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npj Ocean Sustainability 2024年第1期3卷 1-8页

作者： Laura Kaikkonen Rebecca J. Shellock Samiya Ahmed Selim Renis Auma Ojwala Beatriz S. Dias Sarah Mahadeo Shenghui Li Charles I. Addey Ignacio Gianelli Katherine M. Maltby Sara Garcia-Morales Juliano Palacios-Abrantes Ayodele Oloko Shan Jiang Marta Albo-Puigserver Virginia A. García Alonso Chelsey A. Baker Colleen B. Bove Stephanie Brodie Lol Iana Dahlet Jewel Das Sebastian C. A. Ferse Aislinn Dunne Ellen Johannesen Julia Jung Eugenia Merayo Garcia Denis B. Karcher Lucia Millan Kasali Oladepo Lawal Kelly Ortega-Cisneros Stephanie Otoabasi-Akpan Durlave Roy Samina Sharmin Rouf Szymon Smoliński Natasa Vaidianu Chris Whidden Mia Strand Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Centre for Sustainable Development Reform Faculty of Law and Justice University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Center for Sustainable Development University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh World Maritime University-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute Malmö Sweden Cooperative Institute for Climate Ocean and Ecosystem Studies University of Washington Seattle WA USA Guangdong Academy of Coastal Economic Belt Development Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China Department of Oceanography University of Hawai’i at Manoa Honolulu HI USA EqualSea Lab-CRETUS. Department of Applied Economics Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies (SARAS) Maldonado Uruguay Gulf of Maine Research Institute Portland ME USA Marine Environmental and Sciences Centre (MARE-ARNET) University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Ecology and Biodiversity Institute (IEB) Santiago Chile Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai China Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC) Ecosystem Oceanography Group Palma Spain Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires AR Argentina National Oceanography Centre Marine Systems Modelling Southampton UK Ursinus College Biology Department Collegeville PA USA Environment Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Brisbane QLD Australia Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen Germany Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Bragança Aldeia Brazil Institute of Marine Sciences University of Chittagong Chattogram Bangladesh Faculty for Fisheries and Marine Scien

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Author Correction: Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitor with Stacked Copper Foils Coated with Graphene Nanoplatelets

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Scientific reports 2018年第1期8卷 10830页

作者： S L Chiam H N Lim S M Hafiz A Pandikumar N M Huang Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. janetlimhn@***. Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory Institute of Advanced Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. janetlimhn@***. Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory Institute of Advanced Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia. syedhafiz27@***. Electrochemical Materials Science and Functional Materials Division CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 India. New Energy Science & Engineering Programme University of Xiamen Malaysia Jalan SunSuria Bandar SunSuria 43900 Sepang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia. huangnayming@xmu.edu.my.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

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Designing Sub‐2 nm Organosilica Nanohybrids for Far‐Field Super‐Resolution Imaging

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Angewandte Chemie 2019年第2期132卷

作者： Liangliang Liang Wei Yan Xian Qin Xiao Peng Han Feng Yu Wang Ziyu Zhu Lingmei Liu Yu Han Qinghua Xu Junle Qu Xiaogang Liu Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637141 Singapore SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy enables ultrastructural imaging of biological samples with high spatiotemporal resolution. STED nanoprobes based on fluorescent organosilica nanohybrids featuring sub‐2 nm size and near‐unity quantum yield are presented. The spin–orbit coupling (SOC) of heavy‐atom‐rich organic fluorophores is mitigated through a silane‐molecule‐mediated condensation/dehalogenation process, resulting in bright fluorescent organosilica nanohybrids with multiple emitters in one hybrid nanodot. When harnessed as STED nanoprobes, these fluorescent nanohybrids show intense photoluminescence, high biocompatibility, and long‐term photostability. Taking advantage of the low‐power excitation (0.5 μW), prolonged singlet‐state lifetime, and negligible depletion‐induced re‐excitation, these STED nanohybrids present high depletion efficiency (>96 %), extremely low saturation intensity (0.54 mW, ca. 0.188 MW cm −2 ), and ultra‐high lateral resolution (ca. λ em /28).

关键词： Hochauflösende Bildgebung Nanohybride Organosiliciumdioxid Spin-Bahn-Kopplung STED-Mikroskopie

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Toward the integration of speciation research

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Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society 2024年第1期3卷

