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Design and implementation of a novel approach for long-lived particle reconstruction in LHCb experiment at CERN

computer physics Communications 2025年

作者： Piotr Kulczycki Grzegorz Gołaszewski Tomasz Szumlak Szymon Łukasik AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Division for Information Technology and Systems Research Polish Academy of Sciences Systems Research Institute Centre of Information Technology for Data Analysis Methods

The subject of this paper is the improvement of the procedure to reconstruct long-lived particles in the LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) experiment, one of the main experiments conducted by the European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN in Geneva. The goal of this procedure is to detect or, in other words, reconstruct long-lived particle tracks, based on observations obtained from measurement modules placed far apart, with a primary focus of eliminating erroneously created tracks, the so-called ghost-tracks. The investigated method is carried out by pairing proper trajectories and two autonomous filtering algorithms that are based on the nonparametric estimation of a distribution density as well as an autoencoder, a neural network designated for unsupervised learning. The values obtained from these two algorithms founded on complementary methodologies, mathematical statistics and computational intelligence, are combined with the t-norm. As a result, the number of ghost-tracks is reduced threefold when compared with the method primarily used. To evaluate the results of the designed procedure, a measure of the reconstruction quality, without the information whether a given track is real or only a ghost, is additionally created and effectively applied. Illustrative interpretations make it easier to potentially employ the method elaborated here to research tasks of similar conditions.

关键词： data analysis LHCb experiment long-lived particle ghost-track elimination computational intelligence numerical algorithm

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HORIZONTALLY STATIONARY GENERALIZED BRATTELI DIAGRAMS

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Bezuglyi, Sergey Jorgensen, Palle E.T. Karpel, Olena Kwiatkowski, Jan Department of Mathematics University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242-1419 United States AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Applied Mathematics al. Adama Mick-iewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering 47 Nauky Ave. Kharkiv61103 Ukraine Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Nicolaus Copernicus University ul. Chopina 12/18 Toruń87-100 Poland

Bratteli diagrams with countably infinite levels exhibit a new phenomenon: they can be horizontally stationary. The incidence matrices of these horizontally stationary Bratteli diagrams are infinite banded Toeplitz matrices. In this paper, we study the fundamental properties of horizontally stationary Bratteli diagrams. In these diagrams, we provide an explicit description of ergodic tail invariant probability measures. For a certain class of horizontally stationary Bratteli diagrams, we prove that all ergodic tail invariant probability measures are extensions of measures from odometers. Additionally, we establish conditions for the existence of a continuous Vershik map on the path space of a horizontally stationary Bratteli *** Codes 37A05, 37B05, 37A40, 54H05, 05C60 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Terahertz Free-Space Measurement System Using Low-Cost 3D-Printed Hemispherical Lens Antenna

Terahertz Free-Space Measurement System Using Low-Cost 3D-Pr...

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2021 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress: Innovation Electricals and Electronics, RI2C 2021

作者： Chudpooti, Nonchanutt Duangrit, Nattapong Akkaraekthalin, Prayoot Robertson, Ian D. Somjit, Nutapong King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Faculty of Applied Science Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation Bangkok Thailand Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Faculty of Engineering Chiangmai Thailand King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bangkok Thailand University of Leeds School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Leeds United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781665403009

This paper presents a terahertz free-space (THz) measurement technique using a photopolymer-based additive manufactured hemispherical lens antenna directly fed by a WR-3 rectangular waveguide with an operating frequency range of 220 GHz to 320 GHz. The hemispherical lens antenna is fabricated by in-house custom-made low-cost photopolymer 3D printing using a digital light processing (DLP) technique to fabricate layer-by-layer using Monocure 3DR3582C printing material. An asymptotically single-mode all-dielectric Bragg fiber is used to investigate the performance of the developed free-space measurement setup. From the measurement results, the propagation loss in this work has an accuracy compared with an analytical calculation and conventional free-space measurement setup of 83.36% and 88.08%, respectively. Moreover, the use of a 3D-printed hemispherical lens antenna for the THz free-space measurement reduces the complexity of the measurement setup. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Lens antennas

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Broadband Corrugated Modified Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave based Imaging Applications 24

Broadband Corrugated Modified Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave ...

