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Video forgery localization using inter-frame denoising and intra-frame segmentation

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-17页

作者： Banerjee, Debanik Chittaragi, Nagaratna B. Koolagudi, Shashidhar G. Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Karnataka Surathkal575025 India Department of Information Science and Engineering Siddaganaga Institute of Technology Karnataka Tumkur572103 India

Video forgery detection has been necessary with recent spurt in fake videos like Deepfakes and doctored videos from multiple video capturing devices. In this paper, we provide a novel technique of detecting fake videos by creating an ensemble network, based on statistical and deep learning methods to detect interframe forgery and intraframe forgery in forged videos separately. In this paper, Noise signature extraction of a particular image capturing sensor and an Autoencoder-based Convolutional Neural Network model (CNN) are used to localize the forged regions. We have trained the model to localize Deepfake video forgeries as well as copy-paste forgeries with effective results in the test data. The proposed fake video detector can be applied at the back-end of on-line video aggregating services and check their authenticity to verify the genuineness of videos. The results achieved have shown better performances in detecting fake videos compared to existing methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Deep learning-based software engineering: progress,challenges, and opportunities

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 57-144页

作者： Xiangping CHEN Xing HU Yuan HUANG He JIANG Weixing JI Yanjie JIANG Yanyan JIANG Bo LIU Hui LIU Xiaochen LI Xiaoli LIAN Guozhu MENG Xin PENG Hailong SUN Lin SHI Bo WANG Chong WANG Jiayi WANG Tiantian WANG Jifeng XUAN Xin XIA Yibiao YANG Yixin YANG Li ZHANG Yuming ZHOU Lu ZHANG School of Journalism and Communication Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Technology Zhejiang University School of Software Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer Science Peking University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment (CCSE) School of Software Beihang University School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Wuhan University Huawei Technologies

Researchers have recently achieved significant advances in deep learning techniques, which in turn has substantially advanced other research disciplines, such as natural language processing, image processing, speech recognition, and software engineering. Various deep learning techniques have been successfully employed to facilitate software engineering tasks, including code generation, software refactoring, and fault localization. Many studies have also been presented in top conferences and journals, demonstrating the applications of deep learning techniques in resolving various software engineering tasks. However,although several surveys have provided overall pictures of the application of deep learning techniques in software engineering,they focus more on learning techniques, that is, what kind of deep learning techniques are employed and how deep models are trained or fine-tuned for software engineering tasks. We still lack surveys explaining the advances of subareas in software engineering driven by deep learning techniques, as well as challenges and opportunities in each subarea. To this end, in this study, we present the first task-oriented survey on deep learning-based software engineering. It covers twelve major software engineering subareas significantly impacted by deep learning techniques. Such subareas spread out through the whole lifecycle of software development and maintenance, including requirements engineering, software development, testing, maintenance, and developer collaboration. As we believe that deep learning may provide an opportunity to revolutionize the whole discipline of software engineering, providing one survey covering as many subareas as possible in software engineering can help future research push forward the frontier of deep learning-based software engineering more systematically. For each of the selected subareas,we highlight the major advances achieved by applying deep learning techniques with pointers to the available datasets i

关键词： deep learning software engineering software benchmark software artifact representation survey

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Automatic hate speech detection in audio using machine learning algorithms

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International Journal of Speech technology 2024年第2期27卷 447-469页

作者： Imbwaga, Joan L. Chittaragi, Nagatatna B. Koolagudi, Shashidhar G. Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Karnataka Surathkal575025 India Information Science and Engineering Siddaganga Institute of Technology Karnataka Tumkur572103 India

Even though every individual is entitled to freedom of speech, some limitations exist when this freedom is used to target and harm another individual or a group of people, as it translates to hate speech. In this study, the proposed research deals with detection of hate speech for English and Kiswahili languages from audio. The dataset used in this work was collected manually from YouTube videos and then converted to audio. Audio-based features namely spectral, temporal, prosodic and excitation source features were extracted and used to train various machine learning classifiers. Initial experiments were conducted for English language and later on for Kiswahili language. However, it is observed from literature that research activities on Kiswahili language is comparatively lesser. The scores calculated for accuracy, recall, precision, auc and f1 score in detecting hate speech, suggest that Random Forest classifier performed better for English language while the Extreme Gradient Boosting classifier performed better for Kiswahili language. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Machine learning

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An enhanced two-level data sanitisation and elliptic curve cryptography encryption model for securing electronic healthcare data in a hybrid cloud platform

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International Journal of Cloud Computing 2025年第1期14卷 86-114页

作者： Ambica, V. Mary, A. Viji Amutha Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600119 India Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology India Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600119 India

