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Integrated process of Tetrasphaera-dominated enhanced biological phosphorus removal and sulfur autotrophic denitrification in a single reactor to treat VFAs-free wastewater: Feasibility, performance and mechanism

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Journal of Water Process Engineering 2025年 74卷

作者： Liu, Hongjun Zeng, Wei Chen, Gangxin Meng, Qingan Zhang, Jiayu Bi, Zhaoyang Peng, Yongzhen National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology Engineering Research Center of Beijing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China Technology R&D Center of Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd Beijing 100124 China

This study investigated the toxicity response in Tetrasphaera-dominated enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPr(T)) under different thiosulfate stress conditions and developed a one-stage process combining EBPr(T) and thiosulfate-driven sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAdN) in a single reactor to achieve advanced nutrient removal from low COd/N and VFAs-free wastewater. Batch experiments demonstrated that 120 mg/L thiosulfate was barely toxic to the EBPr(T) system, while more than 200 mg/L thiosulfate disrupted the physiological activities related to cell membrane integrity, esterase activity, early apoptosis, membrane potential, and metabolism in functioning microorganisms, leading to the deterioration of the EBPr(T) system. The one-stage EBPr(T) - SAdN process was operated for 90 days under 120 mg/L thiosulfate, during which effluent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and PO₄^3–P were less than 4 mg/L and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. High transcriptional activity of clades 1 and 2 of Tetrasphaera ensured effective PO₄^3–P removal performance under 120 mg/L thiosulfate stimulation. As the dominant microorganisms, Tetrasphaera (14.35 %) and Thiobacillus (8.37 %) were assisted by conventional PAOs and heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms to achieve efficient nutrient removal. The results indicate that the one-stage EBPr(T) - SAdN process with 120 mg/L thiosulfate stress has significant potential for nutrient removal from low COd/N and VFAs-free wastewater. © 2025

关键词： Enhanced biological phosphorus removal Integrated process Sulfur autotrophic denitrification Tetrasphaera Thiosulfate

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257 W/cm2 power-density laser-driven white-light source for high-speed inspection in semiconductor packaging

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Optics and Lasers in Engineering 2025年 191卷

作者： Won, Seungjai Kim, Taewon Ji, Wonsoo Jung, Sejin Kim, Seung-Woo Kim, Young-Jin Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon Korea Republic of Solution R&D Center Envision Co. Ltd 98 Gasan digital 2-ro Seoul Geumcheon-gu Korea Republic of

The demand for high-power-density white-light sources has been increased for high-speed inspection of semiconductor and display products. However, focusing the conventional halogen lamps or light-emitting diodes (LEds) remains challenging due to the large emission area at the light sources, which is governed by the étendue limit. Here, we report a high-power-density light illumination of the laser-driven white-light with a small focal spot size of 25 μm. By using a laser diode (Ld) instead of an LEd, the strong optical power can be concentrated on to the phosphor in a small spot size near the diffraction limit, enabling the emission of low-étendue luminescence. The blue Ld pump (λ=445 nm) and broad yellow luminescence (λ=480–750 nm) were focused together on to the sample with a small spot diameter of 25 μm (full width at half maximum, FWHM), producing a record-high power-density of 257 W/cm2. The speckle constants of the blue Ld, yellow luminescent light, and combined white-light after passing through the diffuser plate were carefully evaluated to 0.28, 0.02, and 0.14, respectively. Furthermore, the power scalability was demonstrated by spatially combining the independently generated white-light sources, which did not show any noticeable coherent speckle increase. This tightly-focusable laser-driven white-light will find its strong potential in next-generation high-speed inspection of advanced semiconductor packaging. © 2025

关键词： Semiconductor lasers

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The Opportunity of Anti-ferroelectrics in FeFET for Emerging Non-Volatile Memory Applications

The Opportunity of Anti-ferroelectrics in FeFET for Emerging...

