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Advocating mucosal immunization: A global need in a viewpoint from China

Innovation 2025年

作者： Boraschi, Diana Carsetti, Rita Chen, Ling Tagliabue, Aldo Tan, Anthony T. Wang, Bin Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Shenzhen518055 China Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry National Research Council Pozzuoli80078 Italy Anton Dohrn Zoological Station Napoli80122 Italy Immunology Research Area B Lymphocyte Research Unit Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS Roma00165 Italy State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou510530 China Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou510530 China Institute of Biomedical Technologies National Research Council Segrate20054 Italy Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore169857 Singapore School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai200032 China

Human mucosal immunization is expected to afford protection against infection and reduce transmission by generating anti-infective immunity at the mucosal entry site of viruses and bacteria. Nasal or oral administration has the advantage of being needle free and self-administered, thereby improving compliance and coverage of large populations. In China, the experience of COVID-19 has promoted substantial efforts in the development of nasal vaccinations in the general health protection strategy. The hurdles we are facing in the development of mucosal vaccines, however, come from the still limited knowledge of the mechanisms controlling mucosal immunity in different anatomical locations and in response to different pathogens/vaccines. Identifying and filling the knowledge gaps in order to develop effective and safe mucosal immunization strategies requires global collaboration, not only at the scientific level but, most importantly, by engaging public and private health organizations, governments, and regulatory authorities. We have highlighted here some of the crucial issues in mucosal immunization and provided suggestions for the way forward toward a global preparedness effort to prevent infectious diseases and ensure vaccine equity. © 2025 The Author(s)

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Cause-effect preservation and classification using neurochaos learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Harikrishnan, Nellippallil Balakrishnan Kathpalia, Aditi Nagaraj, Nithin The University Of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences And Technology Karnataka Bengaluru560 064 India Consciousness Studies Programme National Institute Of Advanced Studies Indian Institute Of Science Campus Karnataka Bengaluru560 012 India Department Of Complex Systems Institute Of Computer Science Of The Czech Academy Of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Discovering cause-effect from observational data is an important but challenging problem in science and engineering. In this work, a recently proposed brain inspired learning algorithm namely-Neurochaos Learning (NL) is used for the classification of cause-effect from simulated data. The data instances used are generated from coupled AR processes, coupled 1D chaotic skew tent maps, coupled 1D chaotic logistic maps and a real-world prey-predator system. The proposed method consistently outperforms a five layer Deep Neural Network architecture for coupling coefficient values ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. Further, we investigate the preservation of causality in the feature extracted space of NL using Granger Causality (GC) for coupled AR processes and and Compression-Complexity Causality (CCC) for coupled chaotic systems and real-world prey-predator dataset. This ability of NL to preserve causality under a chaotic transformation and successfully classify cause and effect time series (including a transfer learning scenario) is highly desirable in causal machine learning applications. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lyapunov methods

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Understanding hydrogen solubility and free volume characteristics in charge-transfer phthalonitrile prepolymer and polyimide blend membranes

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Journal of Membrane Science 2023年 687卷

作者： Hu, Chun-Po Lim, Jacob Song Kiat Ping, Kuo-Hsiang Hung, Wei-Song Liang, Yen Nan Hu, Xiao Matthew Environmental Chemistry & Materials Centre (ECMC) Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI) Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University 637141 Singapore Temasek Laboratories Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan 32023 Taiwan School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore

The increasing demand for hydrogen production has necessitated the development of H2-selective membranes. Polyimides are excellent membrane materials for gas separation;however, commercial polyimides generally lack su... 详细信息

The increasing demand for hydrogen production has necessitated the development of H₂-selective membranes. Polyimides are excellent membrane materials for gas separation;however, commercial polyimides generally lack sufficient H₂ selectivity due to their low H₂ affinity. Understanding the relationship between gas transport properties and free volume microstructure is critical to advancing H₂-selective membrane design. Herein, we report a facile material strategy to adjust the free volume characteristics and H₂ separation performance via blending Matrimid (PI) and crosslinkable resorcinol-based phthalonitrile prepolymer (RPN) with electron donor/acceptor properties. The novel RPN30/PI70 membrane exhibits H₂/N₂ and H₂/CO₂ permselectivity of 1637 and 66.4, respectively, with H₂ permeability of 2.7 Barrer in pure gas test, surpassing Robeson upper bounds (2008). The increased H₂ permselectivity of RPN/PI membranes was attributed to the narrowed free volume size and distribution, giving rise to the considerably improved H₂ solubility and selectivity of the blends. Moreover, the H₂ permeability of crosslinked RPN30/PI70 membranes can be further improved via thermal treatment. The H₂/CO₂ mixed-gas test reveals that the H₂ gas separation performance of the RPN30/PI70 membrane is influenced by plasticization effect and competitive sorption. This study demonstrates a new versatile strategy for designing high-performance hydrogen-selective polymeric membranes. © 2023

