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The machine learning implementation and theoretical foundations of intelligent control of accelerator particle beams

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 199-200页

作者： XueQing Yan State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The intelligent control of accelerator particle beams,achieved through machine learning,offers a new opportunity for the design and regulation of high-power,high-intensity *** recent years,this technology has been applied in several practical *** instance,the DeepMind team successfully used reinforcement learning to control the plasma in a Tokamak device with 19 control magnets[1].

关键词： particle instance accelerator

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Commissioning of the fast neutron detector array at China Institute of Atomic Energy

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第5期36卷 102-112页

作者： Meng-Xiao Kang Ji-Zhi Zhang Hong-Yi Wu Han-Xiong Huang Yu-Zhao Li He-Run Yang Xi-Chao Ruan Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou 730000China

The prompt fission neutron spectrum(PFNS)is a key nuclear data quantity that is of particular interest and plays a crucial role in understanding and modeling fission *** array comprising 48 liquid scintillation detectors and a parallelplate avalanche counter(PPAC)was developed at the China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE)to measure the PFNS of actinide *** and energy calibrations were performed for all the liquid scintillators,and their efficiencies were consistently found to be better than 5%.The time resolutions of the PPAC and liquid scintillators were measured to be 1.08 ns and 1.16 ns using~(252)Cf and~(207)Bi sources,*** pulse shape discrimination of the liquid scintillator was utilized to identify neutron andγsignals on an event-by-event basis,and the figure of merit was deduced as 1.12 at a 200 ke Vee *** contribution to the PFNS from multiple scattered neutrons was evaluated via Geant4 simulations,and those originating from the environment were found to be comparable to the crosstalk between the *** neutron efficiency of the entire detection array was calibrated using a~(252)Cf spontaneous fission source and was demonstrated to be consistent with the Geant4 simulation results,which verified the reliability of the detection array.

关键词： Liquid scintillation detector Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter(PPAC) Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra(PFNS) Neutron detector array

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Detector array with digital data acquisition system for charged-particle decay studies

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第4期36卷 140-150页

作者： Hao Jian Xin-Xing Xu Kai-Long Wang Jia-Jian Liu Chao-Yi Fu Peng-Jie Li Yan-Yun Yang Guang-Xin Zhang Kang Wang Fang-Fang Duan Long-Hui Ru Guang-Shun Li Bing Ding Yun-Hua Qiang Cen-Xi Yuan Jun-Bing Ma Shi-Wei Xu Yu-Feng Gao Rui Fan Fan-Chao Dai Si-Xian Zha Hao-Fan Zhu Jin-Hai Li Shu-Lian Qin Zhi-Fang Chang Cheng Kong He-Xuan Yan Hao-Wei Xu Jia-Long Ning Bo-Ren Liu Jie Zhou Yu-Dong Chen Bo-Shuai Cai Yu-Ting Wang Hong-Yi Wu Zhi-Xuan Wang Dong-Sheng Hou Hu-Shan Xu Xiao-Hong Zhou Yu-Hu Zhang Meng Wang Zheng-Guo Hu Jenny Lee State Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Science and Technology Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516003China Department of Physics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

A state-of-the-art detector array with a digital data acquisition system has been developed for charged-particle decay studies,includingβ-delayed protons,αdecay,and direct proton emissions from exotic proton-rich *** digital data acquisition system enables precise synchronization and processing of complex signals from various detectors,such as plastic scintillators,silicon detectors,and germaniumγ*** system's performance was evaluated using theβdecay of^(32)Ar and its neighboring nuclei,produced via projectile fragmentation at the first Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou(RIBLL1).key measurements,including the half-life,charged-particle spectrum,andγ-ray spectrum,were obtained and compared with previous results for *** the implantation–decay method,the isotopes of interest were implanted into two doublesided silicon strip detectors,where their subsequent decays were measured and correlated with preceding implantations using both position and time *** detection system has potential for further applications,including the study ofβ-delayed charged-particle decay and direct proton emissions from even more exotic proton-rich nuclei.

关键词： β-delayed proton decay Double-sided silicon strip detector High-purity germanium detector Digital data acquisition system Implantation–decay correlation

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state key laboratory of nuclear physics and technology at Peking University

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nuclear physics News 2013年第4期23卷 5-9页

作者： Wu, Jing State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology China

This laboratory portrait is drawn to give a general view of the research and education on nuclear physics and technology at Peking University. Since Peking University (PKU) is the eldest and also one of the most prestigious modern universities in China, this portrait might be useful to look into China's effort to pursuit the modernization in sense of science and technology. © 2013 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

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Octupole correlations in stable nucleus ^(153)Eu within reflection-asymmetric particle rotor model

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Chinese physics C 2025年第1期49卷 216-222页

作者： Yuanyuan Wang Shuangquan Zhang Mathematics and Physics Department North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071000China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The observed low-lying K=5/2^(±) positive-and negative-parity bands in the stable nucleus ^(153)Eu are investigated using the reflection-asymmetric triaxial particle rotor *** experimental energy spectra,energy staggering parameters,and intraband E2 and M1 transition probabilities are well *** calculated interband B(E1)values are found to depend sensitively on the octupole deformation parameter β_(30),although the energy spectra and intraband E2 and M1 transitions can be reproduced without the octupole degree of *** observed enhanced E1 transition probabilities can be reproduced with β_(30)=*** detailed analysis of the intrinsic wave functions shows these nearly degenerate positive-and negative-parity bands are built on two individual proton configurations,i.e.,dominated by πg_(7/2)[Ω=5/2]and πh_(11/2)[Ω=5/2],respectively,which differs from the parity doublet bands built on a single parity-mixed configuration.

