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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kolodziej, Magdalena Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland

The major advantage of proton therapy over conventional radiotherapy is the dose deposition pattern: unlike X-rays, protons are entirely stopped in patient’s tissues with a distinct maximum of energy deposition at the end of their range, the Bragg peak. This enables precise coverage of the tumour volume while sparing nearby healthy tissues. However, accurate control of the proton beam range online during patient irradiation is still considered a challenge. Thus, there are extensive efforts to develop a detector capable of in vivo beam range monitoring for proton therapy, among them, the coded-mask gamma camera developed by the SiFi-CC group. The assembly of this detector, as well as its first test under clinical conditions, are the subject of this thesis. The detector consists of a structured collimator made of tungsten, and a stack of thin, elongated scintillation fibres, read out at both ends by silicon photomultipliers. Such a design allows for efficient detection of prompt gammas and reconstruction of a prompt gamma depth profile, which is strongly correlated with the proton beam range. The readout system for the detector was selected in an extensive comparison study of five different systems. After detector assembly, the detector was tested under clinical conditions: a phantom was irradiated with proton beams of energies from 70.51 MeV to 108.15 MeV, the detector response was processed with low-level reconstruction software, and the maximum-likelihood expectation maximisation algorithm was applied to reconstruct the prompt-gamma depth profiles (images). The distal falloff positions of these profiles were determined and compared with the calculated proton ranges. The image reconstruction parameters were optimised in terms of accuracy of proton range shift determination. The results obtained were checked against a Geant4 simulation, showing good consistency. The statistical precision was found to be 1.7 mm for 108 protons for a reference position close to the cen

关键词： Proton beam therapy

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Is Blockchain for Internet of Medical Things a Panacea for COVID-19 Pandemic?

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Xuran Tao, Bishenghui Dai, Hong-Ning Imran, Muhammad Wan, Dehuan Li, Dengwang Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing School of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Shandong Jinan China Faculty of Information Technology Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China College of Applied Computer Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Guangdong University of Finance Guangzhou China

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced the lifestyle of the general public and the healthcare system of the society. As a promising approach to address the emerging challenges caused by the epidemic of infectious diseases like COVID-19, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) deployed in hospitals, clinics, and healthcare centers can save the diagnosis time and improve the efficiency of medical resources though privacy and security concerns of IoMT stall the wide adoption. In order to tackle the privacy, security, and interoperability issues of IoMT, we propose a framework of blockchain-enabled IoMT by introducing blockchain to incumbent IoMT systems. In this paper, we review the benefits of this architecture and illustrate the opportunities brought by blockchain-enabled IoMT. We also provide use cases of blockchain-enabled IoMT on fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic, including the prevention of infectious diseases, location sharing and contact tracing, and the supply chain of injectable medicines. We also outline future work in this area. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Blockchain

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Normalization and scatter corrections for the J-PET scanner

Normalization and scatter corrections for the J-PET scanner

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： A. Coussat W. Krzemień J. Baran S. Parzych L. Raczyński N. Chug C. Curceanu E. Czerwiński M. Dadgar K. Dulski J. Gajewski B. Hiesmayr K. Valsan Eliyan A. Jędruszczak K. Kacprzak A. Gajos T. Kaplanoglu L. Kapłon K. Klimaszewski T. Kozik G. Lapkiewicz G. Korcyl S. Moyo D. Kumar W. Mryka S. Niedźwiecki S. Sharma E. Pérez Del Río S. Shivani R. Shopa P. Tanty M. Skurzok K. Tayefi F. Tayefi E. Stępień W. Wiślicki P. Moskal Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland Center for Theranostics Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland Laborati Nazionali di Frascati INFI Frascati Italy Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Complex Systems National Center for Nuclear Research Poland