关键词： Crosslinkable electron-donor-acceptor prepolymer Hydrogen purification membrane Phthalonitrile resin Polyimide Polymer blend

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The superiority of using the ESR dating method in mollusc shells compared to 14C and 230Th/234U: A case study at the eastern part of Konya closed basin, central Türkıye

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Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2025年 237卷

作者： Ekici, Gamze Akpinar Sayin, Ulku Delikan, Arif Kapan, Sevinc Biyik, Recep Demir, Ahmet Isik, Mesut Karaaslan, Hulya Orhan, Hukmu Engin, Birol Ozmen, Ayhan KTO Karatay University Vocational School of Health Services Opticianry Programme Konya Turkey Selçuk University Faculty of Science Dept. of Physics Konya Turkey Selçuk University Advanced Technology Research and Application Center Konya Turkey Konya Teknik University Faculty of Engineering Dept. of Geology Engineering Konya Turkey Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Engineering Dept. of Geology Engineering Çanakkale Turkey Istanbul Technical University Energy Institute İstanbul Turkey İzmir University of Economics Faculty of Science Dept. of Physics İzmir Turkey Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Science Dept. of Physics İzmir Turkey

The Konya Closed Basin in central Anatolia preserves Quaternary lacustrine sediments, providing critical evidence for regional paleoclimatic reconstructions. Accurate dating of these is essential for understanding Quaternary climate evolution in the area. In this study, fossil mollusc shells systematically collected from the eastern part of the basin were dated for the first time using ESR spectroscopy. Prior to dating analyses, comprehensive geological investigations and paleontological classifications were conducted. ESR spectra recorded at room temperature on both natural and gamma-irradiated samples revealed freely rotated CO2− radical signals at g=2.0007. Kinetic studies confirmed the long-term stability of the CO2− radical, with high activation energies (∼1.3 eV) and thermal lifetimes exceeding ∼106 years, reconfirming its reliability as a dating signal throughout the Quaternary period. Most ESR ages were derived from the 2.0007 signal, while the signal of the orthorhombic CO2− radical at g=1.9973 was utilized for a few samples. Dose–response curves were best fitted to a single exponential saturation function and equivalent doses were calculated accordingly. ESR ages ranged from 138 to 6ka, showing stratigraphic consistency with the sedimentary record. Comparative dating using 14C AMS and 230Th/234U techniques demonstrated general agreement with ESR ages, although minor discrepancies were observed due to the open-system behavior of mollusc shells. Overall, the results support the chronological reconstruction of Holocene to Middle Pleistocene paleoenvironmental events in the Konya Closed Basin. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Atomic emission spectroscopy

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In situassessment of terrestrial gamma radiation dose and associated radiological hazards in Katsina State, Nigeria

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Isotopenpraxis Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 2023年第1期59卷 112-125页

作者： Nuraddeen Nasiru Garba Mukhtar Abdulkadir Rabiu Nasiru Muneer Aziz Saleh Suleiman Bello Mayeen Uddin Khandaker Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah Usman Musa Kankara a Department of Physics Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria a Department of Physics Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeriab Department of Physics Isa Kaita College of Education Katsina State Nigeria c Nuclear Engineering Programme School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johore Bahru Malaysiad National Atomic Energy Commission (NATEC) Sana’a Yemen e Department of Physics Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina Nigeria f Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Selangor Malaysia g Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA) University Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysiah Department of Physics Faculty of Science University Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia

ABSTRACTABSTRACTTerrestrial gamma radiation dose (TGRD) rates were measuredin situfrom different locations in Katsina State, Nigeria, using a portable radiation survey metre based on geological formations and soil types. The measured TGRD rates ranged from 45 to 271 nGyh–1with an average value of 116 ± 1 nGyh–1. Geological formation (silicified sheared rock) and soil type (lithosols and ferruginous crusts and ferruginous tropical soils) appeared to have the highest mean TGRD values of 163 and 134 nGyh–1with sandstone geological formation and alluvial and hydromorphic soils having the lowest TGRD with values of 80 and 61 nGyh–1, respectively. One way ANOVA results shows that the tested null hypothesis was rejected. Thus, indicating that there exists a strong relationship between the various geological formations, soil types with the measured TGRD values based on the alternate hypothesis. Human health hazard indices like annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), lifetime outdoor annual equivalent dose, and relative excess lifetime outdoor cancer risk associated with the mean TGRD of the study area were also calculated and found to be 0.711, 9.955 mSv, and 5.79 × 10–4, respectively. These values were higher than the world average values but favourable compared with the safety limits recommended by ICRP.

