CI:0.15,0.40)million,0.16(95%CI:0.10,0.27)million,0.16(95%CI:0.09,0.26)million,and 0.09(95%CI:0.05,0.15)million fewer deaths,*** indicated that increased exposure was the major driver of the change in the number of PM_(2.5)-related deaths,and economic growth was the main driver of increased resilience to air pollution.

关键词： health burden decomposition analysis air pollution fine particulate matter premature deaths

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Effects of nanoceramic particle size and content on the wear resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings for 2A12 aluminum alloy

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Heliyon 2024年第19期10卷 e38719页

作者： Li, Wen Cheng, Ming Zhang, Xiaochen Wei, Guoke Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Surface Engineering AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Beijing 100024 China Science and Technology on Power Beam Processes Laboratory AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Beijing 100024 China

The 2A12 aluminum alloy, renowned for its exceptional mechanical properties, encounters significant limitations in applications involving abrasive environments or frequent contact with other surfaces due to its inadequate wear resistance. This shortcoming substantially reduces the service life of components and escalate maintenance costs, highlighting the urgent need for advanced surface modification techniques. This study meticulously investigates the influence of nanoceramic particle size and content on the wear resistance of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings, a surface modification technique renowned for forming dense, adherent ceramic layers on aluminum alloys. The systematic experimentation revealed that the incorporation of 150 nm α-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles into the MAO matrix achieves an optimal dispersion, leading to a substantial enhancement in wear resistance. The sample with a 5 g/L concentration of 150 nm α-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles doping in the MAO electrolyte demonstrated the lowest mass loss, underscoring its enhanced wear resistance. The enhanced microstructure, enriched with hard ceramic phases such as α-Al₂O₃ and mullite, plays a pivotal role in withstanding wear. Moreover, this study identified that an optimal balance of surface roughness and coating thickness is essential for achieving enhanced wear resistance. The findings of this research provide a strategy for the design of wear-resistant coatings tailored for high-performance applications across aerospace, automotive, and general engineering industries. By optimizing the particle size and concentration in MAO coatings, this study paves the way for the development of durable materials capable of thriving in demanding environments, thereby extending the service life and reducing maintenance requirements of components. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： 2A12 aluminum alloy Micro-arc oxidation Nanoceramic particles Surface engineering Wear resistance

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Interfacial Si-O Coordination for Inhibiting the Graphite Phase Enables Superior Sic/Nb Heterostructure Joining by Auni

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Peixin Yan, Yaotian Zhang, Zilong Wang, Yaoxuan Zhang, Jingkang Qiao, Liang Cao, Jian Qi, Junlei State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Quantum Simulation College of Science Changchun University Changchun130022 China

The reaction between SiC and Ni base brazing alloy is extremely intense, where the brittle Ni-Si compound and accompanied dissociate graphite phase as the interfacial reaction product in the joint damage the mechanical properties. In this study, the design of "graphite-controlled" heterogeneous integration component structure on SiC surface is developed to weaken the intense reaction of Ni and SiC. The high-quality surface Si-O coordination was successfully achieved by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method at relatively low temperature on SiC, which increases the Si bond strength due to that the higher binding energy of Si-O (451 KJ/mol) than that of Si-C (347 KJ/mol). SiO2 films enhance the mechanical properties of the joint through macro-weak side interface interlocking and micro-stress mismatch regulation. The shear strength of SiC/Nb heterostructure joints by AuNi alloy was increased by 44%, which paves an inspiring way for boosting heterogeneous integration of SiC ceramic components. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binary alloys

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Effect of two-dimensional nanomaterials with different addition amounts on organic fluorosilicone resin antifouling coatings

Effect of two-dimensional nanomaterials with different addit...

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第十二届全国腐蚀与防护大会

作者： Ming Cheng Wen Li Guoke Wei Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Surface Engineering AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Science and Technology on Power Beam Processes Laboratory AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University