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24th International Conference on computer and Information technology, ICCIT 2021

作者： Talukder, Md Siam Samsuzzaman, Md Paul, Liton Chandra Masud, Md Abdul Azim, Rezaul Moniruzzaman, Md Patuakhali Science and Technology University Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Patuakhali Bangladesh Pabna University of Science and Technology Dept. of ElectricalElectronic and Communication Engineering Pabna Bangladesh University of Chittagong Dept. of Physics Chittagong Bangladesh Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Dept. of ElectricalElectronic and Systems Engineering Bangi Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665494359

This paper explored a Broadband Corrugated Modified Vivaldi Antenna for head imaging applications using microwaves. The antenna is made up of a tapered feeding circular slotted patch and a rectangular modified wing shape ground with an electrical dimension of $0.49\lambda\times 0.41\lambda\times 0.009\lambda$ at lower frequency of 1.67 GHz. Front and back radiator are placed on a substrate of FR-4 material having a permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.5 mm, which are less expensive and more widely accessible. The designed antenna works between 1.67 and 6.37 GHz, allowing the imaging system to function over a large fractional bandwidth of about 116.92 %. With an appropriate impedance matching and a directionally stable radiation characteristics, the antenna has a decent gain of 9 dBi. A 50$\Omega$ microstrip line feeds the antenna. The simulation tools CST was used to evolve and optimize the design. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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Profit maximization of a wind-integrated deregulated system using V2G techniques and TCSC placement

引用

Frontiers in Energy Research 2024年 12卷

作者： Dawn, Subhojit Ramakrishna, A. Ramesh, M. Das, Shreya Shree Rao, K. Dhananjay Cali, Umit Ustun, Taha Selim Electrical and Electronics Engineering Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College Vijayawada India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vardhaman College of Engineering Hyderabad India Computer Science and Engineering Department Spoorthy Engineering College Hyderabad India School of Electronics Engineering VIT-AP University Amaravati India Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway School of Physics Engineering and Technology University of York York United Kingdom Koriyama Japan

Profit maximization is crucial for both producers and customers in power grids, particularly in deregulated energy markets. By focusing on profit maximization measures, power grids can improve economic viability and sustainability for all stakeholders. The growing demand for electricity in modern civilization poses a significant challenge to the power grid’s ability to meet it. To address these difficulties, the power industry is attempting to integrate renewable sources into existing power facilities. Because of its unpredictable character, the presence of renewable energy in the electricity system becomes increasingly important and adds complexity to the grid. Given the intermittent nature of renewable sources, an energy storage device is required in this scenario. During the low-power use phase, the grid has ample power. Meanwhile, energy storage devices can be utilized to store extra power in the low power demand phase while maintaining the safety and stability of the power network during peak demand periods. V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) technology is commonly employed to address the uncertainty of renewable resources while maintaining system stability. By using automobiles as transportable storage devices, V2G can make the best use of excess electricity during low-energy hours. Wind energy’s volatility causes imbalances, lowering system profitability. With wind energy integration, power system profitability can be improved by analyzing uncertainties and employing mitigation strategies. To overcome the issue, the research optimizes the use of V2G and TCSC (thyristor-controlled series compensator). V2G permits bidirectional power flow, lowering imbalance pricing (IP) while considering power demand. TCSC can increase the transient stability of transmission lines, hence reducing line faults. TCSC’s involvement in the system increases profitability by lowering congestion expenses. Strategic TCSC placement increases overall profitability. The approach strives to offer effic

关键词： Thyristors

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Anisotropic singular Neumann equations with unbalanced growth

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Papageorgiou, Nikolaos S. Rădulescu, Vicenţiu D. Repovš, Dušan D. Department of Mathematics National Technical University Zografou Campus Athens15780 Greece Faculty of Applied Mathematics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow30-059 Poland Department of Mathematics University of Craiova Craiova200585 Romania Faculty of Education Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Institute of Mathematics Physics and Mechanics Ljubljana1000 Slovenia

We consider a nonlinear parametric Neumann problem driven by the anisotropic (p, q)Laplacian and a reaction which exhibits the combined effects of a singular term and of a parametric superlinear perturbation. We are looking for positive solutions. Using a combination of topological and variational tools together with suitable truncation and comparison techniques, we prove a bifurcation-type result describing the set of positive solutions as the positive parameter λ varies. We also show the existence of minimal positive solutions u∗λ and determine the monotonicity and continuity properties of the map λ ↦ u∗λMSC Codes 35J75, 35J60, 35J20 Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anisotropy

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Null energy condition violation during inflation and pulsar timing array observations

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Ye, Gen Zhu, Mian Cai, Yong School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou450001 China Institute Lorentz Leiden University P.O. Box 9506 Leiden2300 RA Netherlands Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Krakow30-348 Poland

Recently, evidence of stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) signals observed by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, has prompted investigations into their origins. We explore the compatibility of a proposed inflationary scenario, incorporating an intermediate null energy condition (NEC)-violating phase, with the PTA observations. The NEC violation potentially amplifies the primordial tensor power spectrum, offering a promising explanation for PTA observations. Numerical analyses, primarily focused on NANOGrav's 15-year results, reveal the model's compatibility with PTA data. Notably, the model predicts a nearly scale-invariant GW spectrum in the mHz frequency range, which sets our scenario apart from other interpretations predicting a red primordial GW spectrum on smaller scales. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pulsars

