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Design and implementation of a novel approach for long-lived particle reconstruction in LHCb experiment at CERN

computer physics Communications 2025年

作者： Piotr Kulczycki Grzegorz Gołaszewski Tomasz Szumlak Szymon Łukasik AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Division for Information Technology and Systems Research Polish Academy of Sciences Systems Research Institute Centre of Information Technology for Data Analysis Methods

The subject of this paper is the improvement of the procedure to reconstruct long-lived particles in the LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) experiment, one of the main experiments conducted by the European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN in Geneva. The goal of this procedure is to detect or, in other words, reconstruct long-lived particle tracks, based on observations obtained from measurement modules placed far apart, with a primary focus of eliminating erroneously created tracks, the so-called ghost-tracks. The investigated method is carried out by pairing proper trajectories and two autonomous filtering algorithms that are based on the nonparametric estimation of a distribution density as well as an autoencoder, a neural network designated for unsupervised learning. The values obtained from these two algorithms founded on complementary methodologies, mathematical statistics and computational intelligence, are combined with the t-norm. As a result, the number of ghost-tracks is reduced threefold when compared with the method primarily used. To evaluate the results of the designed procedure, a measure of the reconstruction quality, without the information whether a given track is real or only a ghost, is additionally created and effectively applied. Illustrative interpretations make it easier to potentially employ the method elaborated here to research tasks of similar conditions.

关键词： data analysis LHCb experiment long-lived particle ghost-track elimination computational intelligence numerical algorithm

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Massively winning configurations in the convex grabbing game on the plane

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Dvorak, Martin Nicholson, Sara Department of Theoretical Computer Science and Mathematical Logic Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Institute of Science and Technology Austria Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University

The convex grabbing game is a game where two players, Alice and Bob, alternate taking extremal points from the convex hull of a point set on the plane. Rational weights are given to the points. The goal of each player is to maximize the total weight over all points that they obtain. We restrict the setting to the case of binary weights. We show a construction of an arbitrarily large odd-sized point set that allows Bob to obtain almost 3/4 of the total weight. This construction answers a question asked by Matsumoto, Nakamigawa, and Sakuma in [Graphs and Combinatorics, 36/1 (2020)]. We also present an arbitrarily large even-sized point set where Bob can obtain the entirety of the total weight. Finally, we discuss conjectures about optimum moves in the convex grabbing game for both players in general. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geometry

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HORIZONTALLY STATIONARY GENERALIZED BRATTELI DIAGRAMS

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Bezuglyi, Sergey Jorgensen, Palle E.T. Karpel, Olena Kwiatkowski, Jan Department of Mathematics University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242-1419 United States AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Applied Mathematics al. Adama Mick-iewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering 47 Nauky Ave. Kharkiv61103 Ukraine Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Nicolaus Copernicus University ul. Chopina 12/18 Toruń87-100 Poland

Bratteli diagrams with countably infinite levels exhibit a new phenomenon: they can be horizontally stationary. The incidence matrices of these horizontally stationary Bratteli diagrams are infinite banded Toeplitz matrices. In this paper, we study the fundamental properties of horizontally stationary Bratteli diagrams. In these diagrams, we provide an explicit description of ergodic tail invariant probability measures. For a certain class of horizontally stationary Bratteli diagrams, we prove that all ergodic tail invariant probability measures are extensions of measures from odometers. Additionally, we establish conditions for the existence of a continuous Vershik map on the path space of a horizontally stationary Bratteli *** Codes 37A05, 37B05, 37A40, 54H05, 05C60 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

引用

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 21-60页

作者： Hao Wang Cheng-Feng Pan Chi Li Kishan S Menghrajani Markus A Schmidt Aoling Li Fu Fan Yu Zhou Wang Zhang Hongtao Wang Parvathi Nair Suseela Nair John You En Chan Tomohiro Mori Yueqiang Hu Guangwei Hu Stefan A Maier Haoran Ren Huigao Duan Joel K W Yang College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People's Republic of China Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation Hunan UniversityGuangzhou 511300People's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore School of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Otto Schott Institute of Material Research FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for Science Technology and Research)Singapore 138634Singapore Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture Wakayama 6496261Japan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore Department of Physics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom

Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities,enabling the observation and understanding of diverse *** technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily *** glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes,while polymers offer versatility and ease of ***,modern applications often require complex lens assemblies,driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro-and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication ***-dimensional(3D)printing,or additive manufacturing,presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping,customized geometries,and efficient production,particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging *** 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts,yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale ***-photon polymerization lithography(TPL),a nanoscale 3D printing technique,enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid *** offers unprecedented abilities,***-free fabrication,micro-and nanoscale capabilities,and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D *** this review,we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices,discuss material properties relevant to TPL,fabrication techniques,and highlight the application of TPL in optical *** the first panoramic review on this topic,it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics,promoting a deeper understanding of the *** leveraging on its high-resolution capability,extensive material range,and true 3D processing,alongside advances in materials,fabrication,and design,we en

关键词： two-photon polymerization lithography 3D printing additive manufacturing imaging optics and nanophotonics

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Terahertz Free-Space Measurement System Using Low-Cost 3D-Printed Hemispherical Lens Antenna

Terahertz Free-Space Measurement System Using Low-Cost 3D-Pr...

引用

2021 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress: Innovation Electricals and Electronics, RI2C 2021

作者： Chudpooti, Nonchanutt Duangrit, Nattapong Akkaraekthalin, Prayoot Robertson, Ian D. Somjit, Nutapong King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Faculty of Applied Science Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation Bangkok Thailand Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Faculty of Engineering Chiangmai Thailand King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bangkok Thailand University of Leeds School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Leeds United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781665403009

This paper presents a terahertz free-space (THz) measurement technique using a photopolymer-based additive manufactured hemispherical lens antenna directly fed by a WR-3 rectangular waveguide with an operating frequency range of 220 GHz to 320 GHz. The hemispherical lens antenna is fabricated by in-house custom-made low-cost photopolymer 3D printing using a digital light processing (DLP) technique to fabricate layer-by-layer using Monocure 3DR3582C printing material. An asymptotically single-mode all-dielectric Bragg fiber is used to investigate the performance of the developed free-space measurement setup. From the measurement results, the propagation loss in this work has an accuracy compared with an analytical calculation and conventional free-space measurement setup of 83.36% and 88.08%, respectively. Moreover, the use of a 3D-printed hemispherical lens antenna for the THz free-space measurement reduces the complexity of the measurement setup. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Lens antennas

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INVARIANT MEASURES FOR REDUCIBLE GENERALIZED BRATTELI DIAGRAMS

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Bezuglyi, Sergey Karpel, Olena Kwiatkowski, Jan Department of Mathematics University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242-1419 United States AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Applied Mathematics al. Adama Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering 47 Nauky Ave. Kharkiv61103 Ukraine Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Nicolaus Copernicus University ul. Chopina 12/18 Toruń 87-100 Poland

In 2010, Bezuglyi, Kwiatkowski, Medynets and Solomyak [Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 30 (2010), no.4, 973-1007] found a complete description of the set of probability ergodic tail invariant measures on the path space of a standard (classical) stationary reducible Bratteli diagram. It was shown that every distinguished eigenvalue for the incidence matrix determines a probability ergodic invariant measure. In this paper, we show that this result does not hold for stationary reducible generalized Bratteli diagrams. We consider classes of stationary and non-stationary reducible generalized Bratteli diagrams with infinitely many simple standard subdiagrams, in particular, with infinitely many odometers as subdiagrams. We characterize the sets of all probability ergodic invariant measures for such diagrams and study partial orders under which the diagrams can support a Vershik *** Codes 37A05, 37B05, 37A40, 54H05, 05C60 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Dynamical systems

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Anisotropic singular Neumann equations with unbalanced growth

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Papageorgiou, Nikolaos S. Rădulescu, Vicenţiu D. Repovš, Dušan D. Department of Mathematics National Technical University Zografou Campus Athens15780 Greece Faculty of Applied Mathematics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow30-059 Poland Department of Mathematics University of Craiova Craiova200585 Romania Faculty of Education Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Institute of Mathematics Physics and Mechanics Ljubljana1000 Slovenia

We consider a nonlinear parametric Neumann problem driven by the anisotropic (p, q)Laplacian and a reaction which exhibits the combined effects of a singular term and of a parametric superlinear perturbation. We are looking for positive solutions. Using a combination of topological and variational tools together with suitable truncation and comparison techniques, we prove a bifurcation-type result describing the set of positive solutions as the positive parameter λ varies. We also show the existence of minimal positive solutions u∗λ and determine the monotonicity and continuity properties of the map λ ↦ u∗λMSC Codes 35J75, 35J60, 35J20 Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anisotropy

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Broadband Corrugated Modified Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave based Imaging Applications 24

Broadband Corrugated Modified Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave ...

