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EBSD and TKD analyses using inverted contrast Kikuchi diffraction patterns and alternative measurement geometries

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cios, Grzegorz Winkelmann, Aimo Nolze, Gert Tokarski, Tomasz Jany, Benedykt R. Bala, Piotr Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology AGH University of Krakow al. A. Mickiewicza 30 Krakow30-059 Poland Unter den Eichen 87 Berlin12205 Germany TU Bergakademie Freiberg Institute for Mineralogy Brennhausgasse 14 Freiberg09596 Germany Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Krakow30348 Poland Faculty of Metals and Industrial Computer Science AGH University of Krakow al. A. Mickiewicza 30 Krakow30-059 Poland

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns can exhibit Kikuchi bands with inverted contrast due to anomalous absorption. This can be observed, for example, on samples with nanoscale topography, in case of a low tilt backscattering geometry, or for transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) on thicker samples. Three examples are discussed where contrast-inverted physics-based simulated master patterns have been applied to find the correct crystal orientation. As first EBSD example, self-assembled gold nanostructures made of Au fcc and Au hcp phases on single-crystal germanium were investigated. Gold covered about 12% of the mapped area, with only two thirds being successfully interpreted using standard Hough-based indexing. The remaining third was solved by brute force indexing using a contrast-inverted master pattern. The second EBSD example deals with maps collected at a non-tilted surface instead of the commonly used 70◦ tilted one. As TKD example, a jet-polished foil made of duplex stainless steel 2205 was examined. The thin part close to the hole edge producing normal-contrast patterns were standard indexed. The areas of the foil that become thicker with increasing distance from the edge of the hole produce contrast-inverted patterns. They covered three times the evaluable area and were successfully processed using the contrast-inverted master pattern. In the last example, inverted patterns collected at a non-tiled sample were mathematically inverted to normal contrast, and Hough/Radon-based indexing was successfully applied. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single crystals

Simulations of Cosmic Ray Ensembles originated nearby the Sun 37

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Simulations of Cosmic Ray Ensembles originated nearby the Su...

37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Alvarez-Castillo, David E. Homola, Piotr Gora, Dariusz Opila, Gabriela Medrala, Justyna Poncyljusz, Bożena Sushchov, Oleksandr Beznosko, Dmitriy Budnev, Nikolai Gupta, Alok C. Hnatyk, Bohdan Kasztelan, Marcin Kovacs, Peter Lozowski, Bartosz Medvedev, Mikhail V. Miszczyk, Justyna Mozgova, Alona Nazari, Vahab Niedźwiecki, Michal Pawlik, Maciej Rosas, Matías Rzecki, Krzysztof Smelcerz, Katarzyna Smolek, Karel Stasielak, Jaroslaw Stuglik, Slawomir Svanidze, Manana Tursunov, Arman Verbetsky, Yuri Wibig, Tadeusz Zamora-Saa, Jilberto Bibrzyck, Lukasz Piekarczyk, Marcin Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Radzikowskiego 152 Kraków31-342 Poland Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna141980 Russia Clayton State University MorrowGA United States Irkutsk State University Russia Manora Peak Nainital263001 India Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv04053 Ukraine National Centre for Nuclear Research Andrzeja Soltana 7 Świerk Otwock05-400 Poland Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics Wigner Research Centre for Physics Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33 Budapest1121 Hungary Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Silesia in Katowice Bankowa 9 Katowice40-007 Poland Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas LawrenceKS66045 United States Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications Cracow University of Technology Warszawska 24 Kraków31-155 Poland ACC Cyfronet AGH-UST Kraków30-950 Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewicz Ave. Kraków30-059 Poland Liceo 6 Francisco Bauzá Montevideo Uruguay Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Czech Technical University Prague Czech Republic E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics Tbilisi State University Georgia Research Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Institute of Physics Silesian University in Opava Bezručovo nám. 13 OpavaCZ-74601 Czech Republic University of Lódź Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Pomorska 149/153 Lódź90-236 Poland Universidad Andres Bello Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Avenida Republica 498 Santiago Chile Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Warsaw02-093 Poland Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology Cracow30-059 Poland Pedagogical University of Krakow Institute of Computer Science ul. Podchorażych Kraków3

Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) are yet not observed groups of cosmic rays with a common primary interaction vertex or the same parent particle. One of the processes capable of initiating identifiable CRE is an interaction of an ultra-high energy (UHE) photon with the solar magnetic field which results in an electron pair production and the subsequent synchrotron radiation. The resultant electromagnetic cascade forms a very characteristic line-like front of a very small width (∼ meters), stretching from tens of thousands to even many millions of kilometers. In this contribution we present the results of applying a toy model to simulate detections of such CRE at the ground level with an array of ideal detectors of different dimensions. The adopted approach allows us to assess the CRE detection feasibility for a specific configuration of a detector array. The process of initiation and propagation of an electromagnetic cascade originated from an UHE photon passing near the Sun, as well as the resultant particle distribution on ground, were simulated using the CORSIKA program with the PRESHOWER option, both modified accordingly. The studied scenario results in photons forming a cascade that extends even over tens of millions of kilometers when it arrives at the top of the Earth's atmosphere, and the photon energies span practically the whole cosmic ray energy spectrum. The topology of the signal consists of very extended CRE shapes, and the characteristic, very much elongated disk-shape of the particle distribution on ground illustrates the potential for identification of CRE of this type. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Cosmic rays

Mixed state entanglement from symmetric matrix inequalities

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rico, Albert Physics department Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra BarcelonaES-08193 Spain Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Institute of Theoretical Physics Jagiellonian University Kraków30-348 Poland

Recently, a toolkit of highly symmetric techniques employing matrix inequalities has been developed to detect entanglement in various ways. Here we concisely review these methods providing a unified framework, and expand them to a new family of positive maps with further detection capabilities. In the simplest case, we generalize the reduction map to detect more generic states using both multiple copies and local filters. Through the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism, this family of maps leads to a construction of multipartite entanglement witnesses. Discussions and examples are provided regarding the detection of states with local positive partial transposition and the use of multiple copies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

State-witness contraction

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rico, Albert Physics Department Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra BarcelonaES-08193 Spain Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Institute of Theoretical Physics Jagiellonian University Kraków30-348 Poland

We present a method to construct entanglement witnesses for arbitrarily large multipartite systems, by tensoring and partial tracing existing states and witnesses. As a proof of principle we show that, using little shared quantum resources, the method allows to reuse witnesses unable to detect states with local positive partial transpositions into new ones able to do so. Moreover, we show that this technique allows to tailor both linear and nonlinear witnesses to specific states using semidefinite programming with comparatively low-dimensional variables. As an example, existing trace polynomial witnesses are significantly improved while preserving their symmetries and implementability with randomized measurements. Besides detecting entanglement, the method is shown to detect k-copy distillability. A recipe for the single-copy case is shown to be effective for generic and Werner states. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

A $(k, n)$-Secret Image Sharing With Steganography Using Generalized Tent Map

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A $(k, n)$-Secret Image Sharing With Steganography Using Gen...

International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies (MOCAST)

作者： Bishoy K. Sharobim Salwa K. Abd-El-Hafiz Ahmed G. Radwan Heba K. Aslan Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC) Nile University Giza Egypt Centre of Informatics Science Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Giza Egypt Engineering Mathematics and Physics Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nile University Giza Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9798350385427

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385434

Secret Image Sharing (SIS) transfers an image to mutually suspicious receivers as $n$ meaningless shares, where $k$ or more shares must be present to recover the secret. This paper proposes a $(k, n)$ -SIS system for any image type using polynomial interpolation based on Lagrange polynomials, where the generated shares are of size $1/k$ of the secret image size. A full encryption system, consisting of substitution and permutation stages, is employed by using the generalized Tent map as a source of randomness. In addition to using a long and sensitive system key, steganography using the Least Significant Bits (LSBs) embedding technique is utilized to improve security. Detailed experimental analysis of the security, robustness and performance of the proposed system is provided, which is more comprehensive than the analyses given in other related works. Security is demonstrated using statistical tests, and robustness against noise and cron attacks is validated.

关键词： Steganography Interpolation Circuits and systems Noise Receivers Robustness Polynomials

Forward γ+jet production in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at LHC within the FoCal calorimeter acceptance

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ganguli, Ishita van Hameren, Andreas Kotko, Piotr Kutak, Krzysztof AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Radzikowskiego 152 Kraków31-342 Poland

