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SSRN 2022年

作者： Shi, Bingding Ma, Baozhong Cao, Zhihe Shao, Shuang Liu, Yubo Li, Xiang Wang, Chengyan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Postdoctoral Programme Shandong Humon Smelting Co. Ltd. Yantai264109 China

With environmental protection and pollution control being given more attention by society, the purification and recycling of waste acid with fluoride produced in the smelting process are also a concern. This study proposes a technology of defluoridation from waste acid using lanthanum chloride, which can remove fluoride without reducing acidity and do not produce waste residue. The liquid after defluoridation is sulfuric acid which can recycle in industry. This technology mainly includes three stages: removal of fluoride, collection of lanthanum, and transformation of lanthanum fluoride. The defluoridation process of lanthanum and the alkali solution transformation process of precipitations were analyzed by E-pH diagram of the La-F-H2O system. Lanthanum chloride was selected to treat waste acid containing fluorine and the removal efficiency of fluorinion was 98.05%. The residual lanthanum in the filtrate was precipitated and collected with sodium sulfate, and the collection efficiency of lanthanum was 98.03%. Lanthanum fluoride was transformed to lanthanum hydroxide by sodium hydroxide, and the transformation efficiency was 93.44%. The reaction kinetics shows that the main control step of lanthanum fluoride transformed to lanthanum hydroxide is solid product layer diffusion control, and the average apparent activation energy is 37.99 kJ/mol at 25–100 ℃. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Association reactions

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Electrochemical Cracking for Releasing Hydrogen from Methanol

Artificial Photosynthesis

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Artificial Photosynthesis 2024年第1期1卷 4-13页

作者： Xinlong Lin Fanxu Meng Zhichuan J. Xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore；Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore；Center for Advanced Catalysis Science and Technology Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore

The application of hydrogen energy significantly reduces air pollutant emissions compared to conventional fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the transportation, storage, and delivery of hydrogen pose substantial challenges. To address these, exploring potential hydrogen carriers is crucial for facilitating the distribution of hydrogen energy and enabling convenient intercontinental energy trade. Methanol has emerged as an ideal hydrogen carrier due to its higher hydrogen density per molecule, ease of transportation, and miscibility with water compared to pure hydrogen. It can be cracked into hydrogen primarily through thermochemical and electrochemical processes, making it a valuable source for hydrogen production. This Perspective examines two distinct methods of methanol cracking with a particular focus on the development of catalysts and the underlying reaction mechanisms. It further underscores the superiority of electrochemical cracking in this context. Additionally, a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of the electrochemical methanol cracking process is presented, demonstrating its potential for economic viability. The comparison of handling and transportation costs among methanol, liquefied hydrogen, and ammonia highlights the significant expenses associated with liquefied hydrogen and ammonia, thereby emphasizing the relative advantages of methanol. The Perspective concludes with strategic recommendations and perspectives, offering a blueprint for advancing electrochemical methanol cracking as an efficient method for hydrogen production.

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Human hair-derived carbon for flexible, lightweight EMI shielding composites

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Diamond and Related Materials 2025年 157卷

作者： Swati Gangwar Kamal K. Kar M. Jaleel Akhtar Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory Materials Science Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India Materials Science Programme & Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 India

Lightweight, flexible, and absorption-dominant EMI shielding films are in high demand since next-generation electronic equipment requires flexible and compatible safeguards against electromagnetic interference. Herein, single-step synthesis of biomass waste human hairs derived carbon (HHC) composite (labelled as HHC/PVDF) is utilized for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. The structure and surface morphology of the HHC/PVDF films were investigated using XRD, TEM, and FESEM. Elemental composition and chemical states were analysed using XPS. Fabricated HHC/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite film of a very low thickness (0.8 mm) shows shielding effectiveness (SET max) ~25 dB in the X-band. Also, the effect of humidity was investigated by dipping the nanocomposite film in water for 145 h, and the SET values were compared, which resulted in a less significant change in the SET values in the range of 0.1–0.5 dB in the complete X-band. The hydrophobic nature of HHC/PVDF was confirmed by the contact angle value of 105° ± 3°, which was highly stable even after a long time of immersion in water. The mechanical stability and flexibility of HHC/PVDF nanocomposite film were analysed by its rolling, bending, twisting, knotting, and wrapping around the wooden stick. Hence, the integration of human hair biomass with polymer matrices yields lightweight, flexible, and mechanically robust materials suitable for wearable and flexible electronics. This bio-derived carbon aligns with circular economy principles, addressing waste valorization and environmental sustainability. Future work may focus on surface engineering and hybridization with nanomaterials to further boost EMI performance and multifunctionality.

