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Fog computing for vehicular Ad-hoc networks: paradigms, scenarios, and issues

The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2016年第2期23卷 56-65,96页

作者： Kang Kai Wang Cong Luo Tao School of Software Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service Beijing University of Posts Telecommunications School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing University of Posts Telecommunications

Vehicular Ad-hoc networks（VANETs） are kinds of mobile Ad-hoc networks（MANETs）, which consist of mobile vehicles with on-board units（OBUs） and roadside units（RSUs）. With the rapid development of computation and communication technologies, peripheral or incremental changes in VANETs evolve into a revolution in process. Cloud computing as a solution has been deployed to satisfy vehicles in VANETs which are expected to require resources（such as computing, storage and networking）. Recently, with special requirements of mobility, location awareness, and low latency, there has been growing interest in research into the role of fog computing in VANETs. The merging of fog computing with VANETs opens an area of possibilities for applications and services on the edge of the cloud computing. Fog computing deploys highly virtualized computing and communication facilities at the proximity of mobile vehicles in VANET. Mobile vehicles in VANET can also demand services of low-latency and short-distance local connections via fog computing. This paper presents the current state of the research and future perspectives of fog computing in VANETs. Moreover, we discuss the characteristics of fog computing and services based on fog computing platform provided for VANETs. In this paper, some opportunities for challenges and issues are mentioned, related techniques that need to be considered have been discussed in the context of fog computing in VANETs. Finally, we discuss about research directions of potential future work for fog computing in VANETs. Within this article, readers can have a more thorough understanding of fog computing for VANETs and the trends in this domain.

关键词： VANET fog computing cloud computing application vehicular cloud computing

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Low-Resolution Face Recognition Enhanced by High-Resolution Facial Images 17

Low-Resolution Face Recognition Enhanced by High-Resolution ...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, FG 2023

作者： Wang, Haihan Wang, Shangfei University of Science and Technology of China Key Lab of Computing and Communication Software of Anhui Province China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Robot Technology Standard Innovation Base China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345445

Despite recent advances in high-resolution (HR) face recognition, recognizing identities from low-resolution (LR) facial images remains challenging due to the absence of facial shape and detail. Current research focuses solely on reducing the distribution discrepancy between the HR and LR embeddings from the output layer, rather than thoroughly investigating the superiority of HR facial images for improved performance. In this paper, we propose a novel low-resolution face recognition method enhanced by the guidance of high-resolution facial images in both feature map space and embedding space. Specifically, in feature map space, the similarity constraint across the multilayer feature maps is adopted to align the intermediate features of facial images. Then we introduce multiple generators to recover HR images from extracted feature maps and utilize the reconstructed loss to supplement the missing facial details in LR images. In embedding space, we propose a supervised auxiliary contrastive loss to encourage the paired HR and LR embedding from the same class to be pulled together, whereas those from different classes are pushed apart. The one-to-many matching strategy and the adaptive weight adjustment strategy are applied to make the network adapt to the inputs of different resolutions. Experiments on four benchmark datasets with both synthesized and realistic LR facial images demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method to state-of-the-art. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Embeddings

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Human Pose Estimation with Shape Aware Loss 17

Human Pose Estimation with Shape Aware Loss

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17th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, FG 2023

作者： Fang, Lin Wang, Shangfei University of Science and Technology of China Key Lab of Computing and Communication Software of Anhui Province China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Robot Technology Standard Innovation Base China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345445

Although the mean square error (mse) of heatmap is an intuitive loss for heatmap-based human pose estimation, the joints localization accuracy may not be improved when heatmap mse reduces. In this paper, we show that a great cause for such misalignment is the unnecessary requirement from heatmap mse on the irrelevant Gaussian parameter, i.e. maximum. The coordinate prediction is precise as long as the probability distribution held by the predicted heatmap is a well-shaped Gaussian distribution and has the same center as the ground truth. However, heatmap mse unnecessarily requires the Gaussian distribution to hold the same maximum as the ground truth. Correspondingly, we introduce mse on the image gradients of the target and predicted heatmap (referred to as gradmap mse) to focus on the shape of the heatmap. Combining heatmap and gradmap mse, we propose a simple yet effective Shape Aware Loss (SAL) method. Being model-agnostic, our method can benefit various existing models. We apply SAL to the three latest network architectures and obtain performance improvements for all of them. Comparisons of the visualized predicted heatmaps further prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Mean square error

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Three dimensional stratum modeling and a fast algorithm for arbitrary cutting based on half-edge structure

Three dimensional stratum modeling and a fast algorithm for ...

