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Reaching for the "low hanging fruit" - The pressure for results in scientific research-A graduate student's perspective

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Science and Engineering Ethics 1995年第4期1卷 417-426页

作者： Browning, Tyson R. Technology and Policy Program and Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge 02139 MA Ashdown W1-604B United States

The pressure for results applied by some research funders concerns some academicians. Sometimes, for example, a sponsor requests preliminary data that the researcher is not ready to release. This paper presents three interviews - two with researchers and one with a representative from industry - dealing with these issues and makes recommendations on the basis of those interviews. It also looks briefly at the different norms that exist in industry and academia for research and communication and the tensions these can cause for a scientist working simultaneously in both realms. © 1995 Opragen Publications.

关键词： applied research industrial sponsor pressure research contract responsibility

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The US and Japanese space programmes. A comparative study

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Space policy 1991年第3期7卷 233-256页

作者： Wells, Damon R. Hastings, Daniel E. Professor of Daniel E. Hasting is Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Director of the MIT/NASA Space Grant Program USA Damon Wells is a graduate student in the MIT Technology and Policy Program USA

This report begins with a brief historical overview of the US and Japanese space programmes before turning to an evaluation of the programmes' philosophy and structure. The study then analyses relative trends in spending, size and efficiency, and compares the relative technical capabilities of the two programmes in selected technology areas. Conclusions based on these analyses and data are provided, with particular emphasis given to an assessment of the objectives and potential of the Japanese programmes. © 1991.

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