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Coastal Upwelling Enhances Winter Arctic Ocean Methane Emission

Geophysical Research Letters 2025年第11期52卷

作者： S. Li T. Dou Z. Du L. Wang R. Zhou W. Hua C. Xiao School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction Beijing Normal University Beijing China Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai China

As sea ice becomes thinner and more fragile, it may affect the Arctic Ocean methane budgets in winter. Using satellite, in situ and reanalysis data, the oceanic emissions of methane over the Chukchi Sea coast from 2003 to 2023 are investigated. In total, 196 methane ventilation days were recorded, contributing to atmospheric methane increases by 15.7 ppb d −1 . Methane ventilation is dominated by sea ice opening and is greatly enhanced by coastal upwelling-induced mixing. The methane concentration increases by 5.5[3.3, 7.8] ppb d −1 with every 10% decrease in ice concentration. The average contribution of upwelling is 0.84[−1.1, 2.7] ppb d −1 , with the greatest contribution from warm Atlantic Water (AW). One such AW event can lead to an increase of methane up to 10[−2, 22] ppb. With further ice retreat, upwelling-induced oceanic methane emissions may occur widely and should be fully considered. Winter oceanic methane emissions induced atmospheric methane averagely increase by 15.7 ppb d −1 in the Chukchi Sea over the past 2 decades Wind-driven upwelling is an important mechanism that intensifies winter methane emissions Warm Atlantic Water upwelling onto the shelf largely contributes to methane release Oceanic methane emissions play an important role in the global methane budget. In the Arctic, sea ice hinders methane venting to the atmosphere from the ocean during cold seasons. With the rapid decline in sea ice, the occurrence of more areas with open water allows extra methane releases from the ocean. In this study, we used satellite, reanalysis, and in situ observation data to estimate the methane emissions in winter. Oceanic methane venting to the atmosphere is significant over the Chukchi Shelf coastal region during the sea ice opening period. Moreover, wind-driven upwelling facilitates this process by enhancing vertical mixing and erosion by warm Atlantic Water. These findings suggest that upwelling should be considered in estimations of oceanic methane budget

关键词： Arctic sea ice upwelling mixing methane

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Mn-doped Co 2 P/N-doped carbon composite materials as efficient bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries

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Materials Research Bulletin 2022年 147卷

作者： Jinhui Tong Huan Wang Lili Bo Chunyan Li Xiaolin Guan Deyuan Kong Yuning Zhang Wenping Shi Zhibin Lei Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China College of Science Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and ColloidChemistry MOE Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China

In this work, several Mn-doped Co 2 P/N-doped carbon composite materials were facilely prepared through one-step carbonizing and phosphating treatments. The catalysts have exhibited high bifunctional catalytic activities for OER and ORR. Notably, the optimized catalyst Mn(0.1)-Co 2 P/NC exhibited high electrocatalytic activities for ORR (with onset/half-wave potential of 0.856/0.784 V vs. RHE, respectively) and OER (with an overpotential of 370 mV at 10 mA/cm 2 ), which are very near to those of Pt/C (20%) and RuO 2 noble catalyst, respectively. When the Mn(0.1)-Co 2 P/NC was employed as air electrode catalyst for rechargeable Zn-air battery, the battery exhibited a high open-circuit voltage of 1.351 V, a stable discharge voltage of 1.08 V, a high round-trip efficiency of 47.3% and excellent stability for 100 cycles at 10 mA/cm 2 , which is superior to the one using Pt/C (20%) + RuO 2 as the air electrode catalyst.

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engineering p-Band Center of Oxygen Boosting H+Intercalation in δ-MnO2for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第8期135卷

作者： Jianhua Zhang Wenbin Li Jingjing Wang Xiaohua Pu Gaini Zhang Shuai Wang Ni Wang Xifei Li Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy & School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048 Shaanxi China Key Laboratory of Advanced Batteries Materials for Electric Vehicles of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048 Shaanxi China

In aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), the H + intercalation possesses superior electrochemical kinetics with excellent rate capability, however, precisely modulating H + intercalation has been still challenging. Herein, a critical modification of pre-intercalating metal ions in the MnO 2 interlayer (M−MnO 2 ) with controllable p-band center ( ϵ p ) of O is reported to modulate the H + intercalation. The modulation of metal-O bond type and covalency degree on the average charge of O atom results in optimized ϵ p and H + adsorption energy for M−MnO 2 , thus promoting the balance between H + adsorption and desorption, which plays a determinant role on H + intercalation. The optimized Cu−MnO 2 delivers superior rate capability with the capacity of 153 mAh g −1 at a high rate of 3 A g −1 after 1000 cycles. This work demonstrates that ϵ p could be a significant descriptor for H + intercalation, and tuning ϵ p effectively increases H + intercalation contribution with excellent rate capability in ZIBs.

