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Quantum approximate optimization algorithm for qudit systems

Physical review A 2023年第6期107卷 062410-062410页

作者： Yannick Deller Sebastian Schmitt Maciej Lewenstein Steve Lenk Marika Federer Fred Jendrzejewski Philipp Hauke Valentin Kasper Universität Heidelberg Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH Carl-Legien-Straße 30 63073 Offenbach Germany ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Carl Friedrich Gauss 3 08860 Barcelona Spain ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain Advanced System Technologies IOSB-AST Fraunhofer IOSB Am Vogelherd 90 98693 Ilmenau Germany INO-CNR BEC Center and Department of Physics University of Trento Via Sommarive 14 I-38123 Trento Italy

A frequent starting point of quantum computation platforms is the two-state quantum system, i.e., the qubit. However, in the context of integer optimization problems, relevant to scheduling optimization and operations research, it is often more resource-efficient to employ quantum systems with more than two basis states, so-called qudits. Here, we discuss the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for qudit systems. We illustrate how the QAOA can be used to formulate a variety of integer optimization problems such as graph coloring problems or electric vehicle charging optimization. in addition, we comment on the implementation of constraints and describe three methods to include these in a quantum circuit of a QAOA by penalty contributions to the cost Hamiltonian, conditional gates using ancilla qubits, and a dynamical decoupling strategy. Finally, as a showcase of qudit-based QAOA, we present numerical results for a charging optimization problem mapped onto a maximum-k-graph-coloring problem. Our work illustrates the flexibility of qudit systems to solve integer optimization problems.

关键词： Bose gases Long-range interactions Quantum algorithms Quantum optics Atomic gases Trapped ions

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Cytokine- and chemokine-induced inflammatory colorectal tumor microenvironment: Emerging avenue for targeted therapy

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Cancer Communications 2022年第8期42卷 689-715页

作者： Ajaz A.Bhat Sabah Nisar Mayank Singh Bazella Ashraf Tariq Masoodi Chandra P.Prasad Atul Sharma Selma Maacha Thasni Karedath Sheema Hashem Syed Besina Yasin Puneet Bagga ravinder reddy Michael P.Frennaux Shahab Uddin Punita Dhawan Mohammad Haris Muzafar A.Macha Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research DepartmentSidra MedicineDoha 26999Qatar Department of Medical Oncology Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS)New Delhi 110029India Department of Biotechnology School of Life SciencesCentral University of KashmirGanderbalJammu&Kashmir 191201India Division of Translational Medicine Research BranchSidra MedicineDoha 26999Qatar Genomics Core Facility QBRIQatar FoundationDoha 34110Qatar Department of Pathology Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagarJammu&Kashmir 190011India Department of Diagnostic Imaging St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Academic Health System Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Translational Research Institute Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198USA Laboratory Animal Research Center Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJammu&Kashmir 192122India

Colorectal cancer(CrC)is a predominant life-threatening cancer,with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of *** inflammation,a known CrC risk factor,nurtures a local inflammatory environment enriched with tumor cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,immunosuppressive cells,and secretory growth *** complex interactions of aberrantly expressed cytokines,chemokines,growth factors,and matrix-remodeling enzymes promote CrC pathogenesis and evoke systemic responses that affect disease *** evidence suggests that these cytokines and chemokines play a role in the progression of CrC through immunosuppression and modulation of the tumor microenvironment,which is partly achieved by the recruitment of immunosuppressive *** cells impart features such as cancer stem cell-like properties,drug resistance,invasion,and formation of the premetastatic niche in distant organs,promoting metastasis and aggressive CrC growth.A deeper understanding of the cytokineand chemokine-mediated signaling networks that link tumor progression and metastasis will provide insights into the mechanistic details of disease aggressiveness and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for ***,we summarized the current knowledge of cytokine-and chemokine-mediated crosstalk in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment,which drives immunosuppression,resistance to therapeutics,and metastasis during CrC *** also outlined the potential of this crosstalk as a novel therapeutic target for *** major cytokine/chemokine pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.