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2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and software Engineering, CiSE 2009

作者： Xi, Liu Dong, Lanfang Lu, Detang Hefei China Anhui Province Key Lab of Software in Computing and Communication School of Computer Science and Technology USTC Hefei China Institute of Engineering and Science Software USTC Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424445073

The three dimensional stratum modeling provides important basis of analysis and policy-making in areas such as Geophysics, Petroleum, Minerals, Urban construction and so on. In this paper, we firstly propose a general flow of three dimensional stratum modeling, then research stratum partition algorithm and reconstruct the surface of three dimensional stratum model (3DSM), finally program the module of the simulation and visualization of 3DSM, and propose a fast algorithm for arbitrary cutting based on half-edge structure. The result shows that the algorithm performs real-time, and the reconstructed model of it is perfect. The algorithm has general applicability in entity cutting, it can be used in 3DSM, medical treatment, city planning and other similar areas. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Airborne moving vehicle detection for urban traffic surveillance

Airborne moving vehicle detection for urban traffic surveill...

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11th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2008

作者： Lin, Renjun Cao, Xianbin Xu, Yanwu Wei, Chuangxian Qiao, Hong University of Science and Technology China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software in Computing and Communication Hefei 230026 China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China University of Manchester United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421121

At present, moving vehicle detection on airborne platform has been an important technology for urban traffic surveillance. In such a situation, most commonly used methods (e.g. image subtraction) could hardly work well because of some additional difficulties such as slow movement of vehicles and jam. This paper proposed a new moving vehicle detection method named MVD-RD for airborne urban traffic surveillance. First, the non-road regions are extracted using road detection technique. Secondly, the non-road regions with no vehicles are removed according to their size. As a result of this two-stage regions shrinkage, the detection area reduces a lot. Finally, to the reduced area, image subtraction is used to get all moving regions and then moving vehicles can be accurately filtered in a simple way. The experimental results show that, compared with traditional image subtraction methods used in airborne moving vehicle detection, the proposed MVD-RD method achieves much better performance in detection rate, false alarm rate, and detection speed. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicles

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Accelerating vehicle detection in low-altitude airborne urban video

Accelerating vehicle detection in low-altitude airborne urba...

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International Conference on Image and Graphics

作者： Cao, Xianbin Lin, Renjun Yan, Pingkun Li, Xuelong Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software In Computing and Communication School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 Anhui China Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 Shaanxi China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545417

The limitation of the existing methods of traffic data collection is that they rely on techniques that are strictly local in nature. The airborne system in unmanned aircrafts provides the advantages of wider view angle and higher mobility. However, detecting vehicles in airborne videos is a challenging task because of the scene complexity and platform movement. Most of the techniques used in stationary platforms cannot perform well in this situation. A new and efficient method based on Bayes model is proposed in this paper. This method can be divided into two stages, attention focus extraction and vehicle classification. Experimental results demonstrated that, compared with other representative algorithms, our method obtained better performance with higher detection rate, lower false positive rate and faster detection speed. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Extraction

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Unpaired Multimodal Facial Expression Recognition 15th

Unpaired Multimodal Facial Expression Recognition

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15th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, ACCV 2020

作者： Xia, Bin Wang, Shangfei Key Lab of Computing and Communication Software of Anhui Province School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Anhui Robot Technology Standard Innovation Base Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030695408

