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Development and Flight Experiments of Scaled-model AAM Aircraft With Boxed-wing

Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 2025年第1期31卷 5-13页

作者： Yang, Yechan Park, Seonghyeon Park, Joonhyuk Seo, Bin Kim, Nakyung Jeong, Hoijo Suk, Jinyoung Kim, Seungkeun Department of Aerospace Engineering Chungnam National University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Intelligent Aerospace System Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Advanced air mobility (AAM) is being developed to address complex transportation challenges in urban environments. In this study, a scaled model of a boxed-wing tiltrotor AAM has been designed and implemented through simulation and flight testing, establishing a foundation for the future commercialization of AAM. All structural and aerodynamic factors involved in the design of the Boxed-wing were considered during the initial stage of development, and its aerodynamic performance was analyzed. A software-in-the-loop simulation was conducted by integrating the Gazebo simulator and PX4 to verify the performance of the simulation model. The model successfully followed the predefined waypoints during the simulation, and the control parameters derived from the simulation were then applied to the flight test. The key parameters among them were validated through the flight test, confirming their effectiveness in ensuring a stable flight. © ICROS 2025.

关键词： Urban transportation

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Manufacturing process design for cellular structure used as impact energy absorbers 4

Manufacturing process design for cellular structure used as ...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in Mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Komara, Asep Indra Setiawan, Rachman Budiwantoro, Bagus Doctoral Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Manufacturing Design Engineering Department Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung Bandung Indonesia

The application of passive safety technology in vehicles is generally through impact-absorbing structures. This technology has been widely applied to trains, planes, and cars to protect passengers from fatal accidents. Cellular structures are defined by a unit cell that combines material, space, and unit cell repetition to obtain a large structure. It is selected as the base structure of the impact energy absorber for its potentially high specific energy absorption (SEA]. Such a structure poses a challenge in its manufacturing method. This study examines alternative manufacturing processes for cellular structures designed as impact absorbers, and then selects and develops an effective and efficient manufacturing method to produce these cellular structures. Several alternative manufacturing methods were chosen to exercise the use of a combined plaster molding technology and additive manufacturing for prototyping. Manufacturing process simulation studies were conducted using Altair Inspire Cast software to determine the success of the casting process. The final stage is to carry out the process of making cell structures and evaluating the results. This work results in an effective manufacturing process design to be implemented throughout the production stage. Furthermore, for mass production, mold patterns may be replaced by using injection molding. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Injection molding

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The Influence of Silicon Dioxide as a Fuel Additive in a Diesel Engine Fuelled by Pure Palm Oil 4

The Influence of Silicon Dioxide as a Fuel Additive in a Die...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in Mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Prahmana, Rico Aditia Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo Reksowardojo, Iman Kartolaksono Prakoso, Tirto Juangsa, Firman Bagja Doctoral Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Program Study of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Sumatera South Lampung35365 Indonesia Thermal Science and Engineering Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Program Study of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Pertamina Jakarta12220 Indonesia

In the last decade, the Indonesian government has implemented a program to use biodiesel as a substitute for fossil diesel to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. On the other hand, the development of biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace fossil diesel has several challenges, one of which is the production of biodiesel, which is more complicated and requires a long process. However, the direct use of crude palm oil (CPO) in diesel engines is not recommended because it has many drawbacks. Research recently shows that fuel additives in diesel engines have promising prospects. Therefore, to solve the problem, this study used pure palm oil (PPaO) as the primary fuel, with the addition of silicon oxide (SiO2) as a fuel additive in diesel engines. The results showed that using SiO2 additive in PPaO can increase thermal efficiency by 18.8% at 60% load compared to diesel fuel (DF). Nevertheless, using this fuel increased specific fuel consumption (SFC) by 3.9% on average and increased the opacity by 153% compared to diesel fuel. These results indicate that SiO2 has the potential to be developed as an effective additive to PPaO fuel that can improve the efficiency and performance of diesel engines. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biodiesel

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Design of Navigation Satellite Constellation for Global Lunar PNT

Design of Navigation Satellite Constellation for Global Luna...

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2025 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, ITM 2025

作者： Kang, Minjae Jeong, Hojoon Park, Jaeuk Kee, Changdon Interdisciplinary Program in Space Systems Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Aerospace Engineering and SNU-IAMD Seoul National University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780936406404

