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A review of hydrogen production from bio-energy, technologies and assessments

Energy Harvesting and Systems 2024年第1期11卷

作者： Hassan, Qusay Hafedh, Saadoon Abdul Mohammed, Hussein Burhan Abdulrahman, Imad Saeed Salman, Hayder M. Jaszczur, Marek Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Diyala Diyala Iraq Department of Computer Science Al-Turath University College Baghdad Iraq College of Technical Engineering Al-Farahidi University Baghdad Iraq Faculty of Energy and Fuels AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

The earth natural carrying capacity is being surpassed, and there is an urgent need to develop new alternatives, notably in regards to energy supplies, carbon dioxide emissions, and nitrogen supplies to the ecosystem. Hydrogen gas, produced from renewable energy by water electrolysis, may serve as a platform molecule for the 21st century low-carbon economy and electrification. The ability to utilise hydrogen metabolic processes is quite diverse, and this offers up a vast array of avenues for innovative biotechnological advancements and applications. A strategy focusing on the major role of hydrogen throughout the production of bio-based foundational element compounds through the hydrocarbon pathway would avoid the inherent low economic value of hydrocarbons in favour of products with greater value. Furthermore, hydrogen could serve as a crucial carbon-neutral source for the manufacture of third-generation proteins while allowing carbon capture and nutritional recovery immediately at the site of emission. Using these methods to deal with the seasonal changes in renewable energy sources makes the use of alternative energy as efficient as possible. The outcomes demonstrated the production technologies of bio-hydrogen is a good way to make renewable hydrogen that is both cost-effective and good for the environment compared to other ways of making hydrogen. © 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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Models of Battle Dynamics in Strategic computer Games 16

Models of Battle Dynamics in Strategic Computer Games

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16th International Conference Management of Large-Scale System Development, MLSD 2023

作者： Laryushin, Ivan Dmitrievich Pashin, Dmitrii Sergeevich Koltochenko, Yaroslav Alekseevich Ereshko, Felix Ivanovich Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics Ras Plasma Physics Department Nizhny Novgorod Russia State University of Nizhny Novgorod Faculty of Physics National Research Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Department of Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems and Optimization Moscow Russia Federal Research Center 'Computer Science and Control' of the Ras Department of Information and Computing Systems Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337907

A set of new models that describe the dynamics of battles in strategic computer games is presented. These models not only have descriptive functions, but also allow solving problems of optimizing army control under given conditions, as well as calculating the most efficient composition of the army for the planned operation within a computer game. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： computer games

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Large-scale green hydrogen production using alkaline water electrolysis based on seasonal solar radiation

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Energy Harvesting and Systems 2024年第1期11卷

作者： Hassan, Qusay Sameen, Aws Zuhair Salman, Hayder M. Jaszczur, Marek Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Diyala Diyala Iraq College of Medical Techniques Al-Farahidi University Baghdad Iraq Department of Computer Science Al-Turath University College Baghdad Iraq Faculty of Energy and Fuels AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

The research study provides a techno-economic analysis for the green hydrogen generation based solar radiation data for both the single and hybrid alkaline water electrolyzer and energy storage system systems. In addition, a carbon footprint study is conducted to estimate the developed system carbon dioxide emissions. The optimal size of the alkaline water electrolyzer and energy storage system is determined by a genetic algorithm that takes into account a carbon tax on carbon emissions. Based on itemized cost estimating findings, unit hydrogen production costs for a single system and a hybrid system were $6.88/kg and $8.32/kg respectively. Furthermore, capital cost it has been found as a key element in determining the optimal scale of the alkaline water electrolyzer and energy storage system, which are essential for minimizing the unit hydrogen production cost. Lastly, an effort to minimize the capital cost of producing green hydrogen is required when the rising trend of the carbon dioxide tax is taken into account. © 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Impact on mental health due to COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh

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Clinical eHealth 2023年第1期6卷 42-52页

作者： Pathan, Refat Khan Biswas, Munmun Yasmin, Suraiya Uddin, Mohammad Amaz Das, Anindya Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin Faruque, M.R.I. Sarker, Moniruzzaman Dept. of Computing and Information Systems School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Selangor Bandar Sunway 47500 Malaysia Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering BGC Trust University Bangladesh Chittagong 4381 Bangladesh Department of Computer and Information Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei - 184-0012 Tokyo Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong 4349 Bangladesh Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong 4349 Bangladesh Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Selangor Bandar Sunway 47500 Malaysia Space Science Centre Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Selangor Bangi Malaysia Department of Marketing Sunway University Business School Sunway University Selangor Bandar Sunway 47500 Malaysia Faculty of Graduate Studies Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City Birulia Savar Dhaka – 1216 Bangladesh