关键词： chemokine colorectal cancer cytokine drug resistance epithelial-mesenchymal transition immunosuppression immunotherapy inflammation metastasis tumor microenvironment

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Quantum approximate optimization algorithm for qudit systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Deller, Yannick Schmitt, Sebastian Lewenstein, Maciej Lenk, Steve Federer, Marika Jendrzejewski, Fred Hauke, Philipp Kasper, Valentin Universität Heidelberg Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 Heidelberg69120 Germany Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH Carl-Legien-Str. 30 Offenbach63073 Germany ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3 Barcelona08860 Spain ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona08010 Spain Fraunhofer IOSB branch Advanced System Technologies IOSB-AST Am Vogelherd 90 Ilmenau98693 Germany INO-CNR BEC Center Department of Physics University of Trento Via Sommarive 14 TrentoI-38123 Italy

A frequent starting point of quantum computation platforms are two-state quantum systems, i.e., qubits. However, in the context of integer optimization problems, relevant to scheduling optimization and operations research, it is often more resource-efficient to employ quantum systems with more than two basis states, so-called qudits. Here, we discuss the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for qudit systems. We illustrate how the QAOA can be used to formulate a variety of integer optimization problems such as graph coloring problems or electric vehicle (EV) charging optimization. in addition, we comment on the implementation of constraints and describe three methods to include these into a quantum circuit of a QAOA by penalty contributions to the cost Hamiltonian, conditional gates using ancilla qubits, and a dynamical decoupling strategy. Finally, as a showcase of qudit-based QAOA, we present numerical results for a charging optimization problem mapped onto a max-k-graph coloring problem. Our work illustrates the flexibility of qudit systems to solve integer optimization problems. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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The Extreme Space Weather Event of 1872 February: Sunspots, Magnetic Disturbance, and Auroral Displays

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hayakawa, Hisashi Cliver, Edward W. Clette, Frédéric Ebihara, Yusuke Toriumi, Shin Ermolli, ilaria Chatzistergos, Theodosios Hattori, Kentaro Knipp, Delores J. Blake, Séan P. Cauzzi, Gianna reardon, Kevin Bourdin, Philippe-A Just, Dorothea Vokhmyanin, Mikhail Matsumoto, Keitaro Miyoshi, Yoshizumi ribeiro, José r. Correia, Ana P. Willis, David M. Wild, Matthew N. Silverman, Sam M. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research and Institute for Advanced Researches Nagoya University Nagoya4648601 Japan Science and Technology Facilities Council RAL Space Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus DidcotOX11 0QX United Kingdom National Solar Observatory BoulderCO80303 United States World Data Center SILSO Observatoire Royal de Belgique Brussels1180 Belgium Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto University Uji6100011 Japan Unit of Synergetic Studies for Space Kyoto University Kyoto6068306 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kanagawa Sagamihara2525210 Japan INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Monte Porzio CatoneI-00078 Italy Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research GöttingenD-37077 Germany Faculty of Societal Safety Sciences Kansai University Takatsuki5691116 Japan Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department 429 UCB University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Heliophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States Catholic University of America WashingtonDC United States University of Graz Institute of Physics Universitätsplatz 5 Graz8010 Austria Institut für Weltraumforschung Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Graz8042 Austria University of Oulu OuluFI-90014 Finland Escola Secundária Henrique Medina Esposende Av. Dr. Henrique Barros Lima Esposende4740-203 Portugal 18 Ingleside Road LexingtonMA02420 United States

We review observations of solar activity, geomagnetic variation, and auroral visibility for the extreme geomagnetic storm on 1872 February 4. The extreme storm (referred to here as the Chapman-Silverman storm) apparently originated from a complex active region of moderate area (≈ 500 μsh) that was favorably situated near disk center (S19° E05°). There is circumstantial evidence for an eruption from this region at 9-10 UT on 1872 February 3, based on the location, complexity, and evolution of the region, and on reports of prominence activations, which yields a plausible transit time of ≈29 hr to Earth. Magnetograms show that the storm began with a sudden commencement at ≈14:27 UT and allow a minimum Dst estimate of £ −834 nT. Overhead aurorae were credibly reported at Jacobabad (British india) and Shanghai (China), both at 19°.9 in magnetic latitude (MLAT) and 24°.2 in invariant latitude (iLAT). Auroral visibility was reported from 13 locations with MLAT below |20|° for the 1872 storm (ranging from |10°.0|-|19°.9| MLAT) versus one each for the 1859 storm (|17°.3| MLAT) and the 1921 storm (|16.°2| MLAT). The auroral extension and conservative storm intensity indicate a magnetic storm of comparable strength to the extreme storms of 1859 September (25°.1 ± 0°.5 iLAT and −949 ± 31 nT) and 1921 May (27°.1 iLAT and −907 ± 132 nT), which places the 1872 storm among the three largest magnetic storms yet observed. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Geomagnetism