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Annual International Symposium on reliability Physics

作者： Hyojun Choi Giuk Kim Hunbeom Shin Yunseok Nam Sanghun Jeon Kwangsoo Kim Suhwan Lim Jongho Woo Wanki Kim daewon Ha Jinho Ahn Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd Suwon Korea Material Science and Engineering Hanyang University Seoul Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798331504779

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504786

We demonstrate a novel Ferroelectric FET (FeFET) configuration designed to expand memory window (MW) and enhance retention via two approaches: (i) the introduction of a charge trap layer (CTL) and (ii). the adoption of anti-ferroelectric (AFE) material. The retention loss in metal-interlayer (IL)-ferroelectric (FE)-IL-silicon (MIFIS) FeFET is ascribed to the negative feedback loop, involving the de-trap of interface trap charge from gate (Qit‘) and the loss of polarization (P) which mutually accelerates the further loss of the other. Our first approach, CTL on top of FE, provides additional trap sites with deep trap levels which introduces favorable charge (QN) with high stability, thus enhancing both MW and retention. Moreover, by utilizing the high spontaneous polarization (Ps) and low remanent polarization (Pr) nature of AFE, we further improved the retention characteristics by increasing the proportion of QN and decoupling the negative feedback loop. By proposing a new FeFET design with a high MW (~12.9 V), a low operation voltage (+17/-14 V), and enhanced data retention, we suggest that the hafnia-based FeFET can be a big step forward for 3d NANd technology.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Nonvolatile memory Voltage Logic gates Iron Negative feedback loops reliability FeFETs Thermal stability Physics

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Importance of dosing: Analysis of touch-free hand hygiene dispensers for consistency

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American Journal of Infection Control 2025年第6期53卷 696-700页

作者： Smith, Nicole M. Bánsághi, Száva Chen, Nanshan Neal, Travis B. McNulty, John J. Haidegger, Tamás P. Arbogast, James W. R&D Department GOJO Industries Akron OH United States University Research and Innovation Center (EKIK) Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Microsystems Faculty of Technology Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences University of South-Eastern Norway Porsgrunn Norway Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH United States JW Arbogast Advanced Science Consulting LLC Prinicpal Consultant Division Akron OH United States

Background: We investigated 5 touch-free automatic foam alcohol-based handrub (ABHr) hand hygiene dispensers common in US hospitals. Output dosing was evaluated for consistency to comply with the Leapfrog 2022 guidance requirement of ≥ 1.0 mL per ABHr dispense. Methods: Fifteen dispensers and 32 distinct refills were tested, with > 10,000 dispenses analyzed for 5 different dispensing systems. Automated testing used computer programming and mechatronics to activate the dispensers and capture output weights at predetermined delay patterns. Low, medium, and high usage patterns per day were set with dispense delay patterns. In another laboratory, dispensers were activated manually for measurements;50 doses were collected and weighed within an hour for each refill. results: Three of the dispenser systems had mean output > 1.0 mL, and 2 were < 1.0 mL. Two dispensers have significantly greater variability, which is driven by the foam pump design. Conclusions: It was discovered that usage/testing patterns impact dosing performance. The dispenser design and engineering cause significant differences in volume dispensed and consistency across dispenses. Using sufficient ABHr to cover hands completely and keeping hands wet long enough to significantly reduce pathogens is an important requirement. Facilities should assess ABHr dispenser outputs and consider consistent dosing as an essential performance criterion for effective hand hygiene policies and practices. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Alcohol-based handrubs dispenser quality

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Securing the digital Frontier: An Analysis of Cybersecurity Strategies and Obstacles

Securing the Digital Frontier: An Analysis of Cybersecurity ...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Computational, Communication and Information technology, ICCCIT 2025

作者： Saravanan, V. Indumathi, G.S. James, Sathish Kumar Pandi, V. Samuthira Shakila, J. Banumathi, S. Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Department of Nano Electronics Materials and Sensors Tamil Nadu Chennai India St Joseph's College of Engineering OMR Department of MBA Chennai India BNY Mellon Center PittsburghPA15219 United States Chennai Institute of Technology Centre for Advanced Wireless Integrated Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Jeppiaar Engineering College Rajiv Gandhi Salai Department of CSE Chennai India Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512965