关键词： octupole correlations parity doublet bands electromagnetic transitions reflection-asymmetric triaxial particle rotor model

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Tunable vortex radiation source driven by free electrons

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Optics Letters 2025年第10期50卷 3333-3336页

作者： Li, Sirui Li, Tianyi Sun, Jingbo Wen, Yongzheng Zhou, Ji State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion Physics School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China

In this Letter, we propose a scheme to generate tunable vortex radiation through the interaction of free electrons with a dual-layer metasurface. The metasurface combines a field-enhancement layer with a phase-modulation layer to produce enhanced Smith–Purcell radiation (SPR) while enabling gradient phase control. This configuration efficiently converts the free-electron evanescent field into a coherent vortex beam. Simulation results indicate that the proposed structure generates coherent radiation with approximately 4.5 times the intensity of conventional vortex radiation under identical electron-beam conditions. The frequency and direction of the vortex radiation can be tuned by varying the electron velocity. Moreover, the structure enables coherent vortex radiation generation with a small number of electrons, including low-velocity electrons, without requiring strong focusing magnetic fields or periodic electron bunching. This work establishes an innovative approach for developing compact, efficient, and tunable vortex radiation sources based on free electrons. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Particle beam bunching

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Revealing the signal of QCD phase transition in heavy-ion collisions

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第5期68卷 101-112页

作者： Yi Lu Fei Gao Xiaofeng Luo Lei Chang Yuxin Liu State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Department of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Physics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Quark Lepton Physics(MOE) Institute of Particle PhysicsCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Center for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871China

We propose a novel criterion to identify the first-order QCD phase transition and the critical end-point(CEP)via directly the netproton number fluctuations measured in relativistic heavy-ion collision(RHIC)*** this method,we show that there has not yet been a direct signal of the CEP of QCD according to the currently available data accumulated in the beam energy scan experiments with√^(S)_(NN)≥7.7 ***,there is still a possibility for the CEP to appear in the matter generated by the collisions with energy below 7.7 Ge V,and its identification requires future measurements with high statistics for the high-order cumulants at low collision energies.

关键词： QCD phase transition critical end-point baryon number fluctuations thermodynamic potential relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Quantum frontiers in high energy physics

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第6期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 53-75页

作者： Yaquan Fang Christina Gao Ying-Ying Li Jing Shu Yusheng Wu Hongxi Xing Bin Xu Lailin Xu Chen Zhou Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study University of Science and Technology of China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Center for High Energy Physics Peking University Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (MOE) Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Institute of Quantum MatterSouth China Normal University Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear ScienceSouthern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Numerous challenges persist in high energy physics(HEP), the addressing of which requires advancements in detection technology, computational methods, data analysis frameworks, and phenomenological designs. We provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of recent progress across these areas, in line with advances in quantum technology. We will discuss the potential of quantum devices in detecting subtle effects indicative of new physics BSM, the transformative role of quantum algorithms and large-scale quantum computers in studying real-time non-perturbative dynamics in the early universe and at colliders, as well as in analyzing complex HEP data. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of integrating quantum properties into HEP experiments to test quantum mechanics at unprecedented high-energy scales and search for hints of new physics. Looking ahead, the continued integration of resources to fully harness these evolving technologies will enhance our efforts to deepen our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature.

关键词： high energy physics quantum sensing quantum simulations quantum machine learning quantum information

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Jet tagging with more-interaction particle transformer

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Chinese physics C 2025年第1期49卷 164-176页

作者： Yifan Wu Kun Wang Congqiao Li Huilin Qu Jingya Zhu College of Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China CERN EP DepartmentCH-1211 Geneva 23Switzerland School of Physics and Electronics Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

In this paper,we introduce the More-Interaction Particle Transformer(MIParT),a novel deep-learning neural network designed for jet *** framework incorporates our own design,the More-Interaction Attention(MIA)mechanism,which increases the dimensionality of particle interaction *** tested MIParT using the top tagging and quark-gluon *** results show that MIParT not only matches the accuracy and AUC of LorentzNet and a series of Lorentz-equivariant methods,but also significantly outperforms the ParT model in background ***,it improves background rejection by approximately 25% with a signal efficiency of 30% on the top tagging dataset and by 3% on the quark-gluon ***,MIParT requires only 30% of the parameters and 53% of the computational complexity needed by ParT,proving that high performance can be achieved with reduced model *** very large datasets,we double the dimension of particle embeddings,referring to this variant as MIParT-Large(MIParT-L).We found that MIParT-L can further capitalize on the knowledge from large *** a model pre-trained on the 100M JetClass dataset,the background rejection performance of fine-tuned MIParT-L improves by 39% on the top tagging dataset and by 6% on the quark-gluon dataset,surpassing that of fine-tuned ***,the background rejection of fine-tuned MIParT-L improves by an additional 2% compared to that of fine-tuned *** results suggest that MIParT has the potential to increase the efficiency of benchmarks for jet tagging and event identification in particle physics.

关键词： jet tagging collider physics machine learning

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Quantitative analysis of the gravitational wave spectrum sourced from a first-order chiral phase transition of QCD

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Physical Review D 2025年第2期111卷 L021303-L021303页

作者： Hui-wen Zheng Fei Gao Ligong Bian Si-xue Qin Yu-xin Liu Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China Center for High Energy Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871 China

We investigate the cosmological first-order chiral phase transition of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and for the first time calculate its parameters which can determine the gravitational wave spectrum. With the state-of-the-art calculation from the functional QCD method, we found that the large chemical potential of QCD phase transition results in very weak and fast first-order phase transitions at the temperature lower than O(102) MeV. These results further suggest that the gravitational wave (GW) signals of NANOGrav are very unlikely sourced from the chiral phase transition of QCD.

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