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Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane

science 2023年第6652期380卷 1338-1343页

作者： IceCube Collaboration R. Abbasi M. Ackermann J. Adams J. A. Aguilar M. Ahlers M. Ahrens J. M. Alameddine A. A. Alves N. M. Amin K. Andeen T. Anderson G. Anton C. Argüelles Y. Ashida S. Athanasiadou S. Axani X. Bai A. Balagopal V. S. W. Barwick V. Basu S. Baur R. Bay J. J. Beatty K.-H. Becker J. Becker Tjus J. Beise C. Bellenghi S. Benda S. BenZvi D. Berley E. Bernardini D. Z. Besson G. Binder D. Bindig E. Blaufuss S. Blot M. Boddenberg F. Bontempo J. Y. Book J. Borowka S. Böser O. Botner J. Böttcher E. Bourbeau F. Bradascio J. Braun B. Brinson S. Bron J. Brostean-Kaiser R. T. Burley R. S. Busse M. A. Campana E. G. Carnie-Bronca C. Chen Z. Chen D. Chirkin K. Choi B. A. Clark K. Clark L. Classen A. Coleman G. H. Collin A. Connolly J. M. Conrad P. Coppin P. Correa D. F. Cowen R. Cross C. Dappen P. Dave C. De Clercq J. J. DeLaunay D. Delgado López H. Dembinski K. Deoskar A. Desai P. Desiati K. D. de Vries G. de Wasseige T. DeYoung A. Diaz J. C. Díaz-Vélez M. Dittmer H. Dujmovic M. Dunkman M. A. DuVernois T. Ehrhardt P. Eller R. Engel H. Erpenbeck J. Evans P. A. Evenson K. L. Fan A. R. Fazely A. Fedynitch N. Feigl S. Fiedlschuster A. T. Fienberg C. Finley L. Fischer D. Fox A. Franckowiak E. Friedman A. Fritz P. Fürst T. K. Gaisser J. Gallagher E. Ganster A. Garcia S. Garrappa L. Gerhardt A. Ghadimi C. Glaser T. Glauch T. Glüsenkamp N. Goehlke A. Goldschmidt J. G. Gonzalez S. Goswami D. Grant T. Grégoire S. Griswold C. Günther P. Gutjahr C. Haack A. Hallgren R. Halliday L. Halve F. Halzen M. Ha Minh K. Hanson J. Hardin A. A. Harnisch A. Haungs K. Helbing F. Henningsen E. C. Hettinger S. Hickford J. Hignight C. Hill G. C. Hill K. D. Hoffman K. Hoshina W. Hou F. Huang M. Huber T. Huber K. Hultqvist M. Hünnefeld R. Hussain K. Hymon S. In N. Iovine A. Ishihara M. Jansson G. S. Japaridze M. Jeong M. Jin B. J. P. Jones D. Kang W. Kang X. Kang A. Kappes D. Kappesser L. Kardum T. Karg M. Karl A. Karle U. Katz M. Kauer M. Kellermann J. L. Kelley A. Kheirandish K. Kin J. Kiryluk S. R. Klein A. Kochocki R. Koirala H. Kolanoski T. Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL 60660 USA. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron D-15738 Zeuthen Germany. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand. Université Libre de Bruxelles Science Faculty CP230 B-1050 Brussels Belgium. Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark. Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden. Department of Physics TU Dortmund University D-44221 Dortmund Germany. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Astroparticle Physics D-76021 Karlsruhe Germany. Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA. Department of Physics Marquette University Milwaukee WI 53201 USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 S-75120 Uppsala Sweden. Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg D-91058 Erlangen Germany. Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA. Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 USA. Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Physics Department South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD 57701 USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA. Department of Physics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Department of Astronomy Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA. Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA. Department of Physics University of Wuppertal D-42119 Wuppertal Germany. Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie Ruhr-Universität Bochum D-44780 Bochum Germany. Physik-department Technische Unive

The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, is unknown. Because of deflection by interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays produced within the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, cosmic rays interact with matter near their sources and during propagation, which produces high-energy neutrinos. We searched for neutrino emission using machine learning techniques applied to 10 years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By comparing diffuse emission models to a background-only hypothesis, we identified neutrino emission from the Galactic plane at the 4.5s level of significance. The signal is consistent with diffuse emission of neutrinos from the Milky Way but could also arise from a population of unresolved point sources.