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A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet

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Nature 2023年第7958期616卷 686-690页

作者： ru-Sen Lu Keiichi Asada Thomas P Krichbaum Jongho Park Fumie Tazaki Hung-Yi Pu Masanori Nakamura Andrei Lobanov Kazuhiro Hada Kazunori Akiyama Jae-Young Kim ivan Marti-Vidal José L Gómez Tomohisa Kawashima Feng Yuan Eduardo ros Walter Alef Silke Britzen Michael Bremer Avery E Broderick Akihiro Doi Gabriele Giovannini Marcello Giroletti Paul T P Ho Mareki Honma David H Hughes Makoto inoue Wu Jiang Motoki Kino Shoko Koyama Michael Lindqvist Jun Liu Alan P Marscher Satoki Matsushita Hiroshi Nagai Helge rottmann Tuomas Savolainen Karl-Friedrich Schuster Zhi-Qiang Shen Pablo de Vicente r Craig Walker Hai Yang J Anton Zensus Juan Carlos Algaba Alexander Allardi Uwe Bach ryan Berthold Dan Bintley Do-Young Byun Carolina Casadio Shu-Hao Chang Chih-Cheng Chang Song-Chu Chang Chung-Chen Chen Ming-Tang Chen ryan Chilson Tim C Chuter John Conway Geoffrey B Crew Jessica T Dempsey Sven Dornbusch Aaron Faber Per Friberg Javier González García Miguel Gómez Garrido Chih-Chiang Han Kuo-Chang Han Yutaka Hasegawa ruben Herrero-illana Yau-De Huang Chih-Wei L Huang Violette impellizzeri Homin Jiang Hao Jinchi Taehyun Jung Juha Kallunki Petri Kirves Kimihiro Kimura Jun Yi Koay Patrick M Koch Carsten Kramer Alex Kraus Derek Kubo Cheng-Yu Kuo Chao-Te Li Lupin Chun-Che Lin Ching-Tang Liu Kuan-Yu Liu Wen-Ping Lo Li-Ming Lu Nicholas MacDonald Pierre Martin-Cocher Hugo Messias Zheng Meyer-Zhao Anthony Minter Dhanya G Nair Hiroaki Nishioka Timothy J Norton George Nystrom Hideo Ogawa Peter Oshiro Nimesh A Patel Ue-Li Pen Yurii Pidopryhora Nicolas Pradel Philippe A raffin ramprasad rao ignacio ruiz Salvador Sanchez Paul Shaw William Snow T K Sridharan ranjani Srinivasan Belén Tercero Pablo Torne Efthalia Traianou Jan Wagner Craig Walther Ta-Shun Wei Jun Yang Chen-Yu Yu Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai People's Republic of China. rslu@***. Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing People's Republic of China. rslu@***. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn Germany. rslu@***. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan ROC. asada@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn Germany. tkrichbaum@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan ROC. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea. Simulation Technology Development Department Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Oshu Japan. Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Oshu Japan. Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Center of Astronomy and Gravitation National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of General Science and Education National Institute of Technology Hachinohe College Hachinohe City Japan. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn Germany. Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Oshu Japan. kazuhiro.hada@nao.ac.jp. Department of Astronomical Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Mitaka Japan. kazuhiro.hada@nao.ac.jp. Black Hole Initiative Harvard University Cambridge MA USA. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory Westford MA USA. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Japan. Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea. Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València Valencia Spain. Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València Valencia Spain. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Granada Spain. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of S

The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of [Formula: see text] Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects, in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge-brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black-hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow.