The government of Bangladesh has implemented the “Stay Home” policy following the WHO recommendation to resist the community transmission of Covid-19. As a result, the routine activities of all government, semi-government establishments, including educational institutions, are severely affected, and the country's economic growth becomes slowed down. To overcome such a situation, the relevant authorities have introduced the “Work from Home” policy for the employees and “Remote Education” for students. However, due to the persistence of multi-dimensional socio-economic problems, many employees and students face big challenges in performing their regular jobs while adopting such a policy. Consequently, enormous psychological anxiety has been developed for all people, including students, parents, employees, etc., and concurrently created severe changes in their behavior. This study aims to analyze the reasons for the behavioral changes of the employees, students, academic staff, and family members of different ages due to psychological anxiety, stress, or physical issues. A comprehensive online-based survey has been carried out on people working in various sectors in Bangladesh. A modified Apriori Algorithm has been used to sort out the associations between the causes and types of behavioral changes. Analyzed data revealed a massive human behavioral change in most participants. This finding indicates that the negligence of those significant human behavioral changes may cause a higher risk of creating psychological imbalance. Therefore, there is a need to have a solid understanding of the reasons for the behavioral changes and set up standard guidelines to maintain “Work from Home” in this Covid-19 situation to avoid psychological imbalance. Based on this study, some suggestions have been given for implementation by the government on an urgent basis. © 2023

关键词： Apriori algorithm Behavioral changes Covid-19 outbreak Family crisis Work from home

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Numerical Approach of Laser-Induced Spherical Microcavitation Bubbles: Effect of Enthalpy

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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of sciences: physics 2024年第Suppl 3期88卷 S287-S292页

作者： Ali F. Abu-Bakr Abu-Nab, Ahmed K. AbuShaeer, Zain Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El-Koom32511 Egypt Phystech School of Applied Mathematics and Informatics Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny Moscow141700 Russia Center for Photonics and 2D Materials Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny141700 Russia Department of Basic Science Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology Kafrelsheikh33511 Egypt

Abstract: Over the past decades, interest has increased in studying different techniques to detect the importance of microbubbles in many industrial and medical applications such as mechanisms of hydraulic machinery cavitation erosion, histotripsy, and lithotripsy. The behavior from early irregular oscillations to late regular oscillations of spherical microcavitation bubbles produced by lasers in water was studied by means of plasma photography. Repetition of such delayed oscillations results in quantities of gas/vapour inside the spherical bubbles. Using the modified Gilmore model of cavitation microbubble dynamics, calculations were made for the laser pulse energy, microbubble radius behavior, and microbubble growth rate. Additionally, the pressure evolution inside the bubble, and pressures distribution surrounding of microbubbles in liquid are investigated under the effect of different values of initial cavitation of microbubble radius. The effect of enthalpy is considered into account. The proposed model is solved numerically using numerical techniques as a finite difference method. In addition, the radius of the microbubbles is calculated as a function of time under the influence of the initial radius of these laser-induced microcavitations. Moreover, some physical properties and numerical calculations of the presented mathematical model for cavitation induced by lasers bubbles are deduced, analyzed and investigated. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Cavitation

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Random model of flow decorrelation

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Physical Review C 2023年第2期108卷 024907-024907页

作者： Piotr Bożek Hadi Mehrabpour AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Cracow Poland PRISMA ⁺ Cluster of Excellence & Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 55099 Mainz Germany

The collective flow generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions fluctuates from event to event. The fluctuations lead to a decorrelation of flow vectors measured in separate bins in phase space. These effects have been measured in experiments and observed in numerical simulations in hydrodynamic models. We present a simple random model of flow decorrelation in pseudorapidity. Analytical expressions for the flow factorization breaking coefficients for flow vectors, flow vector magnitudes, and flow angles are derived. The model explains the relations between different factorization breaking coefficients found in experimental data and model simulations. In particular, it is found that the flow angle decorrelation constitutes about one half of the total flow vector decorrelation.

关键词： Collective flow Particle correlations & fluctuations Relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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A Hybrid Deep Model for Brain Tumor Classification

A Hybrid Deep Model for Brain Tumor Classification

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International Conference on Medical Imaging and computer-Aided Diagnosis, MICAD 2021

作者： Ayaz, Hamail Ahmad, Muhammad Tormey, David McLoughlin, Ian Unnikrishnan, Saritha Faculty of Engineering and Design and Centre for Precision Engineering Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute of Technology Sligo Sligo91 YW50 Ireland Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus Chiniot35400 Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Applied Physics Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology Galway Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9789811638794

Classification of brain tumors from Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) using computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) has faced some major challenges. Diagnosis of brain tumors such as glioma, meningioma, and pituitary mostly rely on manual evaluation by neuro-radiologists and is prone to human error and subjectivity. In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been used to improve the accuracy of tumor diagnosis with the expense of intensive pre-processing and computational cost. Therefore, this work proposed a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) (i.e., AlexNet followed by SqueezeNet) to extract quality tumor biomarkers for better performance of the CAD system using brain tumor MRI’s. The features extracted using AlexNet and SqueezeNet are fused to preserve the most important biomarkers in a computationally efficient manner. A total of 3064 brain tumors (708 Meningioma, 1426 Glioma, and 930 Pituitaries) MRIs have been experimented. The proposed model is evaluated using several well-known metrics, i.e., Overall accuracy (94%), Precision (92%), Recall (95%), and F1 score (93%) and outperformed many state of the art hybrid methods. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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Duality of Wave Modulation and Nanotwinning in Ni-Mn-Ga Martensite via Long-Period Commensurate States