作者： Stankowski, Sean Cutter, Asher D Satokangas, Ina Lerch, Brian A Rolland, Jonathan Smadja, Carole M Segami Marzal, J Carolina Cooney, Christopher R Feulner, Philine G D Domingos, Fabricius Maia Chaves Bicalho North, Henry L Yamaguchi, Ryo Butlin, Roger K Wolf, Jochen B W Coughlan, Jenn Heidbreder, Patrick Hernández-Gutiérrez, Rebeca Barnard-Kubow, Karen B Peede, David Rancilhac, Loïs Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe Thompson, Ken A Stacy, Elizabeth A Moyle, Leonie C Garlovsky, Martin D Maulana, Arif Kantelinen, Annina Cacho, N Ivalú Schneemann, Hilde Domínguez, Marisol Dopman, Erik B Lohse, Konrad Rometsch, Sina J Comeault, Aaron A Merrill, Richard M Scordato, Elizabeth S C Singhal, Sonal Pärssinen, Varpu Lackey, Alycia C R Kumar, Sanghamitra Meier, Joana I Barton, Nicholas Fraïsse, Christelle Ravinet, Mark Kulmuni, Jonna Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) Klosterneuburg Austria Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Canada Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC United States Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE) Université de Toulouse CNRS IRD Toulouse INP Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3) Toulouse France Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier ISEM Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France Department of Biology Duke University Durham NC United States Ecology and Evolutionary Biology School of Biosciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Centre of Ecology Evolution and Biogeochemistry EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba PR Brazil Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Division of Evolutionary Biology LMU Munich Munich Germany Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT United States Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology University of California Riverside Riverside CA United States Department of Biology James Madison University Harrisonburg VA United States Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology Brown University Provi

Speciation research—the scientific field focused on understanding the origin and diversity of species—has a long and complex history. While relevant to one another, the specific goals and activities of speciation researchers are highly diverse, and scattered across a collection of different perspectives. Thus, our understanding of speciation will benefit from efforts to bridge scientific findings and the diverse people who do the work. In this paper, we outline two ways of integrating speciation research: (i) scientific integration, through the bringing together of ideas, data, and approaches; and (ii) social integration, by creating ways for a diversity of researchers to participate in the scientific process. We then discuss five challenges to integration: (i) the multidisciplinary nature of speciation research, (ii) the complex language of speciation; (iii) a bias toward certain study systems; (iv) the challenges of working across scales; and (v) inconsistent measures and reporting standards. We provide practical steps that individuals and groups can take to help overcome these challenges, and argue that integration is a team effort in which we all have a role to play.

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Physical and Optical Characterization of Mn-doped ZnS Nanoparticles Prepared via Reverse Micelle Method Assisted by Compressed CO2

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019年第1期588卷

作者： Rahizana Mohd Ibrahim Masturah Markom Huda Abdullah Muneer M. Ba-abbad Kamal Firdausi Abd Razak Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia. Department of Petrochemical Engineering Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh 84600 Muar Johor Malaysia Centre for Sustainable Processing Technology (CESPRO) Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia. Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering (PAKET) Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia

This paper presents the study on the Mn-doped ZnS (ZnS:Mn) nanoparticles synthesized using reverse micelle method assisted by compressed CO2 at 60 bar and 40°C. Effects of retention time (30-120 min) on the particle formation were studied. The optical properties, size, morphology, and structure of the resulting particles were investigated. The results showed that ZnS:Mn nanoparticles were successfully formed with particle size ranging from 2 to 3 nm, which showed quantum size effects. The highest photoluminescence (PL) intensity ratio was found at 60 min retention time. The increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity ratio indicated an increased homogeneity of nanoparticle growth with decreased surface defects.

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Long-run dynamics of the U.S. patent classification system

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Lafond, François Kim, Daniel Institute for New Economic Thinking Oxford Martin School University of Oxford Smith School for Enterprise and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford Martin School Programme on Technological and Economic Change University of Oxford Natural Science Research Institute Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Almost by definition, radical innovations create a need to revise existing classification systems. In this paper, we argue that classification system changes and patent reclassification are common and reveal interesting information about technological evolution. To support our argument, we present three sets of findings regarding classification volatility in the U.S. patent classification system. First, we study the evolution of the number of distinct classes. Reconstructed time series based on the current classification scheme are very different from historical data. This suggests that using the current classification to analyze the past produces a distorted view of the evolution of the system. Second, we study the relative sizes of classes. The size distribution is exponential so classes are of quite different sizes, but the largest classes are not necessarily the oldest. To explain this pattern with a simple stochastic growth model, we introduce the assumption that classes have a regular chance to be split. Third, we study reclassification. The share of patents that are in a different class now than they were at birth can be quite high. Reclassification mostly occurs across classes belonging to the same 1-digit NBER category, but not always. We also document that reclassified patents tend to be more cited than non-reclassified ones, even after controlling for grant year and class of origin. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis, 1990–2021, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2025年第5期13卷 425-446页