A secure framework for storing EHR in the hybrid cloud platform is implemented. At first, the required medical data is gathered from the database of the hospitals and split into sensitive and insensitive parts. The sensitive part is first encrypted with the data sanitisation method. The keys obtained are optimally chosen by the modified uniform number-based red fox optimisation (MUN-RFO). Then, the insensitive part is encrypted by optimal key-based data encryption scheme (OKDES), in which the same MUN-RFO algorithm is utilised to choose the optimal keys. The sensitive and insensitive data is combined and stored in the Hybrid Cloud. From the result analysis, the cost function of the MUN-RFO-OKDES is lower by 0.022% of HBA-OKDES, 0.011% of DHOA-OKDES, 0.0025% of EFO-OKDES and 0.001% of RFO-OKDES at 5th iteration for dataset 2. Numerous simulations are carried out to prove the security provided by the given data storage model in a hybrid cloud. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Cost functions

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Hybrid RMDL-CNN for speech recognition from unclear speech signal

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International Journal of Speech technology 2025年第1期28卷 195-217页

作者： Bhargava, Raja Arivazhagan, N. Babu, Kunchala Suresh Research Scholar Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Potti Sriramulu Chaluvadi Mallikarjuna Rao college of Engineering and Technology Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada India

ASR is an effectual approach, which converts human speech into computer actions or text format. It involves extracting and determining the noise feature, the audio model, and the language model. The extraction and determination of the noise feature is a crucial aspect of speech recognition, serving as both a process of information compression and signal deconvolution. ASR schemes are mostly employed in smart homes, smart appliances, and biometric schemes. Yet, traditional approaches offer very low performance because of a noisy environment. Moreover, local differences and accents negatively influence the ASR scheme execution during the conversion of the speech signals. This paper introduces a hybrid RMDL-CNN method to address these challenges. At first, the input of unclear speech is carried out by the dataset. Then, signal pre-processing is done by employing a Gaussian filter. After that, voice enhancement is accomplished by employing nonlinear spectral subtraction. Later, the speech word is segmented from the enhanced output based on the Attentional Encoder-Decoder approach and finally, the speech is recognized using the proposed RMDL-CNN. The RMDL-CNN method is devised by the combination of RMDL and CNN. Furthermore, the established RMDL-CNN is accessed for its efficiency based on several values of k-group value, as well as learning data. In addition, the introduced RMDL-CNN approach for speech recognition achieved better accuracy, PPV, as well as NPV of 0.909, 0.947, and 0.917 for dataset 1. Moreover, the RMDL-CNN has achieved the highest accuracy of 0.909, PPV of 0.926 and NPV of 0.888 for dataset 2. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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An improved multi-scale convolutional neural network with gated recurrent neural network model for protein secondary structure prediction

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第24期36卷 15063-15074页

作者： Bongirwar, Vrushali Mokhade, A.S. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management Nagpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur India

Protein structure prediction is one of the main research areas in the field of Bio-informatics. The importance of proteins in drug design attracts researchers for finding the accurate tertiary structure of the protein which is dependent on its secondary structure. In this paper, we focus on improving the accuracy of protein secondary structure prediction. To do so, a Multi-scale convolutional neural network with a Gated recurrent neural network (MCNN-GRNN) is proposed. The novel amino acid encoding method along with layered convolutional neural network and Gated recurrent neural network blocks helps to retrieve local and global relationships between features, which in turn effectively classify the input protein sequence into 3 and 8 states. We have evaluated our algorithm on CullPDB, CB513, PDB25, CASP10, CASP11, CASP12, CASP13, and CASP14 datasets. We have compared our algorithm with different state-of-the-art algorithms like DCNN-SS, DCRNN, MUFOLD-SS, DLBLS_SS, and CGAN-PSSP. The Q3 accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 82–87% and Q8 accuracy is 69–77% on different datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Explainable hate speech detection using LIME

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International Journal of Speech technology 2024年第3期27卷 793-815页

作者： Imbwaga, Joan L. Chittaragi, Nagaratna B. Koolagudi, Shashidhar G. Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Karnataka Surathkal575025 India Information Science and Engineering Siddaganga Institute of Technology Karnataka Tumkur572103 India