引用

24th International Conference on computer and Information technology, ICCIT 2021

作者： Talukder, Md Siam Samsuzzaman, Md Paul, Liton Chandra Masud, Md Abdul Azim, Rezaul Moniruzzaman, Md Patuakhali Science and Technology University Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Patuakhali Bangladesh Pabna University of Science and Technology Dept. of ElectricalElectronic and Communication Engineering Pabna Bangladesh University of Chittagong Dept. of Physics Chittagong Bangladesh Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Dept. of ElectricalElectronic and Systems Engineering Bangi Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665494359

This paper explored a Broadband Corrugated Modified Vivaldi Antenna for head imaging applications using microwaves. The antenna is made up of a tapered feeding circular slotted patch and a rectangular modified wing shape ground with an electrical dimension of $0.49\lambda\times 0.41\lambda\times 0.009\lambda$ at lower frequency of 1.67 GHz. Front and back radiator are placed on a substrate of FR-4 material having a permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.5 mm, which are less expensive and more widely accessible. The designed antenna works between 1.67 and 6.37 GHz, allowing the imaging system to function over a large fractional bandwidth of about 116.92 %. With an appropriate impedance matching and a directionally stable radiation characteristics, the antenna has a decent gain of 9 dBi. A 50$\Omega$ microstrip line feeds the antenna. The simulation tools CST was used to evolve and optimize the design. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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Profit maximization of a wind-integrated deregulated system using V2G techniques and TCSC placement

引用

Frontiers in Energy Research 2024年 12卷

作者： Dawn, Subhojit Ramakrishna, A. Ramesh, M. Das, Shreya Shree Rao, K. Dhananjay Cali, Umit Ustun, Taha Selim Electrical and Electronics Engineering Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College Vijayawada India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vardhaman College of Engineering Hyderabad India Computer Science and Engineering Department Spoorthy Engineering College Hyderabad India School of Electronics Engineering VIT-AP University Amaravati India Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway School of Physics Engineering and Technology University of York York United Kingdom Koriyama Japan

Profit maximization is crucial for both producers and customers in power grids, particularly in deregulated energy markets. By focusing on profit maximization measures, power grids can improve economic viability and sustainability for all stakeholders. The growing demand for electricity in modern civilization poses a significant challenge to the power grid’s ability to meet it. To address these difficulties, the power industry is attempting to integrate renewable sources into existing power facilities. Because of its unpredictable character, the presence of renewable energy in the electricity system becomes increasingly important and adds complexity to the grid. Given the intermittent nature of renewable sources, an energy storage device is required in this scenario. During the low-power use phase, the grid has ample power. Meanwhile, energy storage devices can be utilized to store extra power in the low power demand phase while maintaining the safety and stability of the power network during peak demand periods. V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) technology is commonly employed to address the uncertainty of renewable resources while maintaining system stability. By using automobiles as transportable storage devices, V2G can make the best use of excess electricity during low-energy hours. Wind energy’s volatility causes imbalances, lowering system profitability. With wind energy integration, power system profitability can be improved by analyzing uncertainties and employing mitigation strategies. To overcome the issue, the research optimizes the use of V2G and TCSC (thyristor-controlled series compensator). V2G permits bidirectional power flow, lowering imbalance pricing (IP) while considering power demand. TCSC can increase the transient stability of transmission lines, hence reducing line faults. TCSC’s involvement in the system increases profitability by lowering congestion expenses. Strategic TCSC placement increases overall profitability. The approach strives to offer effic

关键词： Thyristors

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Null energy condition violation during inflation and pulsar timing array observations

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Ye, Gen Zhu, Mian Cai, Yong School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou450001 China Institute Lorentz Leiden University P.O. Box 9506 Leiden2300 RA Netherlands Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Krakow30-348 Poland

Recently, evidence of stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) signals observed by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, has prompted investigations into their origins. We explore the compatibility of a proposed inflationary scenario, incorporating an intermediate null energy condition (NEC)-violating phase, with the PTA observations. The NEC violation potentially amplifies the primordial tensor power spectrum, offering a promising explanation for PTA observations. Numerical analyses, primarily focused on NANOGrav's 15-year results, reveal the model's compatibility with PTA data. Notably, the model predicts a nearly scale-invariant GW spectrum in the mHz frequency range, which sets our scenario apart from other interpretations predicting a red primordial GW spectrum on smaller scales. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pulsars

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