关键词： Aqueous Batteries p-Band Center H+ Intercalation Metal-O Bond δ-MnO2 Volcano Curve

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Polarity regulation for stable 2D-perovskite-encapsulated high-efficiency 3D-perovskite solar cells

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Nano Energy 2022年 95卷

作者： Hang Su Lu Zhang Yucheng Liu Yingjie Hu Bobo Zhang Jiaxue You Xinyi Du Jing Zhang Xiaodong Ren Jing Gou Shengzhong (Frank) Liu Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an 710119 China

There have been a few types of passivators used to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. It seems that strong interactions between the passivator and the [PbI 6 ] 4- octahedron are beneficial not only for defect passivation but also for suppressing ion migration. Here, we used molecular induction to design model passivators including ortho-fluorinated phenethylamine (2-F-PEAI) and ortho-fluorinated benzylamine (2-F-PMAI) to attain an optimized effect by regulating the interaction between the passivator and the [PbI 6 ] 4- octahedron. The first-principals study and experimental results including FTIR NMR and TGA show that the larger molecular polarity of the passivator, the stronger the interactions between the passivator and the perovskite surface. These were used to systematically scrutinize the polarity regulation to establish a general passivation model with parameters including the passivator molecular structure, polarity, thermal decomposition temperature and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Consequently, the solar cell efficiency is significantly improved to as high as 23.5% with very good reproducibility. The excellent long-term stability is manifested by 82.5% of the initial PCE remaining after 2000 h of aging under relative humidity (RH) 40% at ambient temperature. Finally, large-area devices (1 cm 2 ) with PCE over 20% have been prepared to show the uniformity of the perovskite film for further upscaling.

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Polarity regulation High efficiency Stability Large-area device

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Transparent 0D Antimony Halides Glassy Wafer with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield for High Spatial Resolution X-Ray Imaging

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advanced Optical Materials 2023年第3期12卷

作者： Ziwei Xu Nan Li Xiangyang Yan Xi Wang Tong He Zhou Yang Shengzhong(Frank) Liu Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 P. R. China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 P. R. China

Large-sized transparent scintillators with a high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) and self-absorption-free properties are highly desired to achieve high spatial resolution X-ray imaging. In this research, a transparent 0D organic–inorganic (ETP) 2 SbCl 5 (ETP = Ethyl triphenylphosphine) amorphous wafer is developed by melting the ETPCl and SbCl 3 mixture and then undergoing a quenching process. The obtained amorphous wafer exhibits a high light transmittance of 86% in the range of 450–800 nm. It also shows a light emission peak at 624 nm, a Stokes shift of 259 nm, and PLQY approaching unity (99.3%). These properties enable it to produce X-ray images with a high spatial resolution of 19.0 lp mm −1 at a modulation transfer function (MTF) value of 0.2, among the best values reported. Additionally, it also shows remarkable stability under continuous X-ray illumination. Its unique optical properties and ability to be processed in large sizes make the organic–inorganic metal halide transparent wafer a promising scintillator. This also demonstrates the potential application of the melt-quenching method in fabricating highly luminescent, low-electronic-dimensional metal halide wafers.

关键词： melt-quenching method metal halides scintillators spatial resolution

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The China groundwater crisis: A mechanistic analysis with implications for global sustainability

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Sustainable Horizons 2022年 4卷

作者： Lancia, Michele Yao, Yingying Andrews, Charles B. Wang, Xiaoli Kuang, Xingxing Ni, Jinren Gorelick, Steven M. Scanlon, Bridget R. Wang, Yanxin Zheng, Chunmiao State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China EIT Institute for Advanced Study Ningbo China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China S.S. Papadopulos & Associates Inc. RockvilleMD United States Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China Department of Earth System Science Stanford University StanfordCA United States Bureau of Economic Geology Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

Over the past several decades, China has rapidly depleted groundwater storage, and has lagged in managing and protecting this resource. As a result, dried up rivers, land subsidence, saltwater intrusion, and wetland losses are extensive. To assist with managing this vital groundwater resource, we constructed the first national-scale numerical groundwater flow model of China to provide a comprehensive overview and understanding of the subsurface flow dynamics. The groundwater model is three-dimensional with a 10 km by 10 km horizontal resolution and five discretized vertical layers (up to 1700 m below the land surface). The calibrated model matched calculated to observed water levels and sufficiently reproduced water budgets. The model was used to reconstruct groundwater depletion by retracing the different stages of Chinese economic development. From 1945 to 2020, the northern provinces are characterized by an average groundwater depletion of ∼16.7 km3/yr (equivalent to 30% of the Yellow River's annual flow) while southern China has experienced no substantial groundwater depletion. Groundwater depletion is consistent with a large observed reduction in groundwater discharge as baseflow to the Yellow River (-23%) relative to negligible variation in baseflow in the Yangtze River. Our study provides a holistic tool to support development of nationwide water management strategies and temper the effects of a future water crisis that China's growing economy could propagate at the global scale. © 2022

关键词： Groundwater resources

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HiPIMS-enabled Ti-doped amorphous carbon coatings for high-performance PEMFC bipolar plates