In an era where digital connectivity is ubiquitous, the imperative to safeguard cyberspace has never been more pressing. This research delves into the multifaceted landscape of cybersecurity, examining the strategies employed by governments, businesses, and individuals to protect sensitive information and critical infrastructure from cyber threats. By leveraging a mixed-methods approach, which includes a review of existing literature, case studies, and expert interviews, the research provides a nuanced understanding of the cybersecurity ecosystem. Key findings reveal that while technological advancements have bolstered defense mechanisms, including sophisticated malware, advanced persistent threats (APTs), and insider threats, continues to outpace traditional security measures. Moreover, the study underscores the critical role of human factors, such as user error and inadequate training, as significant vulnerabilities. The research concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing cybersecurity posture, including the adoption of a proactive, adaptive defense strategy, increased investment in cybersecurity education and awareness, and the fostering of international cooperation to combat transnational cybercrime. The insights gleaned from this analysis are intended to inform policymakers, industry leaders, and cybersecurity professionals, equipping them with the knowledge to fortify the digital frontier against evolving threats. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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Chemical potential of the warm dense electron gas from ab initio path integral Monte Carlo simulations

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Physical review B 2025年第11期111卷 115149-115149页

作者： Tobias dornheim Michael Bonitz Zhandos A. Moldabekov Sebastian Schwalbe Panagiotis Tolias Jan Vorberger Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS) D-02826 Görlitz Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) D-01328 Dresden Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel D-24098 Kiel Germany Kiel Nano Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS Christian-Albrechts Universität Kiel D-24098 Kiel Germany Space and Plasma Physics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden

We present extensive new ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulation results for the chemical potential of the warm dense uniform electron gas (UEG), spanning a broad range of densities and temperatures. This is achieved by following two independent routes, (i) based on the direct estimation of the free energy [dornheim et al., Phys. rev. B 111, L041114 (2025)] and (ii) using a histogram estimator in PIMC simulations with a varying number of particles. We empirically confirm the expected inverse linear dependence of the exchange–correlation (XC) part of the chemical potential on the simulated number of electrons, which allows for a reliable extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit without the necessity for an additional finite-size correction. We find very good agreement (within Δμxc≲0.5%) with the previous parametrization of the XC-free energy by Groth et al. [Phys. rev. Lett. 119, 135001 (2017)], which constitutes an important cross validation of current state-of-the-art UEG equations of state. In addition to being interesting in its own right, our study constitutes the basis for the future PIMC based investigation of the chemical potential of real warm dense matter systems starting with hydrogen.

关键词： Equations of state of gases

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Shunt current-assisted one-step resistance element welding of vibration-damping aluminum to ultra-high-strength hot-press-formed steel

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Welding in the World 2025年 1-12页

作者： Gong, EunBeen Manladan, Sunusi Marwana Savyasachi, Nellikode Murugan, Siva Prasad Bae, Ki-Man Baek, Jong-Jin Ji, Changwook Park, Yeong-do Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Dong-Eui University Busan Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria R&D Center Iljitech Co. LTD Gyeongsan-Si Republic of Korea Ulsan Regional Division Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Ulsan Korea

To satisfy recent demands for reducing NVH (noise, vibration, harshness), vehicle weight, and improving collision safety, the development of reliable processes for dissimilar joining of lightweight vibration-damping aluminum to ultra-high strength steels is required. The resistance element welding (rEW) process to join the dissimilar material involves a two-step process of pre-drilling a hole in the aluminum to insert the element and then welding to join the element to steel. Consequently, this increases cycle time and makes it challenging to ensure joint quality due to potential robot teaching errors. To overcome these limitations, an innovative one-step rEW process was proposed to shorten the two-step rEW process into a single process. However, the thermoplastic resin layer at the interface of the vibration-damping aluminum limits current conduction, posing challenges for rEW. The current study introduces stainless-steel clips to bypass the thermoplastic resin layer between the vibration-damping aluminum, which limits the current conduction during the one-step rEW process. The adjacent rEW joint ensures further bypass of the current and acts as an initial weld point (shunt weld) for continuous one-step rEW. Optimization of the welding variables was carried out to achieve excellent joint performance in terms of joint formation. Subsequently, the quality evaluation of the joint was done based on the evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties. This process significantly enhances productivity with one-step rEW instead of the traditional two-step welding. It surpasses the difficulty of welding the vibration-damping aluminum to HPF (hot press forming) steel.