Free speech is essential, but it can conflict with protecting marginalized groups from harm caused by hate speech. Social media platforms have become breeding grounds for this harmful content. While studies exist to detect hate speech, there are significant research gaps. First, most studies used text data instead of other modalities such as videos or audio. Second, most studies explored traditional machine learning algorithms. However, due to the increase in complexities of computational tasks, there is need to employ complex techniques and methodologies. Third, majority of the research studies have either been evaluated using very few evaluation metrics or not statistically evaluated at all. Lastly, due to the opaque, black-box nature of the complex classifiers, there is need to use explainability techniques. This research aims to address these gaps by detecting hate speech in English and Kiswahili languages using videos manually collected from YouTube. The videos were converted to text and used to train various classifiers. The performance of these classifiers was evaluated using various evaluation and statistical measurements. The experimental results suggest that the random forest classifier achieved the highest results for both languages across all evaluation measurements compared to all classifiers used. The results for English language were: accuracy 98%, AUC 96%, precision 99%, recall 97%, F1 98%, specificity 98% and MCC 96% while the results for Kiswahili language were: accuracy 90%, AUC 94%, precision 93%, recall 92%, F1 94%, specificity 87% and MCC 75%. These results suggest that the random forest classifier is robust, effective and efficient in detecting hate speech in any language. This also implies that the classifier is reliable in detecting hate speech and other related problems in social media. However, to understand the classifiers’ decision-making process, we used the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) technique to explain the

关键词： Random forests

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Insider Attack Prevention:LAPUP—Lightweight Authentication Protocol Using PUF

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2024年第2期9卷 192-206页

作者： Siranjeevi Rajamanickam Satyanarayana Vollala N.Ramasubramanian Department of Computer Engineering Government Polytechnic CollegeTiruchirappalli 620022India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dr.Shyama Prasad Mukherjee International Institute of Information Technology-Naya RaipurChhattisgarh 493661India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalli 620015India

The incredible progress in technologies has drastically increased the usage of Web *** share their credentials like userid and password or use their smart cards to get authenticated by the application *** cards are handy to use,but they are susceptible to stolen smart card attacks and few other notable security *** prefer to use Web applications that guarantee for security against several security attacks,especially insider attacks,which is *** of several existing schemes prove the security pitfalls of the protocols from preventing security attacks,specifically insider *** paper introduces LAPUP:a novel lightweight authentication protocol using physically unclonable function(PUF)to prevent security attacks,principally insider *** PUFs are used to generate the security keys,challenge-response pair(CRP)and hardware signature for designing the *** transmitted messages are shared as hash values and encrypted by the keys generated by *** messages are devoid of all possible attacks executed by any attacker,including insider *** is also free from stolen verifier attacks,as the databases are secured by using the hardware signature generated by *** analysis of the protocol exhibits the strength of LAPUP in preventing insider attacks and its resistance against several other security *** evaluation results of the communication and computation costs of LAPUP clearly shows that it achieves better performance than existing protocols,despite providing enhanced security.

关键词： physically unclonable function(PUF) insiderattacks authenticationkeymanagementserver(AKMS) security

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A lightweight identity based mutual authenticated key agreement scheme for telecare medical information system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Banerjee, Ananya Sahana, Subhas Chandra Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology West Bengal Durgapur713209 India

The Telecare Medical Information System (TMIS) faces challenges in securely exchanging sensitive health information between TMIS nodes. A Mutual Authenticated Key Agreement (MAKA) scheme is used to eliminate security flaws, ensure users’ authenticity and establish a shared session key between two communicating nodes. A Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) based traditional authenticated key agreement scheme in TMIS driven by resource-constrained devices requires extra processing power and storage space to perform different certificate management activities. This overhead can be eliminated adopting Identity-Based Cryptography. We propose a mutual authenticated key agreement scheme based on Identity-Based Cryptography (IBC) incorporating elliptic curves which make the scheme not only computation cost efficient but also communication cost efficient. The proposed scheme is secure against all attacks related to a key agreement protocol. Comparative analysis with existing authentication schemes and formal security simulation using the AVISPA toolset demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms similar types of existing established schemes in the TMIS literature. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Electronic health record

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An efficient multi-objective task scheduling in edge computing using adaptive honey badger optimisation

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International Journal of Web engineering and technology 2024年第2期19卷 110-126页

作者： Nagalakshmi, Bantupalli Subramanian, Sumathy School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

Task scheduling, which is important in cloud computing, is one of the most challenging issues in this area. Hence, an efficient and reliable task scheduling approach is needed to produce more efficient resource employment. So, a multi-objective-based task scheduling for edge computing is suggested in this study. This paper develops the adaptive honey badger optimisation algorithm (AHBA) to accomplish this goal. The lack of population, the original honey badger algorithm (HBO) has the issue of becoming trapped in local optima. To maintain population variety and improve convergence towards the ideal solution, HBO is combined with the opposition-based learning technique (OBL). Based on makespan, cost, energy consumption, and resource usage, the multi-objective function is created. According to simulation results, the proposed approach has a lot of potential in this field. Java and cloud Simulator are used to implement the suggested model. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Energy utilization

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