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Models of parallel computation :a survey and classification

中国高等学校学术文摘·计算机科学 2007年第2期1卷 156-165页

作者： ZHANG Yunquan CHEN Guoliang SUN Guangzhong MIAO Qiankun Laboratory of Parallel Computing Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Anhui Province-MOST Key Co-Lab of High Performance Computing and Its Applications Department of Computer Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

In this paper,the state-of-the-art parallel computational model research is *** will introduce various models that were developed during the past *** to their targeting architecture features,especially memory organization,we classify these parallel computational models into three *** models and their characteristics are discussed based on three generations *** believe that with the ever increasing speed gap between the CPU and memory systems,incorporating non-uniform memory hierarchy into computational models will become *** the emergence of multi-core CPUs,the parallelism hierarchy of current computing platforms becomes more and more *** this complicated parallelism hierarchy in future computational models becomes more and more important.A semi-automatic toolkit that can extract model parameters and their values on real computers can reduce the model analysis complexity,thus allowing more complicated models with more parameters to be *** memory and hierarchical parallelism will be two very important features that should be considered in future model design and research.

关键词： parallel computational models hierarchicalmemory hierarchical parallelism three generations memorymodel

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Stochastic prefix-based fault tolerant source routing algorithm for network on chip

Stochastic prefix-based fault tolerant source routing algori...

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2012 International Conference on Computer and Information Science, ICCIS 2012 - A Conference of World Engineering, Science and Technology Congress, ESTCON 2012

作者： Xu, Gengchun Ren, Kaixin Gu, Naijie Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Computing and Communication Software Hefei China USTC-SICT Joint Laboratory on Network and Communication Hefei China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467319386

In this paper, a novel fault-tolerant source routing algorithm for Network on Chip (NOC) called Stochastic Prefix-based Source Routing (SPSR) is proposed. Compared to non-source routing algorithms, it releases the intermediate node from complicated decision-making or routing table maintenance. Unlike the traditional source routing algorithms which use broadcast packets to record the YD of every intermediate node in Route Discovery, it predetermine prospective routes, which can greatly reduces the packets generated and forwarded in the Route Discovery phase, and therefore reduces the power consumption. The proposed routing algorithm is implemented on the open source simulator Nirgam [14], incorporating Orion [15] to estimate the power consumption. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can greatly reduce the power consumption in the route discovery and the latency of SPSR is comparable with that of the broadcasting mechanism. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Network-on-chip

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A new boundary treatment method for SPH and application in fluid simulation

A new boundary treatment method for SPH and application in f...

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3rd International Conference on Information and computing, ICIC 2010

作者： Song, Bo Dong, Lanfang School of Computer Science and Technology USTC Hefei China Anhui Province Key Lab. of Software in Computing and Communication China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540474

Appropriate dealing with boundary conditions is very important for SPH. Current boundary treatment methods like boundary force method, ghost particle method and virtual boundary layer method, when dealing with complex boundaries, they will have to compute much on putting external particles. For resolving this problem, we propose a new method assuming part of boundary surface instead of external particles, called effective force surface, directly repels the internal particles which approach sufficiently close. We call this new method EFS method. It is implemented in the SPH model for simulating fluid in rabbit-type cup and dam-breaking. In the former case, liquid flows vividly and no internal particles penetrate boundaries. In the latter case, the result is similar to existing result. The experimental results show that EFS method can effectively and precisely deal with complex boundary conditions. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Boundary conditions

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PR3D: Precise and realistic 3D face reconstruction from a single image

PR3D: Precise and realistic 3D face reconstruction from a si...

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作者： Huang, Zhangjin Wu, Xing University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software in Computing and Communication Hefei China Deqing Alpha Innovation Institute Huzhou China

Reconstructing the three-dimensional (3D) shape and texture of the face from a single image is a significant and challenging task in computer vision and graphics. In recent years, learning-based reconstruction methods have exhibited outstanding performance, but their effectiveness is severely constrained by the scarcity of available training data with 3D annotations. To address this issue, we present the PR3D (Precise and Realistic 3D face reconstruction) method, which consists of high-precision shape reconstruction based on semi-supervised learning and high-fidelity texture reconstruction based on StyleGAN2. In shape reconstruction, we use in-the-wild face images and 3D annotated datasets to train the auxiliary encoder and the identity encoder, encoding the input image into parameters of FLAME (a parametric 3D face model). Simultaneously, a novel semi-supervised hybrid landmark loss is designed to more effectively learn from in-the-wild face images and 3D annotated datasets. Furthermore, to meet the real-time requirements in practical applications, a lightweight shape reconstruction model called fast-PR3D is distilled through teacher–student learning. In texture reconstruction, we propose a texture extraction method based on face reenactment in StyleGAN2 style space, extracting texture from the source and reenacted face images to constitute a facial texture map. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the state-of-the-art performance of our method. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Textures

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A novel updating strategy for associative memory scheme in cyclic dynamic environments

A novel updating strategy for associative memory scheme in c...

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International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence (IWACI)

作者： Cao, Yong Luo, Wenjian Nature Inspired Computation and Applications Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 Anhui China Anhui Key Laboratory of Software in Computing and Communication University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 Anhui China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424463343

Associative memory schemes have been developed for Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) to solve Dynamic Optimization Problems (DOPs), and demonstrated powerful performance. In these schemes, how to update the memory could be important for their performance. However, little work has been done about the associative memory updating strategies. In this paper, a novel updating strategy is proposed for associative memory schemes. In this strategy, the memory point whose associated environmental information is most similar to the current environmental information is first picked out from the memory. Then, the selected memory individual is updated according to the fitness value, and the associated environmental information is updated according to the matching degree between environmental information and individuals. This updating strategy is embedded into a stateof-the-art algorithm, i.e. the MPBIL, and tested by experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed updating strategy is helpful for associative memory schemes to enhance their search ability in cyclic dynamic environments.