Current works on multimodal facial expression recognition typically require paired visible and thermal facial images. Although visible cameras are readily available in our daily life, thermal cameras are expensive and less prevalent. It is costly to collect a large quantity of synchronous visible and thermal facial images. To tackle this paired training data bottleneck, we propose an unpaired multimodal facial expression recognition method, which makes full use of the massive number of unpaired visible and thermal images by utilizing thermal images to construct better image representations and classifiers for visible images during training. Specifically, two deep neural networks are trained from visible and thermal images to learn image representations and expression classifiers for two modalities. Then, an adversarial strategy is adopted to force statistical similarity between the learned visible and thermal representations, and to minimize the distribution mismatch between the predictions of the visible and thermal images. Through adversarial learning, the proposed method leverages thermal images to construct better image representations and classifiers for visible images during training, without the requirement of paired data. A decoder network is built upon the visible hidden features in order to preserve some inherent features of the visible view. We also take the variability of the different images’ transferability into account via adaptive classification loss. During testing, only visible images are required and the visible network is used. Thus, the proposed method is appropriate for real-world scenarios, since thermal imaging is rare in these instances. Experiments on two benchmark multimodal expression databases and three visible facial expression databases demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared to state-of-the-art methods. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Infrared imaging

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KLT feature based vehicle detection and tracking in airborne videos

KLT feature based vehicle detection and tracking in airborne...

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International Conference on Image and Graphics

作者： Cao, Xianbin Lan, Jinhe Yan, Pingkun Li, Xuelong Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software In Computing and Communication School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 Anhui China Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 Shaanxi China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545417

Airborne vehicle detection and tracking systems equipped on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are difficult to develop because of factors like UAV motion, scene complexity and so on. In this paper, we propose a new framework of multi-motion layer analysis to detect and track moving vehicles in airborne platform. Moving vehicles are firstly detected by registration and temporal differencing to establish motion layers. After motion layers are constructed, they are maintained over time for tracking vehicles. All vehicles are tracked by maintaining their corresponding motion layers. Our experimental results showed that compared with other previous algorithms, our method can achieve better results in terms of detection and tracking performance. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Antennas

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Fault diagnosis design based on qualitative simulation

Fault diagnosis design based on qualitative simulation

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2012 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing, ICICIP 2012

作者： Shao, Chenxi Shao, Zhenzhong Zhang, Juntao Bai, Fanzhou College of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software in Computing and Communication Hefei Anhui 230027 China Jianghuai Automobile Co. Ltd. Hefei 230022 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781457721427

Based on the QSIM reasoning of Kuipers, comparative constraint is presented to reduce the diagnosis space. The transfer regulation of qualitative constrain is used in the simulation and reasoning of system diagnosis. This arithmetic takes observed faulty state as the beginning, to diagnosis the discrepancy of variable and location of the causation according to the transfer regulation of qualitative constraint, reasons from faulty diagnosed to examine the result and delete the redundancy of diagnosis result. In the example of Condensation refrigeration system, the constraint relation is built according to qualitative difference equation. Aim at the bad efficiency of refrigeration, the mixture of air or Freon superfluously is diagnosed as the result faulty source, is consistent with the factual system. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fault detection

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Parzen windows estimation using laplace kernel: A novel parametric analysis with information content

Parzen windows estimation using laplace kernel: A novel para...

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8th ACIS International Conference on software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed computing/3rd ACIS International Workshop on Self-Assembling Wireless Networks

作者： He, Jingsong Tang, Jian Fang, QianSheng MOE-Micro Soft Key Laboratory of Multimedia Computing and Communication Department of Electronic Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Institute of Architecture and Industry China

ISBN: (纸本)0769529097

Parzen windows estimation is one of the classical non-parametric methods in the field of machine learning and pattern classification, and usually uses Gaussian density function as the kernel. Although the relation between the kernel density estimation (KDE) and low-pass filtering is well known, it is vary difficult to setting the parameters of the other kinds of density, functions. This paper proposes a novel method to deal with the parameters of Laplace kernel through measuring the degree of exchanged information among interpolating points. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can improve the performance of Parzen windows significantly.

关键词： Learning systems

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