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Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions ( vol 621,pg 773 , 2023 )

NATURE 2023年第7982期622卷 E2-E2页

作者： Delavaux, Camille S. Crowther, Thomas W. Zohner, Constantin M. Robmann, Niamh M. Lauber, Thomas van den Hoogen, Johan Kuebbing, Sara Liang, Jingjing de-Miguel, Sergio Nabuurs, Gert-Jan Reich, Peter B. Abegg, Meinrad Yao, Yves C. Adou Alberti, Giorgio Zambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez Alvarez-Davila, Esteban Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia Alves, Luciana F. Ammer, Christian Anton-Fernandez, Clara Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro Arroyo, Luzmila Avitabile, Valerio Aymard, Gerardo A. Baker, Timothy R. Balazy, Radomir Banki, Olaf Barroso, Jorcely G. Bastian, Meredith L. Bastin, Jean-Francois Birigazzi, Luca Birnbaum, Philippe Bitariho, Robert Boeckx, Pascal Bongers, Frans Bouriaud, Olivier Brancalion, Pedro H. S. Brandl, Susanne Brienen, Roel Broadbent, Eben N. Bruelheide, Helge Bussotti, Filippo Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla Cesar, Ricardo G. Cesljar, Goran Chazdon, Robin Chen, Han Y. H. Chisholm, Chelsea Cho, Hyunkook Cienciala, Emil Clark, Connie Clark, David Colletta, Gabriel D. Coomes, David A. Valverde, Fernando Cornejo Corral-Rivas, Jose J. Crim, Philip M. Cumming, Jonathan R. Dayanandan, Selvadurai de Gasper, Andre L. Decuyper, Mathieu Derroire, Geraldine DeVries, Ben Djordjevic, Ilija Dolezal, Jiri Dourdain, Aurelie Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone Enquist, Brian J. Eyre, Teresa J. Fandohan, Adande Belarmain Fayle, Tom M. Feldpausch, Ted R. Ferreira, Leandro V. Fischer, Markus Fletcher, Christine Frizzera, Lorenzo Gamarra, Javier G. P. Gianelle, Damiano Glick, Henry B. Harris, David J. Hector, Andrew Hemp, Andreas Hengeveld, Geerten Herault, Bruno Herbohn, John L. Herold, Martin Hillers, Annika Coronado, Euridice N. Honorio Hui, Cang Ibanez, Thomas T. Amaral, Ieda Imai, Nobuo Jagodzinski, Andrzej M. Jaroszewicz, Bogdan Johannsen, Vivian Kvist Joly, Carlos A. Jucker, Tommaso Jung, Ilbin Karminov, Viktor Kartawinata, Kuswata Kearsley, Elizabeth Kenfack, David Kennard, Deborah K. Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian Keppel, Gunnar Khan, Mohammed Latif Killeen, Timothy J. Kim, Hyun Seok Kitayama, Kanehiro Kohl, Michael Korju Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London UK The Forest School at The Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Agriculture Forestry and Bioresources Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Crop and Forest Sciences University of Lleida Lleida Spain Joint Research Unit CTFC–AGROTECNIO–CERCA Solsona Spain Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands World Agroforestry (ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St Paul MN USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Department of Agricultural Food Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine Udine Italy Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bolzano Bolzano Italy Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory Department of Tourism Recreation and Sport Management University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Forestry School Tecnológico de Costa Rica TEC Cartago Costa Rica Fundacion ConVida Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD Medellin Colombia Field Museum of Natural Histiory Chicago IL USA Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability UCLA Los Angeles CA USA Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany Division of Forest and Forest Resources Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Ås Norway Museo de Hi

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Ten new insights in climate science 2024