关键词： Cancer risk gamma radiation geological formation human health natural radioactivity Nigeria radionuclides soil types

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Characterization of go:I-131 for radioactive clinical waste water management in nuclear medicine 3rd

Characterization of go:I-131 for radioactive clinical waste ...

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3rd International Conference on advanced Materials Characterization Techniques, AMCT 2019

作者： Razab, M.K.A.A. Mansor, M.S. Noor, A.M. Latif, N.F.F.A. Rozi, S.M. Jaafar, K.N. Jamaludin, F. Medical Radiation Programme School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus Kubang KerianKelantan16150 Malaysia Oncology & Radiological Sciences Cluster Advanced Medical & Dental Institute Universiti Sains Malaysia Bertam Kepala BatasPulau Pinang13200 Malaysia Advanced Material Research Cluster Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli Kelantan Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035715828

Iodine-131 (I-131) mostly used in nuclear medicine for radioiodine ablation (RAI) therapy and hyperthyroid treatment. Patient was orally ingested I-131 and warded within 3 to 4 days for RAI therapy, whereas outpatient for hyperthyroid treatment. Radioactive waste from patient’s body such as urine and feces were eliminated from the ward into delay tank. Delay tank is an underground system to reduce radioactivity of contaminated I-131 clinical waste water at certain level before will be discharged into ordinary sewage system. Delay tank indirectly restricted the number of patient admission due to its periodical clearance and small volume size. Thus, a new technique to extract I-131 radionuclide with contaminated mixtures in solid form from the delay tank has been proposed as an alternative for clinical waste water management in nuclear medicine. Radioactive clinical waste water samples from delay tank were mixed with Graphene Oxide (GO) with varies in concentrations before filtered using micro pore filter paper. After 15 – 30 minutes, the radioactivity of the water residue left beneath the filter paper were counted using well counter. The measurements were repeated on fourth, eighth, twelfth and sixteenth days, which is significant to the natural decay of I-131 radionuclide. The water residue radioactivity decreases over the concentration of GO throughout the experiment. The mixtures of GO:I-131 (sediment formed on the filter paper) were analyzed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX) for morphology and elemental analysis. FESEM image revealed the maximum GO concentration produced high agglomeration morphology. EDX shows I-131 and other elements were attracted to GO layered sheets. The results showed that the GO had high sorption capacities in the removal of radionuclides, which was attributed to the large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface or edge sites. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Preliminary Study of the Potential Graphene Oxide as Radioactive Clinical Wastewater Adsorbability in Nuclear Medicine

Preliminary Study of the Potential Graphene Oxide as Radioac...

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International Conference on Science and technology 2020, ICoST 2020

作者： Abdul Razab, Mohammad Khairul Azhar Manso, Mohd Syahir Noor, An'amt Mohamed Rozi, Suhanis Mohd Abd Latif, Nur Fatin Fariha Nizam Jaafar, Khairul Jamaludin, Farakhdina Medical Radiation Programme School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus Kubang Kerian Kelantan16150 Malaysia Oncology and Radiological Sciences Cluster Advanced Medical and Dental Institute Universiti Sains Malaysia Bertam Kepala Batas Pulau Pinang13200 Malaysia Advanced Material Research Cluster Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli Kelantan Malaysia

This paper reports the ability of graphene oxide (GO) as a radionuclide adsorbent material for an alternative approach in nuclear medicine radioactive waste management. Notable physicochemical properties of GO mainly consist of oxygen-containing functional groups on its basal plane and edges site in the form of epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups, making it a promising candidate for radionuclide extraction material from aqueous solution. Herein, GO was synthesised via a simplified Hummers method. The radioactive clinical waste, which is urine, was collected right after the scanning procedure and mixed with GO in various concentrations: 1 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, and 3 mg/ml. The mixture was then filtered using micropore filter paper, leaving sediments on the filter paper and wastewater residues. The radioactivity of sediment and water residue was determined by using a well counter after 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours of filtration process. The activities of the sediment and water residues were found to be decreased with increasing GO concentrations. The FESEM image revealed high agglomeration structure when the sample was treated with GO of 3 mg/ml concentration. Further analysis via EDX showed the presence of other elements in the urine, which led to its attraction to the GO-layered sheets. This analysis also confirmed the presence of oxygen-functioning group in GO that facilitated the agglomeration process and solidified the radionuclide waste. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Graphene

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Learning generalized causal structure in time-series

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kathpalia, Aditi Charantimath, Keerti Panchakshari Nagaraj, Nithin Department of Complex Systems Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology West Bengal Kharagpur India Consciousness Studies Programme National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Campus Bengaluru India