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Analytical approximate solutions for scalarized AdS black holes

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Zou, De-Cheng Meng, Bo Zhang, Ming Li, Sheng-Yuan Lai, Meng-Yun Myung, Yun Soo Center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou225009 China Faculty of Science Xi'an Aeronautical University Xi'An710077 China College of Physics and Communication Electronics Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang330022 China Institute of Basic Sciences Department of Computer Simulation Inje University Gimhae50834 Korea Republic of

The spontaneous scalarization of Schwarzscild-AdS is investigated in the Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet (ESGB) theory. Firstly, we construct scalarized AdS black holes numerically. Secondly, making use of the homotopy analysis method (HAM), we obtain analytical approximate solutions for scalarized AdS black holes in the ESGB theory. It is found that scalarized AdS black holes constructed numerically are consistent with analytical approximate solutions in the whole space. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Black holes

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Research on Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimal Control Used for Occupant-Centric Smart Lighting Systems

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Ning, Chenguang Shen, Dongdong Dong, Yanzhi Wang, Yingjie Duan, Peiyong School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong Normal University Jinan250014 China School of Physics and Electronic Information Yantai University Yantai264005 China School of Computer and Control Engineering Yantai University Yantai264005 China Faculty of Electronics Electrical and Control Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan250353 China

In order to reduce energy consumption of the lighting system and improve the visual comfort of occupants in the illuminated area, it is essential to effectively and precisely control the illumination of the luminaires. The smart lighting systems can utilize the occupant's positional data to adjust lamps switching, leading to a significant decrease in energy consumption and an enhancement in illumination comfort. However, there are still several challenges associated with achieving precise and non-invasive multi-person positioning for smart lighting systems, and the implementation of the Occupant-Centric Smart Lighting System (OCSLS) is still pending. In this paper, using 3D reconstruction of human keypoints extracted from multi-view video, the robust positioning algorithm for multi-person is proposed. The algorithm achieves a positioning error of less than 0.3 meters by combining the constraints of epipolar geometry and the appearance characteristics of occupants for multi-view matching. Subsequently, a novel fine-grained model of the OCSLS is proposed through the integration of the Illumination Demand Matrix (IDM), which is derived from the distribution of occupant position, and the Illumination Supply Matrix Library (ISML), which is based on the characteristics of lighting area luminaires. Using the OCSLS model proposed in this study, the Occupant-Centric Control (OCC) strategy is constructed through the optimization algorithm based on the autoencoder and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. A verification platform has been created, and the experimental results indicate a decrease in the energy usage of the lighting system by over 40%. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nearest neighbor search

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Thermalization at the femtoscale seen in high-energy Pb+Pb collisions

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Samanta, Rupam Bhatta, Somadutta Jia, Jiangyong Luzum, Matthew Ollitrault, Jean-Yves AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science aleja Mickiewicza 30 Cracow30-059 Poland Université Paris Saclay CNRS CEA Institut de physique théorique Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11976 United States Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão 1371 Butantã São Paulo05508-090 Brazil

A collision between two atomic nuclei accelerated at a speed close to that of light creates a dense system of quarks and gluons. Interactions among them are so strong that they behave collectively like a droplet of fluid of ten-femtometer size, which expands into the vacuum and eventually fragments into thousands of particles. We report a new manifestation of thermalization in recent data from the Large Hadron Collider. Our analysis is based on results from the ATLAS Collaboration, which has measured the variance of the momentum per particle across Pb+Pb collision events with the same particle multiplicity. This variance decreases steeply over a narrow multiplicity range corresponding to central collisions. We provide a simple explanation of this newly-observed phenomenon: For a given multiplicity, the momentum per particle increases with increasing impact parameter. Since a larger impact parameter goes along with a smaller collision volume, this in turn implies that the momentum per particle increases as a function of density, which is a generic consequence of thermalization. Our analysis provides the first direct evidence of this phenomenon at the femtoscale. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Momentum