The Jagiellonian PET scanner is a cost-effective large axial FOV Positron Emission Tomography technology that enables multi-photon imaging and is currently under development at the Jagiellonian university. The current 50 cm prototype, named "Modular J-PET", is being investigated for various applications. It is well known that PET data can be affected by several effects during acquisition, such as scattered gamma photons or variations in detection efficiency. Consequently, achieving the reconstruction of images of satisfactory quality requires a set of corrections to be applied to each line-of-response. This summary discusses the implementation and performance of scatter and normalization corrections for the Modular J-PET, and their extension prior to the assembly of a total-body Jagiellonian PET scanner. Normalization correction is achieved using component-based normalization, a method particularly suitable for large scanners with a high number of lines-of-response. Scatter correction is achieved using an extension of the single scatter simulation technique that incorporates time-of-flight information. Reconstruction of reference phantoms based on Monte Carlo simulations highlight improvements in image quality. The application of normalization reduces the non-uniformity in the reconstructed image by a factor of 10 in the axial direction and 2 in the radial direction.

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The Model of the Multilayer Blood-Filled Biological Tissue

The Model of the Multilayer Blood-Filled Biological Tissue

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2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2021

作者： Mamilov, Serhii Bekh, Igor Bekh, Elizabeth Institute of Applied Problems of Physics and Biophysics of NAS of Ukraine Department of Biotechnical Systems Kyiv Ukraine Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Faculty of Radiophysics Electronics and Computer Systems Kyiv Ukraine Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Faculty of Computer Science and Cybernetics Kyiv Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9781665401265

The aim of this work is to create an algorithm for the analysis of light absorption in the layers of biological tissue and its software implementation. During the work based on the iterative Monte Carlo method, an algorithm was developed and implemented to calculate the fraction of light power (with a given number of particles, for three different wavelengths) absorbed during the passage through a multilayer blood-filled biological tissue. It is shown that the algorithm created and implemented in this work is quite suitable for use to calculate the amount of absorbed power of the photons, and with minor modifications - and to record the actual events of absorption and scattering. The algorithm takes into account refraction and loss during transitions between different layers of the environment, which repeats the real physical features of the fabric. For wavelengths of 550 nm, 600 nm and 850 nm in environments such as epidermis and dermis absorption is significant, and in venous blood, arterial blood and subcutaneous layer - the least. For a wave 550 nm long, a large power of photons absorbed in the bone should be noted. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Photons

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Fluctuation-dissipation relations for thermodynamic distillation processes

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Physical Review E 2022年第5期105卷 054127-054127页

作者： Tanmoy Biswas A. de Oliveira Junior Michał Horodecki Kamil Korzekwa International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80-308 Gdańsk Poland Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University 30-348 Kraków Poland

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a fundamental result in statistical physics that establishes a connection between the response of a system subject to a perturbation and the fluctuations associated with observables in equilibrium. Here we derive its version within a resource-theoretic framework, where one investigates optimal quantum state transitions under thermodynamic constraints. More precisely, we first characterize optimal thermodynamic distillation processes, and then we prove a relation between the amount of free energy dissipated in such processes and the free-energy fluctuations of the initial state of the system. Our results apply to initial states given by either asymptotically many identical pure systems or an arbitrary number of independent energy-incoherent systems, and they allow not only for a state transformation but also for the change of Hamiltonian. The fluctuation-dissipation relations we derive enable us to find the optimal performance of thermodynamic protocols such as work extraction, information erasure, and thermodynamically free communication, up to second-order asymptotics in the number N of processed systems. We thus provide a first rigorous analysis of these thermodynamic protocols for quantum states with coherence between different energy eigenstates in the intermediate regime of large but finite N.

关键词： Quantum thermodynamics Resource theories

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The Technical Ethics used in Bad and SD Methods: A Deep Review

The Technical Ethics used in Bad and SD Methods: A Deep Revi...