作者： Oh, Jiyeon Kim, Soeun Kim, Min Seo Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Abdulah, Deldar Morad Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abtahi, Dariush Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adeleke, Olumide Thomas Aden, Bashir Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adra, Saryia Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Syed Anees Al Awaidy, Salah Al Bakour, Mohamad Anas Alam, Khurshid Albashtawy, Mohammed Al-Eyadhy, Ayman Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jabi, Samah W. Alqahtani, Jaber S. AlQudah, Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Alshahrani, Najim Z. Altaany, Zaid Altaf, Awais Al-Tammemi, Alaa B. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alwafi, Hassan Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alzoubi, Karem H. Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Ansar, Adnan Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Aujayeb, Avinash Ayana, Lemessa Assefa A. Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Barrow, Amadou Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Batra, Kavita Behera, Priyamadhaba Behzadi, Payam Bell, Michelle L. Beneke, Alice A. Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Beyene, Kebede A. Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Bouaoud, Souad Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Nadeem Shafique Camargos, Paulo Cámera, Luis Alberto Carugno, Andrea Cenderadewi, Muthia Cerrai, Sonia Chakraborty, Sandip Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chandika, Rama Mohan Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad Cheng, Esther T. W. Chichagi, Fatemeh Chimoriya, Ritesh Ching, Patrick R. Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo Chong, Yuen Yu Chopra, Hitesh Chu, Dinh-Toi Corlateanu, Alexandru Cruz-Martins, Natalia da Silva, Alanna Gomes Dababo, Nour Dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Damiani Department of Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea Center for Digital Health Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA United States Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA United States Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo General Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St John's NL Canada Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Nursing Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Clinical Sciences Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan College of Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Al Ain United Arab Emirates College of Medicine and Health Sciences Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia School of Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Department of Family Medicine Bowen University Iwo Nigeria Bowen University Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso Nigeria United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates Institute of Public Health Walden University Al Ain United Arab Emirates Department of Public Health Padjadjaran University (Universitas Padjadjaran) Bandung Indonesia Clinical Sciences Department Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department

Background: Asthma and atopic dermatitis are common allergic conditions that contribute to substantial health loss, economic burden, and pain across individuals of all ages worldwide. Therefore, as a component of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we present updated estimates of the prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), incidence, and deaths due to asthma and atopic dermatitis and the burden attributable to modifiable risk factors, with forecasted prevalence up to 2050. Methods: Asthma and atopic dermatitis prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and mortality, with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), were estimated for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. A systematic review identified data from 389 sources for asthma and 316 for atopic dermatitis, which were further pooled using the Bayesian meta-regression tool. We also described the age-standardised DALY rates of asthma attributable to four modifiable risk factors: high BMI, occupational asthmagens, smoking, and nitrogen dioxide pollution. Furthermore, as a secondary analysis, prevalence was forecasted to 2050 using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), air pollution, and smoking as predictors for asthma and atopic dermatitis. To assess trends in the burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis before (2010–19) and during (2019–21) the COVID-19 pandemic, we compared their average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Findings: In 2021, there were an estimated 260 million (95% UI 227–298) individuals with asthma and 129 million (124–134) individuals with atopic dermatitis worldwide. Asthma cases declined from 287 million (250–331) in 1990 to 238 million (209–272) in 2005 but increased to 260 million in 2021. Atopic dermatitis cases consistently rose from 107 million (103–112) in 1990 to 129 million (124–134) in 2021. However, age-standardised prevalence rates decreased—by 40·0% (from 5568·3 per 100 000 to 3340·1 per 100 000) for asthma and 8·3% (from 1885·4

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Historic Emergence of Diversity in Painting: Heterogeneity in Chromatic Distance in Images and Characterization of Massive Painting Data Set

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Lee, Byunghwee Kim, Daniel Sun, Seunghye Jeong, Hawoong Park, Juyong Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Natural Science Research Institute Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Data Analytics Group Samsung SDS Seoul Korea Republic of Directorate of Culture and Arts Research Asia Institute Seoul Korea Republic of Cultural Cooperation Division Ministry of Foreign Affairs Seoul Korea Republic of Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea Republic of Graduate School of Culture Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of BK21 Plus Postgraduate Programme for Content Science Daejeon Korea Republic of Sainsbury Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom

Painting is an art form that has long functioned as a major channel for the creative expression and communication of humans, its evolution taking place under an interplay with the science, technology, and social environments of the times. Therefore, understanding the process based on comprehensive data could shed light on how humans acted and manifested creatively under changing conditions. Yet, there exist few systematic frameworks that characterize the process for painting, which would require robust statistical methods for defining painting characteristics and identifying human's creative developments, and data of high quality and sufficient quantity. Here we propose that the color contrast of a painting image signifying the heterogeneity in inter-pixel chromatic distance can be a useful representation of its style, integrating both the color and geometry. From the color contrasts of paintings from a large-scale, comprehensive archive of 179 853 high-quality images spanning several centuries we characterize the temporal evolutionary patterns of paintings, and present a deep study of an extraordinary expansion in creative diversity and individuality that came to define the modern era. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Painting

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Weibull probability model for tensile properties of kenaf technical fibers

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2030卷

作者： M. N. Zakaria A. Crosky A. Beehag 1Bio-Composite Technology Programme School of Industrial Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia 2School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia 3Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures Limited 506 Lorimer Street Fishermans Bend Victoria 3207 Australia

Tensile properties of kenaf technical fibers were investigated and has been statistically analysed by Weibull weakest-link model. The tensile strength of kenaf fiber has been verified to follow this two-parameter Weibull distribution. The Weibull modulus varied between 1.7 and 2 for fiber tensile strength, and 1.6 to 2.4 for fiber Young’s modulus, meanwhile the scale parameter varied between 204.7 MPa and 282.2 MPa for fiber tensile strength and for Young’s modulus between 14.8 GPa and 21.2 GPa. Lowest modulus was estimated with the high number of defects contained along the fibers. The present study presented that the Weibull distribution describes the experimentally measured strength data more appropriately.

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