关键词： Biomass waste Dielectric Electrical conductivity EMI shielding Flexible Human hair Hydrophobic

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Polyphthalonitrile-Based Novel Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes: Microstructure Characteristics and Gas Permeation Behavior

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Hu, Chun-Po Liang, Yen Nan Yang, Hong-Li Wei-Song, Hung Lim, Jacob Song Kiat He, Zeming Hu, Xiao Matthew Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Graduate College Nanyang Technological University 637141 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Nanyang Technological University 637141 Singapore R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan Christian University Chung-Li32023 Taiwan Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Temasek Laboratories Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes hold great promise for energy-efficient gas separation, contributing to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Exploring new types of microstructurally tunable polymeric precursors is critical for adjusting the microstructure characteristics and gas separation performance of CMS membranes. In this study, novel CMS membranes derived from a crosslinkable polyphthalonitrile (PPN) precursor with a thermally tunable microstructure arrangement are reported. We demonstrate that the aforementioned two key features of PPN can be utilized to adjust microstructure characteristics that determine the gas permeation behavior of the PPN-CMS membranes through a controlled thermal treatment protocol. The thermally induced enlargement of the average intermolecular distance of the PPN network and the ordered π-π stacking arrangement are beneficial to the formation of a narrow pore size distribution in the PPN-CMS membrane, particularly in the ultramicropore ( © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstructure

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Polyphthalonitrile as a novel precursor for carbon membranes: Tunable microstructure characteristics and gas permeation behavior

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Carbon 2024年 228卷

作者： Hu, Chun-Po Liang, Yen Nan Yang, Hong-Li Hung, Wei-Song Lim, Jacob Song Kiat He, Zeming Hu, Xiao Matthew Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Graduate College Nanyang Technological University 637141 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Nanyang Technological University 637141 Singapore R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan Christian University Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Temasek Laboratories Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes hold great promise for energy-efficient gas separation, contributing to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Exploring new types of microstructurally tunable polymeric precursors is critical for understanding the evolution of carbon microstructure arrangement and adjusting the gas permeation behavior of CMS membranes. As a precursor for CMS membranes, polyphthalonitrile (PPN) resin with both tunable intermolecular distance and π-π stacking arrangement is reported for the first time. We have demonstrated that the aforementioned two key features of the thermally crosslinked PPN network are beneficial to forming PPN-CMS membranes with enlarged intermolecular distance and small-sized, narrow-distributed ultramicropores ( © 2024

关键词： Pore size

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NEUROCHAOS FEATURE TRANSFORMATION and CLASSIFICATION for IMBALANCED LEARNING

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Sethi, Deeksha Nagaraj, Nithin Harikrishnan, N.B. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering BMS Institute of Technology and Management Karnataka Bengaluru560064 India Consciousness Studies Programme National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Campus Karnataka Bengaluru560012 India The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology Karnataka Bengaluru560064 India

Learning from limited and imbalanced data is a challenging problem in the Artificial Intelligence community. Real-time scenarios demand decision-making from rare events wherein the data are typically imbalanced. These situations commonly arise in medical applications, cybersecurity, catastrophic predictions etc. This motivates development of learning algorithms capable of learning from imbalanced data. Human brain effortlessly learns from imbalanced data. Inspired by the chaotic neuronal firing in the human brain, a novel learning algorithm namely Neurochaos Learning (NL) was recently proposed. NL is categorized in three blocks: Feature Transformation, Neurochaos Feature Extraction (CFX), and Classification. In this work, the efficacy of neurochaos feature transformation and extraction for classification in imbalanced learning is studied. We propose a unique combination of neurochaos based feature transformation and extraction with traditional ML algorithms. The explored datasets in this study revolve around medical diagnosis, banknote fraud detection, environmental applications and spoken-digit classification. In this study, experiments are performed in both high and low training sample regime. In the former, five out of nine datasets have shown a performance boost in terms of macro F1-score after using CFX features. The highest performance boost obtained is 25.97% for Statlog (Heart) dataset using CFX+Decision Tree. In the low training sample regime (from just one to nine training samples per class), the highest performance boost of 144.38% is obtained for Haberman's Survival dataset using CFX+Random Forest. NL offers enormous flexibility of combining CFX with any ML classifier to boost its performance, especially for learning tasks with limited and imbalanced data. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brain

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Exploring the Feasibility of Computer Vision for Detecting Post-Stroke Compensatory Movements

Exploring the Feasibility of Computer Vision for Detecting P...