Nowadays, biofouling, the process of continuous enrichment of large and small organisms in the ocean on man-made surfaces, is a worldwide problem. It has a ring-breaking effect on all sea-related weapons and equipment, increasing sea-related aircraft drag, reducing speed and affecting combat effectiveness. The solution to biofouling has always relied on the poisoning effect of heavy metal ions, which has also caused serious pollution of the marine environment. In recent years, with the in-depth research on nanomaterials, it provides a new solution for the prevention and removal of biofouling. Silicone and fluorine antifouling coatings are widely used as antifouling coatings. But they both have advantages and disadvantages, so making the silicone chain is the main chain, introducing a certain amount of-CF3 group in the side chain, and using the ultra-low surface energy property of this group tends to be oriented to the surface, while the whole macromolecule maintains the high elasticity property of linear polysiloxane, so that it has the characteristics of both silicone and fluorine antifouling coatings. In addition to the copolymerization of silicone and fluorine, studies have shown that the physical blending of inert low relative molecular mass organic fluorine compounds(perfluoropolyethers, fluorinated acrylate copolymers, etc.) in silicone could improve the antifouling properties of the coating. These materials have great potential in antifouling research field. The two-dimensional nanomaterials have a unique role in the antifouling performance enhancement of organic fluorosilicone coatings. In this study, through the covalent hybridization and functionalized modification of various two-dimensional nanomaterials(e.g., bismuth tungstate, bismuth chloride oxide, bismuth bromide oxide, bismuth iodide oxide, tungsten oxide), two-dimensional nanohybrid materials with a sheet-sheet nanostructure were built, which led to a significant improvement of the overall mechanic

关键词： organic fluorosilicone resin two-dimensional nanomaterials antifouling performance

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Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell using microwave amplitude modulation

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 65-74页

作者：郝建海贾凤东崔越王昱寒周飞刘修彬张剑谢锋白金海尤建琦王宇钟志萍 School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Science and Technology on Metrology and Calibration Laboratory Changcheng Institute of Metrology & MeasurementAviation Industry Corporation of ChinaBeijing 100095China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

We have theoretically and experimentally studied the dispersive signal of the Rydberg atomic electromagneticallyinduced transparency(EIT)Autler–Townes(AT)splitting spectra obtained using amplitude modulation of the microwave(MW)electric *** addition to the two zero-crossing points interval△f_(zeros),the dispersion signal has two positive maxima with an interval defined as the shoulder interval△f_(sho),which is theoretically expected to be used to measure a much weaker MW electric *** relationship of the MW field strength E_(MW)and△f_(sho)is experimentally studied at the MW frequencies of 31.6 GHz and 9.2 GHz *** results show that△f_(sho)can be used to characterize the much weaker E_(MW)than that of△f_(zeros)and the traditional EIT–AT splitting interval△f_(m);the minimum E_(MW)measured by△f_(sho)is about 30 times smaller than that by△f_(m).As an example,the minimum E_(MW)at 9.2 GHz that can be characterized by△f_(sho)is 0.056 mV/cm,which is the minimum value characterized by the frequency interval using a vapor cell without adding any auxiliary *** proposed method can improve the weak limit and sensitivity of E_(MW)measured by the spectral frequency interval,which is important in the direct measurement of weak E_(MW).

关键词： quantum sensor Rydberg atoms electromagnetically induced transparency amplitude modulation

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Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第4期34卷 241-252页

作者： Shijin LU Junjie ZHANG Zengqiang LI Jianguo ZHANG Xiaohui WANG Alexander HARTMAIER Jianfeng XU Yongda YAN Tao SUN Center for Precision Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Mechanical Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation Ruhr-University BochumBochum 44780Germany

Particle-tool interactions,which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining,strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting *** the present work,we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and *** consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures,the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25 vol%.A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 lm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 *** material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding *** results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles,as well as their correlations with machining force evolution,residual stress distribution and machined surface topography.A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface *** findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.

关键词： Cutting path Diamond cutting Finite element simulation Particle-tool interaction SiCp/Al composites

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Event-Triggered Group Attitude Coordinated Control of Multi-spacecraft System with Directed Topology

Event-Triggered Group Attitude Coordinated Control of Multi-...

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International Conference on Guidance, Navigation and Control, ICGNC 2020

作者： Zhou, Shaolei Wang, Shuailei Liu, Wei Wang, Donglai Gao, Xiangyang Naval Aviation University Yantai Shandong264001 China CAS Key Laboratory of human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen518055 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811581540

Event-triggered group attitude coordinated control of multi-spacecraft system with directed topology is studied. The event-triggered strategy ensures that the system communicate at discrete time instants, thus the communication burden is reduced. Based on assumptions on the topology, the Laplacian matrix of the multi-spacecraft system is a block upper triangular matrix, and the nonnegative eigenvalues of it are positive integers, which can simplify the analysis process. With variable substitution and the Laplacian matrix decomposition, the problem is turned into a second-order group consensus problem, and then turned into a stability problem of a linear system. By properly chosen parameters, the system matrix of the linear system is Hurwitz. With centralized event-triggered mechanism, the control input proposed can lead the system to group attitude coordination, and Zeno behavior is avoided. simulation results show that the variable substitution method utilized and controller designed in this paper are effective. © 2022, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Linear systems