The science of causality explains/determines 'cause-effect' relationship between the entities of a system by providing mathematical tools for the purpose. In spite of all the success and widespread applications of machine-learning (ML) algorithms, these algorithms are based on statistical learning alone. Currently, they are nowhere close to'human-like' intelligence as they fail to answer and learn based on the important "Why?" questions. Hence, researchers are attempting to integrate ML with the science of causality. Among the many causal learning issues encountered by ML, one is that these algorithms are dumb to the temporal order or structure in data. In this work we develop a machine learning pipeline based on a recently proposed 'neurochaos' feature learning technique (ChaosFEX feature extractor), that helps us to learn generalized causal-structure in given time-series data. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Time series

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Environment Sustainable Low Temperature Activation of Charcoal for Excellent Dye Adsorption Kinetics

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Twinkle, Twinkle Rawat, Vinay Kimothi, Sanjeev Dumka, Umesh Chandra Gupta, Rajeev Penke, Yaswanth K. Kar, Kamal K. Chamoli, Pankaj School of Basic & Applied Sciences Department of Physics Shri Guru Ram Rai University Uttarakhand Dehradun248001 India Department of Physics Graphic Era Deemed to be University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Nainital263001 India Department of Physics School of Engineering Studies University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Uttarakhand Dehradun248007 India Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory Materials Science Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur208016 India

Hazardous chemicals from wastewater (both inorganic and organic) that affect soil properties, water quality, and deplete the plant's micronutrients must be eliminated for a sustainable ecosystem in order to support a variety of industrial uses as well as a sustainable environment. The current work illustrates the solid-state reaction technique of activating Oak wood charcoal into activated carbon (AC) at low temperatures (300 and 500 oC) in the presence of cost-effective activator NaOH. Prepared ACs are tested for Methylene blue (MB) absorption experiments at various adsorption conditions (e.g., pH, contact time, temperature) and discussed efficiency,the kinetics, isotherms models and adsorption mechanism to determine the optimal adsorption conditions for the removalof MB *** results show that the prepared ACs (AC1, AC2 at 300 and 500 oC) efficiently absorb MB from wastewater and take removal efficiency of about ~100 and 83% in 1 hour, respectively. When the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinematic models are used to test the adsorption data, the results fit the pseudo-first-order model better. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms are employed to model the isotherm data. The maximum adsorption capacity for AC1 and AC2 was found to be 39.14 and 40.98 mg/g, respectively. The results clearly reveal that the Langmuir model captured the data better, demonstrating that monolayer adsorption dominated the absorption process. Additionally, prepared ACs are examined for reuse, and exhibit three cycles of recyclability. As a result, ACs made from oak wood charcoal are an easy and affordable way to get rid of MB dye. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

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Catalyst and Solvent-Free, Ultrasound Promoted Rapid Protocol for the One-Pot Synthesis of Benzothiazol-2-Yl(Piperazin-1-Yl)Methanones: Design, Synthesis, X-Ray Crystallography, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Qadir, Tanzeela Sharma, Praveen Kumar Jangid, Kailash Safir, Waqas Kanth, Saadat A. Ahmed, Khursheed Sheikh, Kounsar N. Shah, Wajaht A. Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara144411 India Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Punjab Bathinda India Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Sciences and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi830046 China Centre of Research for Development and P.G Programme in Microbiology School of Biological Sciences University of Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar India Advanced Scientific Research Laboratory Abeda Inamdar Senior College Azam Campus Pune411001 India Laboratory of Natural Product and Designing Organic Synthesis Department of Chemistry University of Kashmir Srinagar190006 India

Green synthesis is acknowledged as a crucial tool in mitigating the detrimental impacts linked to conventional methods of synthesizing organic compounds, which are commonly employed in both laboratory and industrial settings. In this study, a green chemistry approach was utilized for the synthesis of benzothiazol-2-yl(piperazin-1-yl)methanones scaffold, resulting in the synthesis of novel antimycobacterial chemotypes. A total of twelve benzothiazole-2-carboxamide compounds with distinct structural variations were successfully synthesized and subjected to in vitro testing against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain to evaluate their potential as anti-tubercular agents. All the synthesized compounds were analyzed by FTIR, NMR, and Mass spectral analysis. Structures of 5a, 5g, and 5l were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All synthesized compounds displayed potential anti-mycobacterial activity with MICs in the low range. The synthesized compounds were also subjected to evaluation of binding interactions with target protein, and molecular dynamics simulation. Most of the compounds have shown significant docking scores to interact with tuberculosis protein followed by other compounds with the related targets of DprE1, Polyketide synthase, and Protein kinase B. Thus, the substantial anti-TB of benzothiazole-2-carboxamides (5a-l) derivatives implies that;these scaffolds could help in assisting the development of lead compounds for the treatment of antitubercular infections. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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