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IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)

作者： Hao-Ping Lin Lina Zhao Daniel Woolley Xue Zhang Hsiao-ju Cheng Weidi Liang Christopher Kuah Tegan Plunkett Karen Chua Lixin Zhang Nicole Wenderoth Future Health Technologies Programme CREATE campus The Singapore-ETH Centre Singapore The Department of Rehabilitation Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning China Department of Health Sciences and Technology Neural Control of Movement Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Centre for Advanced Rehabilitation Therapeutics Tan Tock Seng Hospital Rehabilitation Centre Singapore

Compensatory movements are commonly observed post-stroke and can negatively affect long-term motor recovery. In this context, a system that monitors movement quality and provides feedback would be beneficial. In this study, we aimed to detect compensatory movements during seated reaching using a conventional tablet camera and an open-source markerless body pose tracking algorithm called MediaPipe [1]. We annotated compensatory movements of stroke patients per frame based on the comparison between the paretic and non-paretic arms. We trained a binary classification model using the XGBoost algorithm to detect compensatory movements, which showed an average accuracy of 0.92 (SD 0.07) in leave-one-trial-out cross-validation across four participants. Although we observed good model performance, we also encountered challenges such as missing landmarks and misalignment, when using MediaPipe Pose. This study highlights the feasibility of using near real-time compensatory movement detection with a simple camera system in stroke rehabilitation. More work is necessary to assess the generalizability of our approach across diverse groups of stroke survivors and fully implement near real-time compensatory movement detection on a mobile device.

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Development and characterization of a dual-fiber Raman probe for accurate and rapid endometrial carcinoma detection

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Biomedical Optics Express 2025年第7期16卷 2914-2922页

作者： Xun Chen Zhaoqin Yang Yi Wang Luping Zhang Limin Feng Jing Chen Shijie Zhu Rongxin Fu Shangran Xie Zhiwei Huang Shuhua Yue Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Innovation and Transformation of Advanced Medical Devices Ministry of Industry and Information Technology National Medical Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Advanced Medical Devices (Interdiscipline of Medicine and Engineering) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering School of Engineering Medicine Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China Su Zhou Surgi-Master High Tech Co. Ltd. Suzhou 215626 China School of Medical Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute Engineering Research Center of Integrated Acousto-opto-electronic Microsystems (Ministry of Education of China) Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Optical Bioimaging Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP) National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore

We report on the development and characterization of a dual-fiber optic Raman probe for enhancing real-time endometrial carcinoma biopsy. The fiber optic probe was designed with two miniaturized coating fibers with an outer diameter (OD) of 3.1 mm. We demonstrate that with the use of the Raman probe associated with the background subtraction algorithms, high-quality tissue Raman spectra covering the fingerprint (FP) (500−1800cm −1 ) can be acquired from different tissue types (e.g., muscle, fat, parathyroid gland, and thyroid gland). Using an anti-reflection coating filter and background subtraction algorithms, our probe has better signal-to-noise (SNR) than a conventional coating probe with a comparable OD. Meanwhile, our probe has less OD and 58% SNR compared with the handheld probe (OD = 10 mm). We developed a Raman fiber probe with a small outer diameter and high SNR (>90 in fat) simultaneously and used the small-size probe for accurate and rapid endometrial carcinoma detection. Specifically, a total of 220 fingerprint Raman spectra was obtained from 22 endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients (benign: 10, malignant: 12) and divided into two batches (110 spectra from 11 patients for each) from different patients for robustness test. The mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for differentiating benign and malignant EC reached 0.946, with a mean accuracy of 93.1% and a mean time expense of 5 seconds by the ResNet model. Furthermore, the specific Raman features corresponding to biomolecules (e.g., amide I II, lipid, and collagen) were found to contribute to the accurate classification.