This study presents the design of a lunar navigation satellite constellation to provide global Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services, beginning with coverage at the lunar South Pole and gradually expanding to the entire Moon. Building upon an initial Phase 1 constellation that ensures reliable PNT at the South Pole, Phase 2 extends this coverage globally, addressing the challenges of providing continuous navigation services across the lunar surface. The proposed Hybrid Frozen Constellation combines Elliptical Lunar Frozen Orbits (ELFOs) and Circular Frozen Orbits to offer a cost-effective and efficient solution, leveraging the stable South Pole-oriented orbits while minimizing the number of satellites required. The study explores various satellite configurations to achieve best Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) across the entire lunar surface. By carefully analyzing the geometry and phasing of the orbits, the design aims to maximize navigation performance while reducing the satellite volume. Simulation results confirm that the full constellation achieves over 98% PDOP availability, ensuring PDOP values remain below 6, meeting the GPS standards for reliable navigation. This performance guarantees accurate positioning, even in challenging regions of the lunar surface, and supports both robotic and crewed exploration missions. © 2025 Proceedings of the International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, ITM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lunar missions

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Analysis of Sandwich Structures with 3D-Printed Kresling Origami Cores

Analysis of Sandwich Structures with 3D-Printed Kresling Ori...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Hossain, Md Shahjahan Csercsevits, Vincent Seshaiah, Kira Bateniparvar, Omid Ghosh, Ranajay Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Widener University ChesterPA United States Smith College Picker Engineering Program NorthamptonMA United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Lightweight structures with bioinspired metamaterials, with their uniquely engineered properties not found in naturally occurring materials, have garnered significant attention for their potential in various engineering applications. This study explores the mechanical behavior of sandwich plate structures utilizing the Kresling origami pattern, fabricated through a straightforward 3D printing process. By conducting 3-point bending and compression tests, as well as simulations with Abaqus software, the research investigates the distinctive mechanical properties and performance enhancements these origami-inspired structures offer under mechanical loading. This study is noteworthy for being the first to investigate the bending characteristics of sandwich structures utilizing the two cell Kresling pattern or double Kresling, an area that has not been previously explored. Utilizing the Kresling structure in sandwich panels poses a challenge due to its rotational behavior. To address this, we employ a double Kresling pattern, which confines the rotation to the middle layer. This approach ensures that the outer layers remain stable, maintaining the overall integrity of the sandwich panel structure during deformation under mechanical loading. The findings reveal that the 3D-printed Kresling origami core significantly reduces weight while maintaining structural integrity, making it especially beneficial for aerospace engineering, where lightweight yet strong materials are crucial. This research highlights the potential of Kresling-patterned sandwich plates to improve efficiency and performance in supersonic vehicles, providing valuable insights into their structural efficiency and applicability in advanced engineering fields. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compression testing

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High Fidelity Modeling of Large, Thin, and Flexible Structures in Space

High Fidelity Modeling of Large, Thin, and Flexible Structur...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Brownell, Matthew Singla, Puneet Sinclair, Andrew J. Department of Aerospace Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research Astrodynamics Program United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Space structures with extremely large aspect ratios are increasingly relevant for various space missions. When dynamic models are obtained for forecasting and control, the deformation dynamics of these structures cannot be decoupled from the translation and rotation dynamics. This work develops a Lagrangian framework to obtain fully coupled dynamics of a large flexible structure in space. Splitting the model into undeformed and deformed dynamics, coupled dynamics are viewed as perturbations from traditional rigid body theory. Due to the complex boundary conditions present in these structures, the deformation dynamics are modeled using a dynamic finite element analysis. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flexible spacecraft

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Conversion of Agricultural Waste into High-Rank Solid Fuel Through Sequential Wet and Dry Torrefaction Processes

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Bioenergy Research 2025年第1期18卷 1-11页

作者： Efendi, Muhammad Ade Andriansyah Hardianto, Toto Prawisudha, Pandji Juangsa, Firman Bagja Doctoral Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Thermal Science and Engineering Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia

The low calorific value and high risk of ash deposition hinder the use of agricultural biomass waste as furnace fuel. However, torrefaction can upgrade agricultural waste into high-rank solid fuel, making it a viable biomass source. This study develops a multi-process conversion method using sequential wet and dry torrefaction to obtain high-rank solid fuel with high calorific value, low slagging and fouling potential, and efficient process energy. The paper focuses on multi-process conversion, revealing its superior product characteristics compared to single-process torrefaction. The wet torrefaction process (180 °C) was followed by dry torrefaction at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 330 °C (200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, 330 °C). Rice straw multi-process conversion results show increasing a calorific value from 13.76 to 16.58 MJ/kg (330 °C), reduction in slagging and fouling potential from 0.21 (low potency) and 0.92 (medium potency) to 0.013 and 0.48 (both low potency). For palm oil empty fruit bunches, the calorific value increased from 17.21 to 26.89 MJ/kg (330 °C), with a reduction in slagging and fouling potential from 0.435 (low potency) and 74.84 (high potency) to 0.251 and 28.85 (low-medium potency), indicating low-medium potency. The Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI) for the multi-process conversion exceeds 1, utilizing residual energy from other systems. The multi-process conversion has reduced slagging and fouling potential, significantly increased calorific value, and provided a good energy return on energy investment. Therefore, sequential wet and dry torrefaction is recommended to harness the benefits of both processes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Straw