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Quantum Annealing Enhanced Markov-Chain Monte Carlo

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Arai, Shunta Kadowaki, Tadashi Institute of Science Tokyo Ookayama Tokyo152-8550 Japan Global R&D Center for Business by Quantum-AI Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki Japan DENSO CORPORATION 1-1-4 Haneda Airport Ota-ku Tokyo144-0041 Japan

In this study, we propose quantum annealing-enhanced Markov Chain Monte Carlo (QAEMCMC), where QA is integrated into the MCMC subroutine. QA efficiently explores low-energy configurations and overcomes local minima, enabling the generation of proposal states with a high acceptance probability. We benchmark QAEMCMC for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model and demonstrate its superior performance over the classical MCMC method. Our results reveal larger spectral gaps, faster convergence of energy observables, and reduced total variation distance between the empirical and target distributions. QAEMCMC accelerates MCMC and provides an efficient method for complex systems, paving the way for scalable quantum-assisted sampling strategies. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Markov chains

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Techno-Economic Impact of Incineration-Based Waste to Energy Generation technology in Bangladesh: A Short review and a Case Study

SSRN

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SSrN 2025年

作者： Hossain, Mohammad Masrur Shahriar, Tanvir Inan, Md. Navid Habib, M. Ahsan Hasanuzzaman, M. Hossain, Mohammad Mehran Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering Islamic University of Technology Board Bazar Gazipur1704 Bangladesh UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center University of Malaya Level 4 Wisma R&D Jalan Pantai Baru Kuala Lumpur59990 Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka1000 Bangladesh

This study evaluates the feasibility of a municipal solid waste incineration-based power generation system in dhaka, Bangladesh, addressing critical issues of waste management and energy deficits driven by rapid urbanization. A 10 MW waste-to-energy facility operating at 22.5% efficiency was analyzed using key economic metrics, including Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period, Internal rate of return (Irr), Modified Internal rate of return (MIrr), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and Levelized Cost of Waste (LCOW). The analysis reveals an NPV of $4.99 million, an Irr exceeding 10%, and a payback period of 11.06 years, indicating economic viability. Additionally, the plant is projected to reduce annual CO2 emissions by 0.045 million tons, contributing to environmental sustainability. The findings demonstrate that waste-to-energy technology offers a viable solution for mitigating urban waste challenges while enhancing energy security, providing a sustainable pathway for dhaka’s development and a model for similar urban context. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Municipal solid waste

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Prestige bias drives the viral spread of content reposted by influencers in online communities

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Scientific reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-15页

作者： Niitsuma, Takuro Yoshida, Mitsuo Tamori, Hideaki Nakawake, Yo Media R & D Center The Asahi Shimbun Company 5-3-2 Tsukiji Tokyo Chuo-ku Japan Institute of Business Sciences University of Tsukuba 3-29-1 Otsuka Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Japan Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1-1 Asahidai Ishikawa Nomi 923-1211 Japan

Cultural evolution theory suggests that prestige bias-whereby individuals preferentially learn from prestigious figures-has played a key role in human ecological success. However, its impact within online environments remains unclear, particularly with respect to whether reposts by prestigious individuals amplify diffusion more effectively than reposts by noninfluential users. We analyzed over 55 million posts and 520 million reposts on Twitter (currently X) to examine whether users with high influence scores (hg indices) more effectively amplified the reach of others’ content. Our findings indicate that posts shared by influencers are more likely to be further shared than those shared by non-influencers. This effect persisted over time, especially in viral posts. Moreover, a small group of highly influential users accounted for approximately half of the information flow within repost cascades. These findings demonstrate a prestige bias in information diffusion within the digital society, suggesting that cognitive biases shape content spread through reposting. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Cultural evolution Influencer Information diffusion Prestige bias Social network

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