关键词： Augmented reality Fiber tapers Multimode fibers Optical filters Raman spectroscopy Single mode fibers

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Flexible sodium-ion batteries using electrodes from Samanea saman tree leaf-derived carbon quantum dots decorated with SnO_(2) and NaVO_(3)

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Clean Energy 2021年第2期5卷 354-374页

作者： Baskar Thangaraj Surawut Chuangchote Nutthapon Wongyao Pravin Raj Solomon Kamonchanok Roongraung Wachira Chaiworn Werasak Surareungchai Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkhuntien-chaitalay RoadThakamBangkok-10150Thailand Department of Tool and Materials Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi126 Prachauthit RoadBangmodThungkruBangkok 10140Thailand Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi126 Prachauthit RoadBangmodBangkok 10140Thailand Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Research and Engineering Center Pilot Plant Development and Training InstituteKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok 10140Thailand School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA-Deemed UniversityThanjavur-613402Tamil NaduIndia Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory National Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNational Science and Technology Development AgencyPatumthani-12120Thailand School of Bioresources Technology and Nanoscience&Nanotechnology Graduate ProgrammeFaculty of ScienceKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkhuntien-chaitalay RoadThakamBangkok 10150Thailand

Carbonaceous materials with large interlayer spacing and disordered structure are considered suitable as electrodes in sodium-ion batteries so as to overcome the problem encountered in conventional *** this study,carbon quantum dots(CQDs)decorated with SnO_(2)and NaVO_(3)are used as electrodes in the fabrication of flexible Na-ion *** are prepared from dead leaves of the Samanea saman tree through alkaline-peroxide treatment and hydrothermal ***-prepared CQDs exhibit a quantum yield of 21.03%at an excitation wavelength of 360 *** separators such as indium-doped tin oxide/polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether(ITO/PTE),rice paper(RP),silicone with three big holes(SIL BH),silicone with many small holes(SIL SH)and cellulose paper(CP)have been tried in flexible Na-ion *** SH achieved higher specific capacitance(881 F g-1)than other separators due to the function of many small holes on the surface of the *** SIL SH separator delivered higher discharge capacities of 141 and 114 mC g-1 at 1.5 and 2.5 V than SIL *** RP separator delivered specific discharge capacities of 1087 and 347 mC g-1 in the 1st and 50th cycles,respectively,at 1 *** RP separator delivered a high initial specific discharge capacity of 698 mC g-1 at 2 V and maintained a good discharge capacity of 222 mC g-1 in the 50th *** compared to RP,SIL SH delivered high specific discharge capacity of 4246 in 1st cycle at 2 V but maintained a capacity of 71 mC g-1 in the 50th *** study reveals the scope of developing flexible Na-ion batteries with high capacity and cyclability using carbonaceous materials derived from the leaves of the *** tree.

关键词： biomass carbon quantum dots separators gel-polymer electrolyte flexible Na-ion battery

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Study of Small Polaronic, Variable Hopping Conduction and Its Exploration By Impedance Analysis in I- Substituted CaCu3Ti4O12 at O- Ion Site By Fine-Tuning The Electrical Properties, Grains and Grain Boundaries

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Yadav, Bhoomika Kumar, Rajesh Kar, Kamal K. Ghorai, Manas K. Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory Materials Science Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur208016 India Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Kanpur208026 India Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur208016 India Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur208016 India

In this study, dielectric and impedance related investigation are carried out in solid-state synthesized iodine doped CaCu3Ti4O12-xIx (x= 0, 0.005, 0.05 and 0.2) at anion site in the varying temperature (300-500 K) and frequency (20 Hz - 1 MHz). The detailed analysis of dielectric and scaled plot (Z″, M″) confirm the Maxwell-Wagner relaxations unlike Debye type. Broad relaxation peaks in spectroscopic plots and nearly straight lines in admittance (Y″ vs. Y′) and Ε″ vs. Ε′ reveals the occurrence of various relaxation processes with a narrow distribution of time constants. Mismatch in peak frequencies of Z″/ Z″max and M″/ M″max suggest that relaxation mechanism is dominated by short-range (localized) movement of charge carriers. The twinning values of Ea,τ,M″ (≈ 0.067 eV) and Ea,τ,Z" (≈0.081 eV) indicate the involvement of same type of charge carriers in conduction and relaxation processes. Correlating Jonscher’s power law and overlapping peaks in the combined plot of M″, Z″ vs. log f indicates high loss, due to DC conduction through localized hopping of small polarons via some defect states through Mott’s VRH mechanism, among the highly concentrated density of states, N (Ef), confined in the very low-temperature zone and nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH) of polarons due to Arrhenius in high-temperature zone both reserved in low-frequency region (≤1 kHz) only. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Dielectric properties

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