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Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE), International Conference on

作者： Aadithyan Ammar Hameed Shnain Vikrant Sharma Alaa M. Lafta Mustafa Mudhafar Ali Ghobash Ahmed Qusay Jawad Department of computer applications Hindustan institute of technology and science Department of computers Techniques engineering College of technical engineering The Islamic university Najaf Iraq Department of CSE Graphic Era Hill University Adjunct Professor Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand College of Technical Engineering National University of Science and Technology Dhi Qar Iraq Department of Medical Physics Faculty of Mediscal Applied Sciences University of Kerbala Karbala Iraq Computer Engineer Department Al-kunooze University College Basra Iraq Departmen of Electrical Engineering Technologies Kut University College/Wasit Iraq

ISBN: (数字)9798350360165

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360172

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the process by which human-designed systems analyse available data and make judgements based on predetermined criteria in order to accomplish particular objectives. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked a deep ethical conversation among key players, including tech companies, businesses, educational institutions, and legislators. AI’s ethical problems have prompted the creation of ethical frameworks that aim to control its application for the good of society, the defence of human rights, and the maintenance of individual autonomy and privacy. This paper provides a critical evaluation and summary of the fundamental concepts behind the use of artificial intelligence, with a focus on the GDPR’s (General Data Protection Regulation) approach. The rights of data subjects, data protection legislation, and data subjects’ permission are crucial considerations in the context of “privacy by design.”

关键词： Ethics Privacy Reviews Oral communication Companies Systems engineering and theory Maintenance

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An Optimizing Method for Performance and ResourceUtilization in Quantum Machine Learning Circuits

Research Square

引用

Research Square 2022年

作者： Salehi, Tahereh Zomorodi, Mariam Plawiak, Pawel Abbaszade, Mina Salari, Vahid Department of Computer Engineering Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications Cracow University of Technology Krakow Poland Theoretical and Applied Informatics Polish Academy of Sciences Gliwice Poland Department of Physics Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan84156-83111 Iran Bilbao Spain Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University WashingtonDC20059 United States

Quantum computing is a new and advanced topic that refers to calculations based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It makes certain kinds of problems be solved easier compared to classical computers. This advantage of quantum computing can be used to implement many existing problems in different fields incredibly effectively. One important field that quantum computing has shown great results in machine learning. Until now, many different quantum algorithms have been presented to perform different machine learning approaches. In some special cases, the execution time of these quantum algorithms will be reduced exponentially compared to the classical ones. But at the same time, with increasing data volume and computation time, taking care of systems to prevent unwanted interactions with the environment can be a daunting task and since these algorithms work on machine learning problems, which usually includes big data, their implementation is very costly in terms of quantum resources. Here, in this paper, we have proposed an approach to reduce the cost of quantum circuits and to optimize quantum machine learning circuits in particular. To reduce the number of resources used, in this paper an approach including different optimization algorithms is considered. Our approach is used to optimize quantum machine learning algorithms for big data. In this case, the optimized circuits run quantum machine learning algorithms in less time than the original ones and by preserving the original functionality. Our approach improves the number of quantum gates by 10.7% and 14.9% in different circuits and the number of time steps is reduced by three and 15 units, respectively. This is the amount of reduction for one iteration of a given sub-circuit U in the main circuit. For cases where this sub-circuit is repeated more times in the main circuit, the optimization rate is increased. Therefore, by applying the proposed method to circuits with big data, both cost and performance are

关键词： Big data

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Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticle on PEMA-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte

引用

Macromolecular Symposia 2023年第1期407卷 2200121-2200121页

作者： Singh, Palvinder Sachdeva, Amit Bhargava, Cherry Kakroo, Sunanda Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali140413 India School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara144411 India Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Symbiosis Institute of Technology Maharashtra Pune India Department of Physics Faculty of Science Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia

The key goals in developing electrolytes for batteries and solar panels are mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, leakage resistance, and safety. To improve ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, a PEMA-based electrolyte with potassium iodide as salt, ethylene carbonate as plasticizer, and nanofillers is used. To make a thin polymer matrix film, a solution casting approach is used. PEMA+40% wt. KI+60% wt. EC has a maximum ionic conductivity of 4.65×10−5 S cm-1 when measured using the LC method. After adding CNT, the conductivity of this sample reaches 2.95×10−3 S cm-1. Scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the surface morphology and crystallinity determined by XRD measurements. FTIR research verifies the existence of several components in solid polymer electrolyte. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Ionic conductivity

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Leveraging off higher plant phylogenetic insights for antiplasmodial drug discovery