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Corrosion Science 2025年 254卷

作者： Che, Zhiqiang Feng, Yi Chen, Hui Wu, Xiaopan Wang, Haoqi Yuan, Wenping Jiang, Qili Hou, Li Ou, Yixiang Li, Feiqiang Zong, Peng-an College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing210009 China Joint Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials and Intelligent Equipment Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing100000 China State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology China Academy of Machinery Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection Co. Ltd. Wuhan430030 China Beijing Sino Hy Tec. Co. Ltd. Beijing100192 China

Amorphous carbon (α-C) coatings play a critical role in enhancing the electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and chemical stability of stainless steel bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, traditional deposition methods, such as magnetron sputtering and chemical vapor deposition, suffer from limitations including suboptimal sp²/sp³ ratios, high residual stress, and insufficient mechanical durability, restricting their application. This study develops Ti-doped α-C coatings using a combined high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and pulsed DC magnetron sputtering (PDCMS) approach to overcome these challenges. By varying Ti target power (0–1 kW), the microstructure, electrical properties, corrosion resistance, and mechanical performance of the coatings were systematically investigated. Ti doping increased the sp²/sp³ ratio and promoted low-resistivity carbide phase formation, reducing the interfacial contact resistance from 5.8 to 2.6 mΩ cm2 (0.6 kW). At an optimal Ti target power of 0.6 kW, the coatings achieved excellent corrosion resistance, with a corrosion current density of 0.12 μA cm−2. Additionally, mechanical properties were significantly enhanced, with hardness reaching 13.64 GPa and elastic recovery improving to 43 %. These findings demonstrate that Ti-doped α-C coatings not only address the limitations of traditional α-C deposition techniques but also offer a cost-effective, high-performance solution for stainless steel bipolar plates, advancing the commercialization of PEMFCs. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Corrosion resistant coatings

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Universal Dynamical Scaling of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Vortices in a Strongly Interacting Fermionic Superfluid

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第18期126卷 185302-185302页

作者： Xiang-Pei Liu Xing-Can Yao Youjin Deng Xiao-Qiong Wang Yu-Xuan Wang Chun-Jiong Huang Xiaopeng Li Yu-Ao Chen Jian-Wei Pan Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315 China MinJiang Collaborative Center for Theoretical Physics College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computingand Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093 China

Vortices play a leading role in many fascinating quantum phenomena. Here we generate a large number of vortices by thermally quenching a fermionic superfluid of Li6 atoms in an oblate optical trap and study their annihilation dynamics and spatial distribution. Over a wide interaction range from the attractive to the repulsive side across the Feshbach resonance, these quasi-two-dimensional vortices are observed to follow algebraic scaling laws both in time and space, having exponents consistent with the two-dimensional universality. We further simulate the classical XY model on the square lattice by a Glauber dynamics and find good agreement between the numerical and experimental behaviors. Our work provides a direct demonstration of the universal 2D vortex dynamics.

关键词： Fermi gases Vortices in superfluids Fermionic condensates Ultracold gases

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Strain-induced in-plane anomalous Hall effect in single-crystalline Fe(211) films

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Physical Review B 2025年第17期111卷 174423-174423页

作者： Haoran Chen Yongwei Cui Tong Wu Yunzhuo Wu Ke Pei Yixuan Wang Yue Chen Hongyue Xu Renchao Che Zhe Yuan Cong Xiao Yizheng Wu Department of Physics Applied Surface Physics State Key Laboratory Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Physics and Information Science (ICTPIS) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

We present a systematic investigation of the in-plane anomalous Hall effect (IPAHE) induced by the in-plane magnetization in single-crystalline Fe(211) films epitaxially grown on MgO(110) substrates. A single-crystal domain in the Fe(211) films is well controlled using slightly miscut substrates, enabling precise observation of the IPAHE. A pronounced IPAHE is observed when the magnetization aligns along the Fe[1¯11] direction, with the in-plane anomalous Hall resistivity ρIPAH reaching its maximum value and showing independence from the current direction. This behavior aligns with phenomenological models dictated by crystalline symmetry and likely stems from epitaxial strain in the films. The scaling relationship between ρIPAH and the longitudinal resistivity across a range of temperatures and film thicknesses is systematically analyzed. A nonmonotonic temperature dependence of ρIPAH indicates a complex interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. Our study provides experimental insight into the mechanisms underlying IPAHE and highlights the potential for tailoring IPAHE through film thickness and strain engineering.

关键词： Magnetization

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Frontispiece: One-Step Approach for Constructing High-Density Single-Atom Catalysts toward Overall Water Splitting at Industrial Current Densities

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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2023年第9期62卷

作者： Dr. Dong Cao Dr. Zhirong Zhang Yahui Cui Runhao Zhang Prof. Lipeng Zhang Prof. Jie Zeng Prof. Daojian Cheng State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243002 P. R. China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China

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