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A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lu, ru-Sen Asada, Keiichi Krichbaum, Thomas P. Park, Jongho Tazaki, Fumie Pu, Hung-Yi Nakamura, Masanori Lobanov, Andrei Hada, Kazuhiro Akiyama, Kazunori Kim, Jae-Young Marti-Vidal, ivan Gómez, José L. Kawashima, Tomohisa Yuan, Feng ros, Eduardo Alef, Walter Britzen, Silke Bremer, Michael Broderick, Avery E. Doi, Akihiro Giovannini, Gabriele Giroletti, Marcello Ho, Paul T.P. Honma, Mareki Hughes, David H. inoue, Makoto Jiang, Wu Kino, Motoki Koyama, Shoko Lindqvist, Michael Liu, Jun Marscher, Alan P. Matsushita, Satoki Nagai, Hiroshi rottmann, Helge Savolainen, Tuomas Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shen, Zhi-Qiang de Vicente, Pablo Walker, r. Craig Yang, Hai Zensus, J. Anton Algaba, Juan Carlos Allardi, Alexander Bach, Uwe Berthold, ryan Bintley, Dan Byun, Do-Young Casadio, Carolina Chang, Shu-Hao Chang, Chih-Cheng Chang, Song-Chu Chen, Chung-Chen Chen, Ming-Tang Chilson, ryan Chuter, Tim C. Conway, John Crew, Geoffrey B. Dempsey, Jessica T. Dornbusch, Sven Faber, Aaron Friberg, Per García, Javier González Garrido, Miguel Gómez Han, Chih-Chiang Han, Kuo-Chang Hasegawa, Yutaka Herrero-illana, ruben Huang, Yau-De Huang, Chih-Wei L. impellizzeri, Violette Jiang, Homin Jinchi, Hao Jung, Taehyun Kallunki, Juha Kirves, Petri Kimura, Kimihiro Koay, Jun Yi Koch, Patrick M. Kramer, Carsten Kraus, Alex Kubo, Derek Kuo, Cheng-Yu Li, Chao-Te Lin, Lupin Chun-Che Liu, Ching-Tang Liu, Kuan-Yu Lo, Wen-Ping Lu, Li-Ming MacDonald, Nicholas Martin-Cocher, Pierre Messias, Hugo Meyer-Zhao, Zheng Minter, Anthony Nair, Dhanya G. Nishioka, Hiroaki Norton, Timothy J. Nystrom, George Ogawa, Hideo Oshiro, Peter Patel, Nimesh A. Pen, Ue-Li Pidopryhora, Yurii Pradel, Nicolas raffin, Philippe A. rao, ramprasad ruiz, ignacio Sanchez, Salvador Shaw, Paul Snow, William Sridharan, T.K. Srinivasan, ranjani Tercero, Belén Torne, Pablo Traianou, Efthalia Wagner, Jan Walther, Craig Wei, Ta-Shun Yang, Jun Yu, Chen-Yu Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn Germany Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daejeon Korea Republic of Simulation Technology Development Department Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Oshu Japan Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Oshu Japan Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Center of Astronomy and Gravitation National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Department of General Science and Education National Institute of Technology Hachinohe College Hachinohe City Japan Department of Astronomical Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Mitaka Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory WestfordMA United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Japan Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea Republic of Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València Valencia Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València Valencia Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Granada Spain Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique Saint Martin d’Hères France Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooON Canada Institute of Space and Astron

The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation1,2. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole3. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of 8. 4!1.1$0.5 Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge–brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black -hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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Discovery of dual "little red dots" indicates excess clustering on kilo-parsec scales

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tanaka, Takumi S. Silverman, John D. Shimasaku, Kazuhiro Arita, Junya Akins, Hollis B. inayoshi, Kohei Ding, Xuheng Onoue, Masafusa Liu, Zhaoxuan Casey, Caitlin M. Lambrides, Erini Kokorev, Vasily Jin, Shuowen Faisst, Andreas L. Drakos, Nicole Shen, Yue Li, Junyao Zhuang, Mingyang Fei, Qinyue ito, Kei ren, Wenke Matsui, Suin Ando, Makoto Hatano, Shun Fujii, Michiko S. Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. Koekemoer, Anton M. Liu, Daizhong McCracken, Henry Joy rhodes, Jason robertson, Brant E. Franco, Maximilien Andika, irham T. Cloonan, Aidan P. Fan, Xiaohui Gozaliasl, Ghassem Harish, Santosh Hayward, Christopher C. Huertas-Company, Marc Kakkad, Darshan Kinugawa, Tomoya roy, Namrata Shuntov, Marko Talia, Margherita Toft, Sune Vijayan, Aswin P. Zhang, Yiyang The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba277-8583 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan UTIAS The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba277-8583 Japan Center for Astrophysical Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Research Center for the Early Universe Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at Austin 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400 AustinTX78712 United States Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Denmark NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center Code 662 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen Groningen9700 AV Netherlands DTU Space Technical University of Denmark Elektrovej Building 328 Kgs. Lyngby2800 Denmark Caltech/IPAC 1200 E. California Blvd PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii Hilo 200 W Kawili St. HiloHI96720 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Astronomy School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Osawa 2-21-1 Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Laboratory for Multiwave