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The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket: Foundations, Challenges, and Progress

The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket: Foundations, Challen...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Thomas, Dale Houts, Michael Wang, Dean Hollingsworth, Keith Frederick, Robert Cassibry, Jason Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Space Nuclear Propulsion Program Office NASA Marshall Space Flight Center HuntsvilleAL35812 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and Interim Dean of the Honors College The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Propulsion Research Center The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket (CNTR) is a Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) concept designed to heat propellant directly by the reactor fuel. The primary difference between the CNTR concept and traditional NTP systems is that rather than using traditional solid fuel elements, the CNTR uses liquid fuel with the liquid contained in rotating cylinders by centrifugal force. If the concept can be successfully realized, the CNTR would have a high specific impulse (up to 1800 s) at high thrust, which may enable (i) viable near-term human Mars exploration by reducing round-trip times to 420 days and (ii) direct injection orbits for scientific rendezvous missions to the Solar System outer planets and Kuiper Belt objects. Research is presently underway to determine resolutions for the significant engineering challenges that the CNTR concept presents. These challenges, the study plans to address them, and progress have been described previously;this paper provides an update on progress to date for the overall research effort, including strategies and key results on revision of a reference configuration, definition of key parameters which allows integration of the results of various analyses, and reviews strategies to mitigate the problem of Uranium vapor saturating the propellant exhaust and significantly impacting the CNTR’s specific impulse. Analyses and experiments, both underway and planned, to update estimates of engine key performance parameters including specific impulse, thrust and thrust to weight ratio along with the identification of selected design margins within the engine itself are described – all toward the goal of enabling plans for a laboratory demonstration of a single Centrifugal Fuel Element. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rockets

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Application of Error Transport Equations for Unsteady Problems with Discontinuities

Application of Error Transport Equations for Unsteady Proble...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Ganotaki, Michael Jordan, William Roy, Christopher J. Ferguson, Jim M. Virginia Tech Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering 666 McBryde Hall BlacksburgVA24061 United States Virginia Tech Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering 614 McBryde Hall BlacksburgVA24061 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory LANL’s Advanced Scientific Computing VVUQ Program XCP Division Los AlamosNM87545 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been pivotal in scientific computing, providing critical insights into complex fluid dynamics challenging for traditional experimental methods. Despite its widespread use, the accuracy of CFD results remains contingent upon the underlying modeling and numerical errors. A key aspect of ensuring simulation reliability is the accurate quantification of discretization error (DE), which is the difference between the simulation solution and the exact solution to the governing partial differential or integral equations. This study addresses estimating DE through Error Transport Equations (ETE), an additional set of equations closely related to the original equations. Historically, Richardson extrapolation has been a mainstay for DE estimation due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, the method’s feasibility diminishes with increasing computational demands, particularly in large-scale and high-dimensional problems. The integration of ETE into existing CFD frameworks is facilitated by their compatibility with existing numerical codes, minimizing the need for extensive code modification. By incorporating techniques developed for treating discontinuities, this study broadens ETE applicability to a wider range of scientific computing applications, particularly those involving complex, unsteady flows. The culmination of this research is demonstrated on Sod’s shock tube problem. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Ultrafast, High-Intensity Laser Material Interaction in Polycrystalline Alumina Transparent Ceramics

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Chong, Poh Yin Wu, Xingzhong Castillo, Gabriel R. Garay, Javier E. Laboratory Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

High-intensity pulsed laser-material interaction is a complicated process involving various laser parameters and material properties, and the coupling of these factors affects material modifications. This study investigates the laser-material interactions of single-crystal alumina (SCA) and transparent polycrystalline alumina (PCA). To understand the underlying mechanism of laser-induced modifications, single-shot irradiations are conducted using an ultrafast laser (λ = 1030 nm, τρ = 490 fs). This experiment focuses on the high-intensity regime from 1012 W/cm2 to 1015 W/cm2, generating high temperatures and pressure causing modifications (melting, ablation, and fracture). While SCA and PCA are fundamentally Al2O3, the difference in microstructure alters the optical and mechanical properties. The ablation depth shows a sublinear power law relationship with laser intensity for both materials although the energy dependence is lower for PCA. The differences can be attributed to different damage mechanisms;the laser-induced craters in SCA exhibit predominantly melting whereas PCA demonstrates fracture-like morphologies. The fracture in PCA is surprising given its higher indent-produced fracture resistance. The differences in fracture behavior can be reconciled considering the much higher pressure application rates produced by laser pulsing. PCA has a lower laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) than SCA. Laser-induced crater area and volume increase linearly with laser fluence and peak intensity. Altering the focusing conditions can change the LIDT and expand the laser processing window. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single crystals

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