Using the small-x Improved Transverse Momentum Dependent factorization (ITMD), which, for a general two-to-two massless scattering can be proved within the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) theory for transverse momenta of particles greater than the saturation scale, we provide predictions for isolated forward photon and jet production in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions within the planned ALICE FoCal detector acceptance. We study azimuthal correlations, pT spectra, as well as normalized ratios of proton-proton cross sections for different energies. The only TMD distribution needed for that process is the"dipole" TMD gluon distribution, which in our computations is based on HERA data and undergoes momentum space BK evolution equation with DGLAP corrections and Sudakov resummation. We conclude, that the process provides an excellent probe of the dipole TMD gluon distribution in saturation regime. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forward scattering

Scalar-assisted magnetogenesis during the radiation-dominated epoch

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ganz, Alexander Lin, Chunshan Zhu, Mian College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Institute for Theoretical Physics Leibniz University Hannover Appelstraße 2 Hannover30167 Germany Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Krakow30-348 Poland

We propose a novel mechanism to generate primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) strong enough to explain the observed cosmic magnetic fields. We employ a scalar field charged under U(1) gauge symmetry with a non-trivial VEV to provide an effective mass term to the EM field and thus break its conformal invariance. The primordial magnetogenesis takes place in the radiation dominated (RD) epoch, after the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) phase. As a result, our mechanism is naturally free from the overproduction of electric fields due to high conductivity in the RD epoch, and the baryon isocurvature problem which takes place only if magneto-genesis happens before the ESWB phase. In addition, we find that a significant amount of PMFs can be generated when the scalar field experiences a tachyonic phase. In this case, the scalar field is light and weakly coupled and has negligible energy density compared to the cold dark matter, hence the strong coupling problem and the back-reaction problem are also absent. Therefore, our model is free from the above-mentioned problems that frequently appear in other primordial magneto-genesis scenarios. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic fields

Pathway for Unraveling Chemical Composition Effects of Metal-Organic Precursors for FIBID Applications

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jany, B.R. Madajska, K. Butrymowicz-Kubiak, A. Krok, F. Szymańska, I.B. Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Lojasiewicza 11 Krakow30348 Poland Faculty of Chemistry Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Gagarina 7 Toruń87-100 Poland

The development of modern metal deposition techniques like Focused Ion/Electron Beam Induced Deposition FIBID/FEBID relies heavily on the availability of metal-organic precursors of particular properties. To create a new precursor, extensive testing under specialized gas injection systems is required along with time-consuming and costly chemical analysis typically conducted using scanning electron microscopes. This process can be quite challenging due to its complexity and expense. Here, we present a method for investigating the chemical composition effects of new metal-organic precursors, prepared in form of supported thick layers, used in FIBID/FEBID applications by utilizing achievable SEM BSE/EDX analysis along with Machine Learning data processing techniques. This approach enables a comprehensive fast examination of decomposition processes during FIBID, providing valuable insights into how these chemical composition effects impact the final properties of metallic deposits. Our method can be employed to optimize, prescreen, and score new potential precursors for FIBID applications by significantly reducing the time required and conserving valuable resources. Our finding brings also new perspectives across diverse areas of nanoscience in particularly enhancing strongly the field of metal structures nanofabrication. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

RerrFact: Reduced Evidence Retrieval Representations for Scientific Claim Verification

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RerrFact: Reduced Evidence Retrieval Representations for Sci...

2022 Workshop on Scientific Document Understanding, SDU 2022

作者： Rana, Ashish Khanna, Deepanshu Ghosal, Tirthankar Singh, Muskaan Singh, Harpreet Rana, Prashant Singh School of Business Informatics and Mathematics University of Mannheim Germany Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology India Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Czech Republic Department of Computer Science & Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology India

Exponential growth in digital information outlets and the race to publish has made scientific misinformation more prevalent than ever. However, the task to fact-verify a given scientific claim is not straightforward even for researchers. Scientific claim verification requires in-depth knowledge and great labor from domain experts to substantiate supporting and refuting evidence from credible scientific sources. The SciFact dataset and corresponding task provide a benchmarking leaderboard to the community to develop automatic scientific claim verification systems via extracting and assimilating relevant evidence rationales from source abstracts. In this work, we propose a modular approach that sequentially carries out binary classification for every prediction subtask as in the SciFact leaderboard. Our simple classifier-based approach uses reduced abstract representations to retrieve relevant abstracts. These are further used to train the relevant rationale-selection model. Finally, we carry out two-step stance predictions that first differentiate non-relevant rationales and then identify supporting or refuting rationales for a given claim. Experimentally, our system RerrFact with no fine-tuning, simple design, and a fraction of model parameters fairs competitively on the leaderboard against large-scale, modular, and joint modeling approaches. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Abstracting