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Vertex deletion into bipartite permutation graphs 15

Vertex deletion into bipartite permutation graphs

引用

15th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation, IPEC 2020

作者： Bożyk, Lukasz Derbisz, Jan Krawczyk, Tomasz Novotná, Jana Okrasa, Karolina Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Mechanics University of Warsaw Poland Theoretical Computer Science Department Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science Warsaw University of Technology Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783959771726

A permutation graph can be defined as an intersection graph of segments whose endpoints lie on two parallel lines `1 and `2, one on each. A bipartite permutation graph is a permutation graph which is bipartite. In this paper we study the parameterized complexity of the bipartite permutation vertex deletion problem, which asks, for a given n-vertex graph, whether we can remove at most k vertices to obtain a bipartite permutation graph. This problem is NP-complete by the classical result of Lewis and Yannakakis [17]. We analyze the structure of the so-called almost bipartite permutation graphs which may contain holes (large induced cycles) in contrast to bipartite permutation graphs. We exploit the structural properties of the shortest hole in a such graph. We use it to obtain an algorithm for the bipartite permutation vertex deletion problem with running time f(k)nO(1), and also give a polynomial-time 9-approximation algorithm. © Lukasz Bożyk, Jan Derbisz, Tomasz Krawczyk, Jana Novotná, and Karolina Okrasa

关键词： Graphic methods

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Heider balance of a chain of actors as dependent on the interaction range and a thermal noise

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Malarz, Krzysztof Kulakowski, Krzysztof AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Krakw30-059 Poland

The Heider balance is investigated in a chain of actors, with periodic boundary conditions and the neighborhood of range r, with r as a parameter. Two model dynamics are applied: a deterministic cellular automaton (Malarz et al, Physica D 411 (2020) 132556) and the heat-bath algorithm, with the density of unbalanced-balanced triads in the role of energy. The outcome is a spectrum of energy in stationary and blinking states and a balanced-unbalanced network transition driven by thermal noise. The critical point Tc increases with the range r and it does not depend on the system size. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal noise

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Chemically peculiar stars on the pre-main sequence

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kueß, Lukas Paunzen, E. Faltová, N. Jadlovský, D. Labaj, M. Mesarč, M. Mondal, P. Prišegen, M. Ramezani, T. Supíková, J. Svačinková, K. Vítková, M. Xia, C. Bernhard, K. Hümmerich, S. Department of Astrophysics Vienna University Türkenschanzstraße 17 Vienna1180 Austria Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 Brno611 37 Czech Republic Advanced Technologies Research Institute Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bottova 25 Trnava917 24 Slovakia Institute of Computer Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic Cambridge United States Berlin Germany

Context. The chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper main sequence are defined by spectral peculiarities that indicate unusual elemental abundance patterns in the presence of diffusion in the calm, stellar atmospheres. Some of them have a stable local magnetic field of up to several kiloGauss. The pre-main-sequence evolution of these objects is still a mystery and contains many open questions. Aims. We identify CP stars on the pre-main sequence to determine possible mechanisms that lead to the occurrence of chemical peculiarities in the (very) early stages of stellar evolution. Methods. We identified likely pre-main-sequence stars by fitting the spectral energy distributions. The subsequent analysis using stellar spectra and photometric time series helped us to distinguish between CP and non-CP stars. Additionally, we compared our results to the literature to provide the best possible quality assessment. Results. Out of 45 candidates, about 70 % seem to be true CP stars or CP candidates. Furthermore, 9 sources appear to be CP stars on the pre-main sequence, and all are magnetic. We finally report a possible CP2 star that is also a pre-main-sequence star and was not previously in the literature. Conclusions. The evolution of the peculiarities seems to be related to the (strong) magnetic fields in these CP2 stars. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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Recent results on correlations and fluctuations in pp, p+Pb, Pb+Pb and Xe+Xe collisions from the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC 39

Recent results on correlations and fluctuations in pp, p+Pb,...