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2023年第1期13卷 382-399页

作者： Phanankosi Moyo Luke Invernizzi Sephora M.Mianda Wiehan Rudolph Warren A.Andayi Mingxun Wang Neil R.Crouch Vinesh J.Maharaj Biodiscovery Center Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPrivate Bag X 20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Murang’a University of TechnologyMurang’aKenya Computer Science and Engineering University of California Riverside900 University AveRiversideCA 92521USA Biodiversity Research and Monitoring Directorate South African National Biodiversity InstituteBerea RoadP.O.Box 52099Durban 4007South Africa School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4041South Africa

The antimalarial drug-resistance conundrum which threatens to reverse the great strides taken to curb the malaria scourge warrants an urgent need to find novel chemical scaffolds to serve as templates for the development of new antimalarial *** represent a viable alternative source for the discovery of unique potential antiplasmodial chemical *** expedite the discovery of new antiplasmodial compounds from plants,the aim of this study was to use phylogenetic analysis to identify higher plant orders and families that can be rationally prioritised for antimalarial drug *** queried the PubMed database for publications documenting antiplasmodial properties of natural compounds isolated from higher ***,we manually collated compounds reported along with plant species of origin and relevant pharmacological *** systematically assigned antiplasmodial-associated plant species into recognised families and orders,and then computed the resistance index,selectivity index and physicochemical properties of the compounds from each taxonomic *** the generated phylogenetic trees and the biological data of each clade allowed for the identification of 3‘hot’plant orders and *** top 3 ranked plant orders were the(i)Caryophyllales,(ii)Buxales,and(iii)*** top 3 ranked plant families were the(i)Ancistrocladaceae,(ii)Simaroubaceae,and(iii)*** highly active natural compounds(IC_(50)≤1μM)isolated from these plant orders and families are structurally unique to the‘legacy’antimalarial *** study was able to identify the most prolific taxa at order and family rank that we propose be prioritised in the search for potent,safe and drug-like antimalarial molecules.

关键词： Natural products Plants Phylogenetics Malaria Drug-resistance ‘Hot’plants

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Min orderings and list homomorphism dichotomies for signed and unsigned graphs

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Bok, Jan Brewster, Richard C. Hell, Pavol Jedličková, Nikola Rafiey, Arash Computer Science Institute Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Department of Mathematics and Statistics Thompson Rivers University Canada School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University Canada Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Mathematics and Computer Science Indiana State University Terre HauteIN United States

The CSP dichotomy conjecture has been recently established, but a number of other dichotomy questions remain open, including the dichotomy classification of list homomorphism problems for signed graphs. Signed graphs arise naturally in many contexts, including for instance nowhere-zero flows for graphs embedded in non-orientable surfaces. For a fixed signed graph Hb, the list homomorphism problem asks whether an input signed graph Ĝ with lists L(v) ⊆ V (Ĥ ), v ∈ V (Ĝ), admits a homomorphism f to Ĥ with all f(v) ∈ L(v), v ∈ V (Ĝ). Usually, a dichotomy classification is easier to obtain for list homomorphisms than for homomorphisms, but in the context of signed graphs a structural classification of the complexity of list homomorphism problems has not even been conjectured, even though the classification of the complexity of homomorphism problems is known. Kim and Siggers have conjectured a structural classification in the special case of "weakly balanced" signed graphs. We confirm their conjecture for reflexive and irreflexive signed graphs;this generalizes previous results on weakly balanced signed trees, and weakly balanced separable signed graphs [2,1]. In the reflexive case, the result was first presented in [18], with the proof using some of our results included in this paper. In fact, here we present our full proof, as an alternative to the proof in [18]. In particular, we provide direct polynomial algorithms where previously algorithms relied on general dichotomy theorems. The irreflexive results are new, and their proof depends on first deriving a theorem on extensions of min orderings of (unsigned) bipartite graphs, which is interesting on its own. In both cases the dichotomy classification depends on a result linking the absence of certain structures called chains and invertible pairs to the existence of a so-called special min ordering. The structures are used to prove the NP-completeness and the ordering is used to design polynomial algorithms. We also des

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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