关键词： Associative processing

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Cache locking optimization in java virtual machine

Cache locking optimization in java virtual machine

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2013 IEEE Conference Anthology, ANTHOLOGY 2013

作者： Lin, Chuanwen Gu, Naijie Cai, Songsong School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Computing and Communication Software Hefei China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479916603

Cache plays an important role in multilevel storage system. It can greatly reduce the memory access latency. So the cache hit rate has a significant impact on the performance of the application. Many processors provide cache locking mechanism, which can lock the certain lines in cache. It enables an application to affect the cache replacement decisions under software control. This paper presents a novel method, which uses cache locking mechanism to reduce the run-time of java virtual machine (JVM). JVM often uses just-in-time compiler (JIT) to improve the performance. JIT compiles the method that has been invoked certain times, and then JVM executes the compiled method when invoking this method the next time. This paper analyzes the calling situation of the compiled method in JVM, and then proposes a heuristic approach to lock the compiled method in cache for an appropriate period. It can reduce cache miss rate when JVM executes the compiled method. The algorithm has been implemented in HotSpot based on Loongson-3A. Also, it can be implemented in other run-time systems. Experiment results show that the cache locking heuristic algorithm averagely reduces the cache miss rate by 8.5%, and improves the performance by 4% on the benchmark SPECjvm2008. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Application programs

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Eye localization from infrared thermal images

Eye localization from infrared thermal images

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1st IAPR TC3 Workshop on Multimodal Pattern Recognition of Social Signals in Human-Computer-Interaction, MPRSS 2012

作者： Wang, Shangfei Shen, Peijia Liu, Zhilei Key Lab. of Computing and Communication Software of Anhui Province School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China HeFei AnHui 230027 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642370809

By using the knowledge of facial structure and temperature distribution, this paper proposes an automatic eye localization method from infrared thermal images. A facial structure consisting of 15 sub-regions is proposed to extract Haar-like features. Eight classifiers are learned from the features selected by Adaboost algorithm for left and right eye, respectively. A vote strategy is used to find the most likely eyes. Experimental results on the NVIE and Equinox databases show the effectiveness of our approach. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Adaptive boosting

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A preliminary study on why using the nonself detector set for anomaly detection in artificial immune Systems

A preliminary study on why using the nonself detector set fo...

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2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, CIS 2009

作者： Xu, Baoliang Luo, Wenjian Wang, Xufa Nature Inspired Computation and Applications Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 Anhui China Anhui Key Laboratory of Software in Computing and Communication University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 Anhui China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769539317

In artificial immune systems, the detectors in the nonself space are often adopted to detect anomaly changes, such as the negative selection algorithm and its improvements. Since the detectors in the self space can also be used to detect anomaly changes, a frequently asked question is which kind of detector sets is more efficient for a specific problem. In this paper, firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of the self detector set and the nonself detector set are briefly reviewed. Secondly, when the complete matching rule is adopted, the average time costs of employing the nonself detector set and the self detector set for anomaly detection are compared theoretically. Thirdly, simulated experiments are done, and experimental results demonstrate that the theoretical conclusion is essentially correct. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Immune system

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SvdNPD: A negative data publication method based on the sensitive value distribution

SvdNPD: A negative data publication method based on the sens...

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International Workshop on Artificial Immune Systems, AIS 2015

作者： Wu, Linli Luo, Wenjian Zhao, Dongdong School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui230027 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software Engineering in Computing and Communication University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui230027 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509002986

Existing data publication methods retain the relationship between the quasi-identifier attributes and sensitive attributes of published data. We call them "positive data publication". However, it will lead to potential risk that attackers could deduce the privacy of the corresponding individuals from the published data. Recently, by combining the negative representation with k-anonymity and l-diversity, (k, m)- anonNPD and (l, m)-divNPD algorithms have been proposed, which improve the degree of privacy because the sensitive value of each individual is transformed into a negative value randomly. However, to reduce the average error of the reconstructed distribution, the data published by (k, m)-anonNPD and (l, m)-divNPD are often much larger than the original data. In this paper, we take the Sensitive Value Distribution into consideration, and propose a novel Negative Data Publication approach (i.e. SvdNPD), which is based on l-diversity. According to the sensitive value distribution, the negative selection probability of the sensitive attribute in each record can be calculated. Then the data could be published by transforming the sensitive value to a negative one with this probability. Experimental results show that the effective usage of the individual sensitive value distribution could enhance the utility of published data. Meanwhile, compared with (l, 1)-divNPD, SvdNPD just sacrifices a tiny privacy degree which is acceptable. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Metadata

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Directed differential evolution based on directional derivative for numerical optimization problems

Directed differential evolution based on directional derivat...

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2011 11th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, HIS 2011

作者： Zhang, Jun Luo, Wenjian School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 Anhui China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software Engineering in Computing and Communication University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 Anhui China

ISBN: (纸本)9781457721502

Differential Evolution is one kind of Evolutionary Algorithms, which has been successfully applied to solve many optimization problems. In this paper, a directed differential mutation (DDM), which utilizes the directional derivative to decide a suitable search direction and a proper mutation step size, is proposed. It is merged into the classical DE to form a new algorithm, named directed differential evolution (DDE). The performance of the DDE is tested on 23 classical problems for numerical optimization. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the DDE outperforms the classical DE on most functions. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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