One Earth

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One Earth 2025年第6期8卷

作者： Schaeffer, Roberto Schipper, E. Lisa F. Ospina, Daniel Mirazo, Paula Alencar, Ane Anvari, Mehrnaz Artaxo, Paulo Biresselioglu, Mehmet Efe Blome, Tanja Boeckmann, Melanie Brink, Ebba Broadgate, Wendy Bustamante, Mercedes Cai, Wenju Canadell, Josep G. Cardinale, Roberto Chidichimo, Maria Paz Ditlevsen, Peter Eicker, Ursula Feron, Sarah Fikru, Mahelet G. Fuss, Sabine Gaye, Amadou T. Gustafsson, Örjan Harring, Niklas He, Cheng Hebden, Sophie Heilemann, Adrian Hirota, Marina Janardhanan, Nandakumar Juhola, Sirkku Jung, Tae Yong Kejun, Jiang Kilkiș, Şiir Kumarasinghe, Nilushi Lapola, David Lee, June-Yi Levis, Carolina Lusambili, Adelaide Maasakkers, Joannes D. MacIntosh, Claire Mahmood, Jemilah Mankin, Justin S. Marchegiani, Pía Martin, Maria Mukherji, Aditi Muñoz-Erickson, Tischa A. Niazi, Zeenat Nyangon, Joseph Pandipati, Santosh Perera, Amarasinghage T.D. Persad, Geeta Persson, Åsa Redman, Aaron Riipinen, Ilona Rockström, Johan Roffe, Sarah Roy, Joyashree Sakschewski, Boris Samset, Bjørn H. Schlosser, Peter Sharifi, Ayyoob Shih, Wan-Yu Sioen, Giles B. Sokona, Youba Stammer, Detlef Suk, Sunhee Thiam, Djiby Thompson, Vikki Tullos, Erin van Westen, René M. Vargas Falla, Ana Maria Vecellio, Daniel J. Worden, John Wu, Henry C. Xu, Chi Yang, Yang Zachariah, Mariam Zhang, Zhen Ziervogel, Gina Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil University of Bonn Bonn Germany Future Earth Secretariat Stockholm Sweden Arizona State University Tempe AZ United States Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM) Brasilia Brazil Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI St. Augustin Germany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) Potsdam Germany University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil İzmir University of Economics İzmir Turkey Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS) Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Hamburg Germany University of Bremen Bremen Germany Lund University Lund Sweden University of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Ocean University of China Qingdao China Xiamen University Xiamen China Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Environment Canberra ACT Australia University College London London United Kingdom National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina National University of San Martin Buenos Aires Argentina University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Concordia University Montreal QC Canada University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO United States Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) Berlin Germany Humboldt-University of Berlin Berlin Germany Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Neuherberg Germany European Space Agency (ESA) - European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications (ECSAT) Oxford United Kingdom Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianopolis Brazil Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Hayama Japan University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Yonsei University Graduate Seoul South Korea Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic

The years 2023 and 2024 were characterized by unprecedented warming across the globe, underscoring the urgency of climate action. Robust science advice for decision makers on subjects as complex as climate change requires deep cross- and interdisciplinary understanding. However, navigating the ever-expanding and diverse peer-reviewed literature on climate change is enormously challenging for individual researchers. We elicited expert input through an online questionnaire (188 respondents from 45 countries) and prioritized 10 key advances in climate-change research with high policy relevance. The insights span a wide range of areas, from changes in methane and aerosol emissions to the factors shaping citizens’ acceptance of climate policies. This synthesis and communications effort forms the basis for a science-policy report distributed to party delegations ahead of the 29th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP29) to inform their positions and arguments on critical issues, including heat-adaptation planning, comprehensive mitigation strategies, and strengthened governance in energy-transition minerals value chains. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： adaptation climate policy climate science governance just transition mitigation resilience science policy

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Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-15页

作者： Hordijk, Iris Poorter, Lourens Liang, Jingjing Reich, Peter B. de-Miguel, Sergio Nabuurs, Gert-Jan Gamarra, Javier G. P. Chen, Han Y. H. Zhou, Mo Wiser, Susan K. Pretzsch, Hans Paquette, Alain Picard, Nicolas Hérault, Bruno Bastin, Jean-Francois Alberti, Giorgio Abegg, Meinrad Adou Yao, Yves C. Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M. Alvarado, Braulio V. Alvarez-Davila, Esteban Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia Alves, Luciana F. Amaral, Iêda Ammer, Christian Antón-Fernández, Clara Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro Arroyo, Luzmila Avitabile, Valerio Aymard C, Gerardo A. Baker, Timothy Banki, Olaf Barroso, Jorcely Bastian, Meredith L. Birigazzi, Luca Birnbaum, Philippe Bitariho, Robert Boeckx, Pascal Bongers, Frans Bouriaud, Olivier Brancalion, Pedro H. S. Brandl, Susanne Brearley, Francis Q. Brienen, Roel Broadbent, Eben N. Bruelheide, Helge Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto Cesar, Ricardo G. Cesljar, Goran Chazdon, Robin L. Chisholm, Chelsea Cienciala, Emil Clark, Connie J. Clark, David B. Colletta, Gabriel Coomes, David Cornejo Valverde, Fernando Corral-Rivas, Jose J. Crim, Philip Cumming, Jonathan Dayanandan, Selvadurai de Gasper, André L. Decuyper, Mathieu Derroire, Géraldine DeVries, Ben Djordjevic, Ilija Dourdain, Aurélie Dolezal, Jiri Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier Enquist, Brian Eyre, Teresa Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain Fayle, Tom M. Ferreira, Leandro V. Feldpausch, Ted R. Finér, Leena Fischer, Markus Fletcher, Christine Frizzera, Lorenzo Gianelle, Damiano Glick, Henry B. Harris, David Hector, Andrew Hemp, Andreas Herbohn, John Hillers, Annika Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N. Hui, Cang Cho, Hyunkook Ibanez, Thomas Jung, Ilbin Imai, Nobuo Jagodzinski, Andrzej M. Jaroszewicz, Bogdan Johannsen, Vivian Joly, Carlos A. Jucker, Tommaso Karminov, Viktor Kartawinata, Kuswata Kearsley, Elizabeth Kenfack, David Kennard, Deborah Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian Keppel, Gunnar Khan, Mohammed Latif Killeen, Timothy Kim, Hyun Seok Kitayama, Kanehiro Köhl, Michael Korjus, Henn Kraxner, Florian Laarmann, Diana Lang, Mait Lewis, Simon Lu, Huicui Lukina, Natalia Maitner, Br Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland Wageningen University and Research Wageningen Netherlands Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St Paul MN United States Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering University of Lleida Lleida Spain Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC) Solsona Spain Forestry Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science TUM School for Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Centre for Forest Research Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC Canada GIP ECOFOR Paris France CIRAD Forêts et Sociétés Montpellier France Forêts et Sociétés Univ Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier France Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech University of Liege Liege Belgium Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bolzano Bolzano Italy Department of Agricultural Food Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine Udine Italy Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory Center for Latin American Studies University of Florida Gainesville FL United States Forestry School Tecnológico de Costa Rica TEC Cartago Costa Rica Fundacion ConVida Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD Medellin Colombia Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL United States Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability UCLA Los Angeles CA