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Veřtát, P. Zelený, M. Sozinov, A. Klicpera, M. Fabelo, O. Chulist, R. Vinogradova, M. Sedlák, P. Seiner, H. Heczko, O. Straka, L. FZU Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic Material Physics Laboratory Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT Lappeenranta Finland Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Institut Laue-Langevin Grenoble France Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Understanding the crystal structure of magnetic shape memory alloys is crucial for elucidating their martensite twin boundary supermobility and related functionalities. This study analyzes and discusses the structure of martensitic single crystals of Ni50.0Mn27.7Ga22.3 and Ni50.0Mn28.1Ga21.9. Neutron and X-ray diffraction reveal an anharmonic, incommensurate five-layer modulation that evolves with temperature. This evolution gives rise to two key microstructural features: i) periodic nanodomains, identified as emerging a/b-nanotwins, and ii) long-period commensurate structures, such as the 34O, 24O, and 14O states, whose orthorhombic unit cells inherently realize a/b-nanotwins. Ab initio calculations show that these long-period structures are energetically favorable, leading to a lock-in transition. In the alloys studied, the 24O state is the locked-in phase at low temperatures, whereas literature data indicate that Ni50Mn25Ga25 (exact Ni2MnGa stoichiometry) evolves toward the 14O phase. Crucially, these results unify two seemingly contrasting structural descriptions—wave-like modulation and discrete nanotwinning—thereby establishing a foundation for a deeper understanding of the crystal-structure–functionality relationship in magnetic shape memory alloys. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic shape memory

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Simulated and experimental studies of a multi-band symmetric metamaterial absorber with polarization independence for radar applications

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Chinese physics B 2022年第5期31卷 703-710页

作者： Hema O.Ali Asaad M.Al-Hindawi Yadgar I.Abdulkarim Ekasit Nugoolcharoenlap Tossapol Tippo FatihÖzkan Alkurt Olcay Altintas Muharrem Karaaslan Department of Communication Engineering Sulaimani Polytechnic UniversitySulaimani 46001Iraq Medical Physics Department College of Medicals and Applied ScienceCharmo UniversityChamchamal 46023SulaimaniaIraq Department of Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of EngineeringRajamangala University of Technology RattanakosinPhutthamonthonNakornprathom 73170Thailand Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Iskenderun Technical UniversityHatay 31100Turkey

We develop a simple new design for a multi-band metamaterial absorber(MTMA)for radar *** Simulation technology(CST)Studio Suite 2018 was used for the numerical analysis and absorption *** simulated results show four high peaks at 5.6 GHz,7.6 GHz,10.98 GHz,and 11.29 GHz corresponding to absorption characteristics of 100%,100%,99%,and 99%,***,two different structures were designed and compared with the proposed *** proposed structure remained insensitive for any incident angle and polarization angle from 0°to60°.Moreover,negative constitutive parameters were retrieved *** support the simulated results,the proposed design was fabricated by using a computer numerical control-based printed circuit board prototyping machine and tested experimentally in a microwave *** absorption mechanism of the proposed MTMA is presented through the surface current and electric field *** novelties of the proposed structure are a simple and new design,ease of fabrication,low cost,durability,suitability for real-time applications and long-term stability given the fabrication technique and non-destructive measurement method and very high *** proposed structure has potential applications in C and X band frequency ranges.

关键词： multi-band metamaterials absorber polarization-independent negative parameters

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Development of a Phase-Locked Loop Circuit in Running Frequency Mode for Capacitance-to-Voltage Conversion

Development of a Phase-Locked Loop Circuit in Running Freque...

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International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Tada On-khong Noppadon Sisuk Paramote Wardkein Ratchanoo Katman Kriangsak Prompak Department of Physics Faculty of Science Naresuan University Phitsanulok Thailand Program in Computer Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Phibunsongkhram Rajabhat University Phitsanulok Thailand Department of Telecommunication School of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand Program of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Phibunsongkhram Rajabhat University Phitsanulok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

Capacitance-to-voltage conversion is essential for capacitive sensors in various industries, including touch interfaces, medical devices, and moisture measurement. However, circuit design faces challenges like non-linearity, noise, and small capacitance variations affecting voltage signals. This article proposes a phase-locked loop in free-running oscillator mode with a frequency-to-voltage converter to enhance accuracy and stability. Test results show a 97.9% measurement accuracy, demonstrating reduced noise and improved stability. The proposed circuit is ideal for high-precision applications in diverse environments, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.

关键词： Accuracy Sensitivity Moisture measurement Noise Moisture Capacitance Frequency conversion Circuit stability Phase locked loops Standards

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