"Little red Dots" (LrDs) are an abundant high-redshift population newly discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). They are characterized by a red color in the rest-frame optical band, compact morphology, and broad Balmer emission lines (FWHM >∼ 1000 km s−1) that suggest an AGN nature. Using a method of pixel-by-pixel color selection and relaxing the compactness criteria, we identify three of the first dual LrD candidates in the COSMOS-Web survey with projected separations of 0.′′2-0.′′4 (1-2 pkpc at their photometric redshifts). A comparison between existing LrD samples and mock data reveals that the projected separations of these dual LrD candidates are unlikely to result from chance projections of objects at different redshifts. in one case (CW-B5-15958), the dual LrD includes two bright sources (mF444W = 24.3 and 24.8) with characteristic V-shape spectral energy distribution (SEDs) and photometric redshifts consistent with each other. We find that CW-B5-15958 has a faint off-centered component and a companion galaxy. in the other two dual systems, the brighter LrD exhibits a V-shape SED, while the fainter LrD (mF444W>∼ 26) is undetected in both F115W and F150W. These discoveries suggest that the angular auto-correlation function (ACF) of LrDs exhibits a significant excess (∼ 3 × 102 times) on sub-arcsec (kilo-parsec) separations compared to the extrapolation of a power-law ACF of JWST-found AGNs measured over 10′′-100′′. Follow-up spectroscopic confirmation of their redshifts and the construction of a larger sample are essential to advance our understanding of the evolution of supermassive black holes and the importance of mergers in the early universe. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Pixels

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The PLATO mission

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Experimental Astronomy 2025年第3期59卷 1-111页

作者： rauer, Heike Aerts, Conny Cabrera, Juan Deleuil, Magali Erikson, Anders Gizon, Laurent Goupil, Mariejo Heras, Ana Walloschek, Thomas Lorenzo-Alvarez, Jose Marliani, Filippo Martin-Garcia, César Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel O’rourke, Laurence Osborn, Hugh Pagano, isabella Piotto, Giampaolo Pollacco, Don ragazzoni, roberto ramsay, Gavin Udry, Stéphane Appourchaux, Thierry Benz, Willy Brandeker, Alexis Güdel, Manuel Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo Kabath, Petr Kjeldsen, Hans Min, Michiel Santos, Nuno Smith, Alexis Suarez, Juan-Carlos Werner, Stephanie C. Aboudan, Alessio Abreu, Manuel Acuña, Lorena Adams, Moritz Adibekyan, Vardan Affer, Laura Agneray, François Agnor, Craig Aguirre Børsen-Koch, Victor Ahmed, Saad Aigrain, Suzanne Al-Bahlawan, Ashraf Alcacera Gil, Ma de los Angeles Alei, Eleonora Alencar, Silvia Alexander, richard Alfonso-Garzón, Julia Alibert, Yann Allende Prieto, Carlos Almeida, Leonardo Alonso Sobrino, roi Altavilla, Giuseppe Althaus, Christian Alvarez Trujillo, Luis Alonso Amarsi, Anish Ammler-von Eiff, Matthias Amôres, Eduardo Andrade, Laerte Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros António, Carlos Aparicio del Moral, Beatriz Appolloni, Matteo Arena, Claudio Armstrong, David Aroca Aliaga, Jose Asplund, Martin Audenaert, Jeroen Auricchio, Natalia Avelino, Pedro Baeke, Ann Baillié, Kevin Balado, Ana Ballber Balagueró, Pau Balestra, Andrea Ball, Warrick Ballans, Herve Ballot, Jerome Barban, Caroline Barbary, Gaële Barbieri, Mauro Barceló Forteza, Sebastià Barker, Adrian Barklem, Paul Barnes, Sydney Barrado Navascues, David Barragan, Oscar Baruteau, Clément Basu, Sarbani Baudin, Frederic Baumeister, Philipp Bayliss, Daniel Bazot, Michael Beck, Paul G. Belkacem, Kevin Bellinger, Earl Benatti, Serena Benomar, Othman Bérard, Diane Bergemann, Maria Bergomi, Maria Bernardo, Pierre Biazzo, Katia Bignamini, Andrea Bigot, Lionel Billot, Nicolas Binet, Martin Biondi, David Biondi, Federico Birch, Aaron C. Bitsch, Bertram Bluhm Ceballos, Paz Victoria Bódi, Attila Bognár, Zsófia Boisse, isabelle Bolmont, Emeline Bonanno, Alfio Bonavita, Institut für Planetenforschung Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt DLR Rutherfordstrasse 2 Berlin 12489 Germany Fachbereich Geowissenschaften Institut für Geologische Freie Universität Berlin Malteserstr. 74-100 Berlin 12249 Germany Institute of Astronomy KU Leuven Leuven Belgium CNRS CNES LAM Aix Marseille University Marseille France Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany LESIA Paris Observatory PSL University Sorbonne University Paris Cité University CNRS Meudon France ESTEC European Space Agency Noordwijk Netherlands ESAC European Space Agency Madrid Spain Centro de Astrobiología CSIC-INTA Campus ESAC Madrid Spain Center for Space and Habitability University of Bern Bern Switzerland INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania Catania Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padua Padua Italy Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom Astronomical Observatory of Padova INAF - Italian National Institute for Astrophysics Padua Italy Armagh Observatory and Planetarium College Hill Armagh United Kingdom Geneve Observatory University of Geneve Geneve Switzerland IAS University of Paris-Saclay Orsay France AlbaNove University Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden Department of Astrophysics University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Astronomy University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ondřejov Czech Republic Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Institute for Space Research SRON Leiden Netherlands Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço CAUP Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Departamento de Física e Astronomia Faculdade da Ci ncias Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury Saint Mary United Kingdom Dept. Theoretical Physics and the Cosmos University of Granada Granada Spain Centre for Plan

PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA’s M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2rEarth) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5%, 10%, 10% for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. it will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar system planets in a broader context. in parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO‘s target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile towards the end of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Asteroseismology Exoplanets PLATO mission

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The Blood Compatibility Challenge

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SSrN 2019年

作者： Jaffer, iqbal H. Weitz, Jeffrey i. Brash, John L. Horbett, Thomas A. Latour, robert A. Tengvall, Pentti Gorbet, Maud Sperling, Claudia Maitz, Manfred F. Siedlecki, Christopher A. Werner, Carsten Sefton, Michael V. Maitz, Manfred F. Martins, M. Cristina L Grabow, Niels Matschegewski, Claudia Huang, Nan Chaikof, Elliot L. Barbosa, Mário A. Werner, Carsten Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute McMaster University 237 Barton Street East HamiltonONL8L 2X2 Canada McMaster University HamiltonON Canada University of Washington SeattleWA United States Clemson University ClemsonSC United States Gothenburg University Gothenburg Sweden Department of System Design Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Dresden Germany Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA17033 United States Department of Bioengineering The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA17033 United States University of Toronto Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Dresden Germany i3S Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude INEB Instituto de Engenharia Bionedica Rua Alfredo Allen 208 Porto4200-135 Portugal ICBAS Instituto de Ciencias Bioedicas Abel Salazar Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Institut für Biomedizinische Technik Universitätsmedizin Rostock Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4 Rostock18119 Germany Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu610031 China Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School 330 Brookline Avenue BostonMA02115 United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University 3 Blackfan Circle BostonMA02115 United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States

Despite >50 years of study, there are no materials that are considered truly nonthrombogenic. Some materials minimize protein adsorption or cell adhesion while others actively inhibit thrombin generation through heparinization. Nonetheless the problem of biomaterial associated thrombogenicity remains. While once an active area of research, the problem has not only not been solved, it has also been largely abandoned. it is considered too hard or efforts attack only one particular aspect of the problem or more broadly new ideas and approaches have not been brought to bear. This frustration has led to a series of review papers where we summarize the features of broad agreement and provide commentary on those aspects of the problem that were subject to dispute. These are (see also Figure 1): 1. Blood-contacting medical devices: The scope of the problem;2. Protein adsorption phenomena governing blood reactivity;3. Material associated activation of blood cascades and cells;4. Surface modification for hemocompatible materials: passive and active approaches to guide blood-material interactions. We were inspired by the structure of the >1500 year old book of Jewish laws, called the Talmud, in which commentaries are layered on commentaries to interpret and reinterpret a biblical law. it takes the form of a record of discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, philosophy, customs and history. Here we began with what we believed to be a generally accepted truth regarding thrombogenicity and then added our thoughts and commentaries regarding with respect to aspects that were not as scientifically firm as the opening "truth." We hope that future investigators will update these reviews as new scholarship resolves the uncertainties of today. © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cell adhesion

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-rabu, rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-raddadi, rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, injuries, and risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-Mr 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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