引用

39th International Conference on High Energy physics, ICHEP 2018

作者： Przybycien, Mariusz Agh University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Al. Mickiewicza 30 Cracow30-059 Poland

The azimuthal anisotropies of particle yields observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been traditionally considered as a strong evidence of the formation of a de-confined quark-gluon plasma produced in these collisions. However multiple recent measurements from the LHC experiments in pp and p+Pb systems show similar features as those observed in Pb+Pb collisions, indicating the possibility of the production of such a de-confined medium also in smaller collision systems. This report presents a comprehensive summary of recent ATLAS measurements in pp and p+Pb collisions as well as in Pb+Pb and Xe+Xe collisions. It includes measurements of two-particle hadron-hadron correlations in Df and Dh, with a template fitting procedure used to subtract the dijet contributions. Measurements of multi-particle cumulants using the standard cumulant method as well as a new sub-event cumulant method that suppresses the contribution of non-flow effects are discussed. Studies of longitudinal flow decorrelation and correlations between flow harmonics and mean pT of the event in Pb+Pb collisions are presented to provide deeper insight into details of the geometry of the initial state. First results on flow harmonic measurements from Xe+Xe collisions are also discussed. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Hadrons

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Transverse momentum fluctuation in ultra-central Pb+Pb collision at the LHC

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Samanta, Rupam Bhatta, Somadutta Jia, Jiangyong Luzum, Matthew Ollitrault, Jean-Yves AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science aleja Mickiewicza 30 Cracow30-059 Poland Université Paris Saclay CNRS CEA Institut de Physique Théorique Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11976 United States Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão 1371 Butantã São Paulo05508-090 Brazil

The ATLAS collaboration has recently observed that the variance of the transverse momentum per particle ([pt]), when measured as a function of the collision multiplicity (Nch) in Pb+Pb collisions, decreases by a factor 2 for the largest values of Nch, corresponding to ultra-central collisions. We show that this phenomenon is naturally explained by invoking impact parameter (b) fluctuations, which contribute to the variance, and gradually disappear in ultra-central collisions. It implies that Nch and [pt] are strongly correlated at fixed b, which is explained by the local thermalization of the QGP medium. © 2023, CC BY.

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Modelling excess mortality in covid-19-like epidemics

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Burda, Zdzislaw AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Krakow30-059 Poland

We discuss a stochastic model to assess cumulative excess deaths during Covid-19-like epidemics for various non-pharmaceutic interventions. The model simulates three interrelated stochastic processes: epidemic spreading, availability of respiratory ventilators and changes in death statistics. Epidemic may spread either locally or globally. The local mode simulates virus transmission through contacts in the vicinity of the place of residence while the global mode simulates virus transmission through social mixing in public places, sport arenas, airports, etc, where many people meet, who live in remote geographic locations. Epidemic is modelled as a discrete time stochastic process on random geometric networks. In the simulations we assume that the basic reproduction number is R0 = 2.5 and the infectious period lasts ca. ten days. We also assume that the virus leads to severe acute respiratory syndrome in about one percent of cases, which in turn almost surely lead to respiratory default and death, unless the patient receives an appropriate medical treatment supported by respiratory ventilation. For other parameters, like mortality rate or the number of respiratory ventilators per million of inhabitants, we take values typical for developed countries. We simulate populations of 105 − 106 people. We compare different strategies: do-nothing, social distancing, reduction of social mixing and lockdown, assuming that there is no vaccine and no efficient medicine. The results of the simulations show that strategies that slow down the spread of epidemic too much are inefficient in reducing the cumulative excess of deaths. A hybrid strategy in which lockdown is in place for some time and is then completely released is inefficient as well. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Epidemiology

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