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe. We find three consistent trait differences between locally dominant and rare species across all biomes;dominant species are taller, have softer wood and higher loading on the multivariate stem strategy axis (related to narrow tracheids and thick bark). The difference between traits of dominant and rare species is more strongly driven by temperature compared to water availability, as temperature might affect a larger number of traits. Therefore, climate change driven global temperature rise may have a strong effect on trait differences between dominant and rare tree species and may lead to changes in species abundances and therefore strong community reassembly. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Approximating the regular graphic TSP in near linear time 35

Approximating the regular graphic TSP in near linear time

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35th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, FSTTCS 2015

作者： Chiplunkar, Ashish Vishwanathan, Sundar Amazon Development Center Bangalore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India

ISBN: (纸本)9783939897972

We present a randomized approximation algorithm for computing traveling salesperson tours in undirected regular graphs. Given an n-vertex, k-regular graph, the algorithm computes a tour of length at most (1 + 4+ln 4+Ε-ln k-O(1)) n, with high probability, in O(nk log k) time. This improves upon the result by Vishnoi ([27], FOCS 2012) for the same problem, in terms of both approximation factor, and running time. Furthermore, our result is incomparable with the recent result by Feige, Ravi, and Singh ([10], IPCO 2014), since our algorithm runs in linear time, for any fixed k. The key ingredient of our algorithm is a technique that uses edge-coloring algorithms to sample a cycle cover with O(n/ log k) cycles, with high probability, in near linear time. Additionally, we also give a deterministic 3/2 +O (1/√k) factor approximation algorithm for the TSP on n-vertex, k-regular graphs running in time O(nk). © Ashish Chiplunkar and Sundar Vishwanathan.

关键词： Approximation algorithms

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Sample complexity of dictionary learning and other matrix factorizations

Sample complexity of dictionary learning and other matrix fa...

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作者： Gribonval, Rémi Jenatton, Rodolphe Bach, Francis Kleinsteuber, Martin Seibert, Matthias Rennes35042 France Laboratoire d'Informatique Ecole Normale Superieure Paris75005 France Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau91128 France Amazon Development Center Germany Berlin10178 Germany Laboratoire d'Informatique École Normale Supérieure Paris75005 France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technische Universität München Munich80333 Germany

Many modern tools in machine learning and signal processing, such as sparse dictionary learning, principal component analysis, non-negative matrix factorization, K-means clustering, and so on, rely on the factorization of a matrix obtained by concatenating high-dimensional vectors from a training collection. While the idealized task would be to optimize the expected quality of the factors over the underlying distribution of training vectors, it is achieved in practice by minimizing an empirical average over the considered collection. The focus of this paper is to provide sample complexity estimates to uniformly control how much the empirical average deviates from the expected cost function. Standard arguments imply that the performance of the empirical predictor also exhibit such guarantees. The level of genericity of the approach encompasses several possible constraints on the factors (tensor product structure, shift-invariance, sparsity...), thus providing a unified perspective on the sample complexity of several widely used matrix factorization schemes. The derived generalization bounds behave proportional to (log(n)/n)1/2 with respect to the number of samples n for the considered matrix factorization techniques. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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