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Operando FTIR study on water additive in lithium-sulfur batteries to mitigate shuttle effect

引用

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第11期98卷 702-713页

作者： Érick A.Santos Martim C.Policano Manuel J.Pinzón Isabela Galantini Vanessa A.Goncalves Francisco C.B.Maia Lucyano J.A.Macedo Gustavo Doubek Renato G.Freitas Hudson Zanin Advanced Energy Storage Division Center for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 400CampinasSP 13083-852Brazil Catalytic Processes and Materials Group Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyMESA+Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of TwentePO Box 2177500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies(CIC EnergiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510Spain Institute of Physics&Institute of Chemistry Laboratory of Computational MaterialsFederal University of Mato GrossoCuiabá78060-900MTBrazil Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and MaterialsCampinas 13083-970SPBrazil Advanced Energy Storage Division LABCenter for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 500Campinas 13083-852SPBrazil

Additives in the electrolytes of Li-S batteries aim to increase overall capacity,improve Li ion conductivity,enhance cyclability,and mitigate the shuttle effect,which is one of the major issues of this ***,the use of water as an additive in the commonly used electrolyte,1.0 M LiTFSI/1.0%(w/w) LiNO_(3) and a 1:1 mixture of 1,3-dioxolane(DOL) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME) was *** used Co_(2)Mn_(0.5)Al_(0.5)O_(4)(CMA) as an electrocatalyst anchored on an activated carbon(AC) electrode with added sulfur via a melt-diffusion *** structural analysis of CMA via Rietveld refinement showed interatomic spaces that can promote ionic conductivity,facilitating Li^(+) ion *** tests determined 1600 ppm as the optimal water concentration,significantly reducing the shuttle ***-mortem XPS analysis focused on the lithium metal anode revealed the formation of Li_(2)O layers in dry samples and LiOH in wet *** capacity was observed in wet samples,which can be attributed to the superior ionic conductivity of LiOH at the electrode/electrolyte interface,surpassing that of Li_(2)O by 12 ***,Operando FTIR experiments provided real-time insights into electrolyte degradation and SEI formation,elucidating the activity mechanisms of water and Li_(2)CO_(3) over the *** work presents results that could aid future advancements in Li-S battery technology,offering possibilities to mitigate its challenges with inexpensive and scalable additives.

关键词： Diffusion Li-S Ionic conductivity Operando FTIR

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Primordial non-Gaussianity from Galilean Genesis without strong coupling problem

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Akama, Shingo Hirano, Shin'ichi Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Krakow30-348 Poland Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8551 Japan

Galilean Genesis is generically plagued with a strong coupling problem, but this can be avoided depending on the hierarchy between a classical energy scale of genesis and a strong coupling scale. In this paper, we investigate whether or not the models of Galilean Genesis without the strong coupling problem can explain the statistical properties of the observed CMB fluctuations based on two unified frameworks of Galilean Genesis. By focusing on the class in which the propagation speeds of the scalar and tensor perturbations are constant, we show that the models avoiding strong coupling and allowing a slightly red-tilted scalar power spectrum suffer from an overproduction of a scalar non-Gaussianity. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Comb-calibrated Raman Spectroscopy of Molecular Hydrogen

Comb-calibrated Raman Spectroscopy of Molecular Hydrogen

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023

作者： Lamperti, Marco Rutkowski, Lucile Ronchetti, Daniele Gatti, Davide Gotti, Riccardo Cerullo, Giulio Thibault, Franck Jóźwiak, Hubert Wójtewicz, Szymon Maslowski, Piotr Wcislo, Piotr Polli, Dario Marangoni, Marco Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano IFN-CNR Via Gaetano Previati 1/C Lecco23900 Italy Department of Science and High Technology University of Insubria Como22100 Italy UMR 6251 RennesF-35000 France Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Università degli studi di Pavia Pavia27100 Italy Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziadzka 5 Torun87-100 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345995

Molecular hydrogen and its isotopologues are key systems to test quantum electrodynamics (QED) at molecular length scales, as their energy levels can be calculated with high accuracy[1]. Comparison of the theoretical values with highly accurate experimental determinations of transition frequencies allows one to test QED and theories beyond the standard model of particle physics[2]. Recent accurate measurements of rovibrational frequencies of HD and D2, covering mostly the second overtone band, have shown a systematic deviation between measured and calculated transition frequencies. Yet, available measurements on H2 are characterized by uncertainties one order of magnitude larger than theory. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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