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Lightweight and Covalent-Crosslinked Polybenzoxazine Aerogels for Fire Resistance and Thermal Insulation

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Liangjun Zhou, Jinlong Xiao, Yunyun Zeyu, Li Liu, Saihui Zhang, Sizhao Feng, Jian Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory College of Aerospace Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China International Institute for Innovation Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Jiangxi Nanchang330013 China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems Jiangxi Nanchang330013 China

The rapid advancement of modern industry and aerospace has imposed demands on thermal insulators to possess not only efficient isolation but also multifunctionality. Polybenzoxazine (PBz) aerogels with several advantages have garnered considerable research interests in recent years. Nevertheless, PBz aerogels acquired from ambient pressure drying still confront the challenge of exhibiting relatively high densities and thermal conductivities. Herein, to enrich the category and provide ideas for overcoming the above plight, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was chosen as an additive to achieve the chemical modification of the PBz aerogels. The chemical structure characterization shown that a successful reaction was occurred between the isocyanates and the hydroxyl groups, forming a urethane-bridged structure between two PBz molecular chains. In this paper, the effect of introducing HDI on the physical and thermal insulation properties of the aerogels was investigated. The HDI-modified PBz (PBz-HDI) aerogels demonstrated lower densities (0.237–0.256 g·cm−3) and thermal conductivities (0.0354−0.0370 W·m−1·K−1) in comparison with the pristine aerogel. In addition, despite an observed reduction in the residual char yields in the PBz-HDI groups, the introduction of HDI has been demonstrated to not impact their superior intrinsic flame retardancy. Given such commendable properties, PBz-HDI aerogel is expected to be a promising candidate for thermal insulation and fire resistance applications in various domains. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal insulation

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Investigation of negative-parity states in ^(16)C via deuteron inelastic scattering

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第5期46卷 70-76页

作者： Z.W.Tan J.L.Lou Y.L.Ye Y.Liu D.Y.Pang C.X.Yuan J.G.Li W.Liu Y.Jiang B.Yang L.C.Tao K.Ma Z.H.Li Q.T.Li X.F.Yang J.Y.Xu H.Z.Yu J.X.Han S.W.Bai S.W.Huang G.Li H.Y.Wu H.L.Zang J.Feng J.S.Wang Y.Y.Yang P.Ma Q.Hu Z.Bai Z.H.Gao F.F.Duan L.Y.Hu J.H.Tan S.Q.Sun Y.S.Song H.J.Ong D.T.Tran H.Y.Zhu B.L.Xia School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and PhysicsBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka universityOsaka 567-0047Japan Institute of Physics Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoi 10000Vietnam Institute of Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621907China

Two low-lying unbound states in ^(16)C are investigated by deuteron inelastic scattering in inverse *** the 2^(-) state at 5.45 MeV previously measured in a 1n knockout reaction,a new resonant state at 6.89 MeV is observed for the first *** inelastic scattering angular distributions of these two states are well reproduced by the distorted-wave Born approximation(DWBA)calculation with an l=1 *** addition,the spinparities of the unbound states are discussed and tentatively assigned based on shell model calculations using the modified YSOX interaction.

关键词： negative-parity states inelastic scattering ^(16)C

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Creating Ferroelectricity in Monoclinic (HfO2)1/(CeO2)1 Superlattices

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第25期132卷 256801-256801页

作者： Hong Jian Zhao Yuhao Fu Longju Yu Yanchao Wang Yurong Yang Laurent Bellaiche Yanming Ma Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education College of Physics Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics International Center of Future Science State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Smart Ferroic Materials Center Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering

Ferroelectricity in CMOS-compatible hafnia (HfO2) is crucial for the fabrication of high-integration nonvolatile memory devices. However, the capture of ferroelectricity in HfO2 requires the stabilization of thermodynamically metastable orthorhombic or rhombohedral phases, which entails the introduction of defects (e.g., dopants and vacancies) and pays the price of crystal imperfections, causing unpleasant wake-up and fatigue effects. Here, we report a theoretical strategy on the realization of robust ferroelectricity in HfO2-based ferroelectrics by designing a series of epitaxial (HfO2)1/(CeO2)1 superlattices. The designed ferroelectric superlattices are defects free, and most importantly, on the base of the thermodynamically stable monoclinic phase of HfO2. Consequently, this allows the creation of superior ferroelectric properties with an electric polarization >25 μC/cm2 and an ultralow polarization-switching energy barrier at ∼2.5 meV/atom. Our work may open an avenue toward the fabrication of high-performance HfO2-based ferroelectric devices.

关键词： Epitaxial strain Ferroelectricity Order parameters Oxides First-principles calculations

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